UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 18 March 2025

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

#### Quiz-summary

0 of 10 questions completed

Questions:

#### Information

Best of luck! 🙂

You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.

Quiz is loading...

You must sign in or sign up to start the quiz.

You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:

0 of 10 questions answered correctly

Your time:

Time has elapsed

You have reached 0 of 0 points, (0)

Average score |

Your score |

#### Categories

• Not categorized 0%

Pos. | Name | Entered on | Points | Result

Table is loading

No data available

| | | |

• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points The Nagorno-Karabakh region is internationally recognized as a part of which country? (a) Armenia (b) Azerbaijan (c) Russia (d) An independent entity recognized by the United Nations Correct Solution: B Explanation: Option a is incorrect – Although the majority of the population in Nagorno-Karabakh is ethnic Armenian, it is not internationally recognized as part of Armenia. Option b is correct – Nagorno-Karabakh is legally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, even though it had de facto control by ethnic Armenian forces for decades. Option c is incorrect – Russia plays a mediatory role but does not claim the territory. Option d is incorrect – The UN does not recognize Nagorno-Karabakh as an independent entity. About Nagorno-Karabakh: Location: A landlocked mountainous region in the Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Political Status: Internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan but populated mostly by ethnic Armenians. It had an unrecognized separatist government closely linked to Armenia. Historical Conflict: Declared independence from Azerbaijan in the late 1980s, leading to the First Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988-1994). In September 2023, Azerbaijan regained full control after a 24-hour military operation, forcing 120,000 ethnic Armenians to flee. Incorrect Solution: B Explanation: Option a is incorrect – Although the majority of the population in Nagorno-Karabakh is ethnic Armenian, it is not internationally recognized as part of Armenia. Option b is correct – Nagorno-Karabakh is legally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, even though it had de facto control by ethnic Armenian forces for decades. Option c is incorrect – Russia plays a mediatory role but does not claim the territory. Option d is incorrect – The UN does not recognize Nagorno-Karabakh as an independent entity. About Nagorno-Karabakh: Location: A landlocked mountainous region in the Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Political Status: Internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan but populated mostly by ethnic Armenians. It had an unrecognized separatist government closely linked to Armenia. Historical Conflict: Declared independence from Azerbaijan in the late 1980s, leading to the First Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988-1994). In September 2023, Azerbaijan regained full control after a 24-hour military operation, forcing 120,000 ethnic Armenians to flee.

#### 1. Question

The Nagorno-Karabakh region is internationally recognized as a part of which country?

• (a) Armenia

• (b) Azerbaijan

• (c) Russia

• (d) An independent entity recognized by the United Nations

Solution: B

Explanation:

• Option a is incorrect – Although the majority of the population in Nagorno-Karabakh is ethnic Armenian, it is not internationally recognized as part of Armenia.

• Option b is correct – Nagorno-Karabakh is legally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, even though it had de facto control by ethnic Armenian forces for decades.

• Option c is incorrect – Russia plays a mediatory role but does not claim the territory.

• Option d is incorrect – The UN does not recognize Nagorno-Karabakh as an independent entity.

About Nagorno-Karabakh:

• Location: A landlocked mountainous region in the Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.

• Political Status:

• Internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan but populated mostly by ethnic Armenians. It had an unrecognized separatist government closely linked to Armenia.

• Internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan but populated mostly by ethnic Armenians.

• It had an unrecognized separatist government closely linked to Armenia.

• Historical Conflict:

• Declared independence from Azerbaijan in the late 1980s, leading to the First Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988-1994). In September 2023, Azerbaijan regained full control after a 24-hour military operation, forcing 120,000 ethnic Armenians to flee.

• Declared independence from Azerbaijan in the late 1980s, leading to the First Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988-1994).

• In September 2023, Azerbaijan regained full control after a 24-hour military operation, forcing 120,000 ethnic Armenians to flee.

Solution: B

Explanation:

• Option a is incorrect – Although the majority of the population in Nagorno-Karabakh is ethnic Armenian, it is not internationally recognized as part of Armenia.

• Option b is correct – Nagorno-Karabakh is legally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, even though it had de facto control by ethnic Armenian forces for decades.

• Option c is incorrect – Russia plays a mediatory role but does not claim the territory.

• Option d is incorrect – The UN does not recognize Nagorno-Karabakh as an independent entity.

About Nagorno-Karabakh:

• Location: A landlocked mountainous region in the Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.

• Political Status:

• Internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan but populated mostly by ethnic Armenians. It had an unrecognized separatist government closely linked to Armenia.

• Internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan but populated mostly by ethnic Armenians.

• It had an unrecognized separatist government closely linked to Armenia.

• Historical Conflict:

• Declared independence from Azerbaijan in the late 1980s, leading to the First Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988-1994). In September 2023, Azerbaijan regained full control after a 24-hour military operation, forcing 120,000 ethnic Armenians to flee.

• Declared independence from Azerbaijan in the late 1980s, leading to the First Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988-1994).

• In September 2023, Azerbaijan regained full control after a 24-hour military operation, forcing 120,000 ethnic Armenians to flee.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the UNESCO Tentative List: It is a mandatory step before a site can be nominated for the World Heritage List. A country can only submit one site per year for inclusion in the Tentative List. The Tentative List is reviewed every 10 years, allowing for modifications. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Explanation: Statement 1 is correct – A site must be on the Tentative List for at least one year before being officially nominated. Statement 2 is incorrect – There is no limit on the number of sites a country can submit to the Tentative List. Statement 3 is correct – The list undergoes periodic revisions every 10 years. What is the Tentative List? An inventory of cultural and natural heritage sites that a country intends to nominate for UNESCO World Heritage status. How Are Sites Added? Countries submit Tentative Lists to the World Heritage Centre. A site must demonstrate Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). The list must be submitted at least one year before official nomination. Periodic revisions are encouraged every 10 years. Incorrect Solution: B Explanation: Statement 1 is correct – A site must be on the Tentative List for at least one year before being officially nominated. Statement 2 is incorrect – There is no limit on the number of sites a country can submit to the Tentative List. Statement 3 is correct – The list undergoes periodic revisions every 10 years. What is the Tentative List? An inventory of cultural and natural heritage sites that a country intends to nominate for UNESCO World Heritage status. How Are Sites Added? Countries submit Tentative Lists to the World Heritage Centre. A site must demonstrate Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). The list must be submitted at least one year before official nomination. Periodic revisions are encouraged every 10 years.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the UNESCO Tentative List:

• It is a mandatory step before a site can be nominated for the World Heritage List.

• A country can only submit one site per year for inclusion in the Tentative List.

• The Tentative List is reviewed every 10 years, allowing for modifications.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct – A site must be on the Tentative List for at least one year before being officially nominated.

• Statement 2 is incorrect – There is no limit on the number of sites a country can submit to the Tentative List.

• Statement 3 is correct – The list undergoes periodic revisions every 10 years.

What is the Tentative List?

• An inventory of cultural and natural heritage sites that a country intends to nominate for UNESCO World Heritage status.

How Are Sites Added?

• Countries submit Tentative Lists to the World Heritage Centre.

• A site must demonstrate Outstanding Universal Value (OUV).

• The list must be submitted at least one year before official nomination.

• Periodic revisions are encouraged every 10 years.

Solution: B

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct – A site must be on the Tentative List for at least one year before being officially nominated.

• Statement 2 is incorrect – There is no limit on the number of sites a country can submit to the Tentative List.

• Statement 3 is correct – The list undergoes periodic revisions every 10 years.

What is the Tentative List?

• An inventory of cultural and natural heritage sites that a country intends to nominate for UNESCO World Heritage status.

How Are Sites Added?

• Countries submit Tentative Lists to the World Heritage Centre.

• A site must demonstrate Outstanding Universal Value (OUV).

• The list must be submitted at least one year before official nomination.

• Periodic revisions are encouraged every 10 years.

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Which of the following correctly describes Kanger Valley National Park, one of the sites added to India’s UNESCO Tentative List? (a) It is a biodiversity hotspot with rare limestone caves and dense forests. (b) It is known for prehistoric rock paintings dating back to the Mesolithic Age. (c) It is a mangrove ecosystem famous for its estuarine crocodiles. (d) It primarily consists of coastal sand dunes and desert wildlife. Correct Solution: A Explanation: Option a is correct – It is a biodiversity hotspot with limestone caves and dense forests, home to species like the Bastar Hill Myna. Option b is incorrect – Although prehistoric sites exist in Chhattisgarh, Kanger Valley is not known for Mesolithic rock paintings. Option c is incorrect – Kanger Valley is not a mangrove ecosystem, but a forested region. Option d is incorrect – It is not a desert ecosystem but a moist deciduous forest. Incorrect Solution: A Explanation: Option a is correct – It is a biodiversity hotspot with limestone caves and dense forests, home to species like the Bastar Hill Myna. Option b is incorrect – Although prehistoric sites exist in Chhattisgarh, Kanger Valley is not known for Mesolithic rock paintings. Option c is incorrect – Kanger Valley is not a mangrove ecosystem, but a forested region. Option d is incorrect – It is not a desert ecosystem but a moist deciduous forest.

#### 3. Question

Which of the following correctly describes Kanger Valley National Park, one of the sites added to India’s UNESCO Tentative List?

• (a) It is a biodiversity hotspot with rare limestone caves and dense forests.

• (b) It is known for prehistoric rock paintings dating back to the Mesolithic Age.

• (c) It is a mangrove ecosystem famous for its estuarine crocodiles.

• (d) It primarily consists of coastal sand dunes and desert wildlife.

Solution: A

Explanation:

• Option a is correct – It is a biodiversity hotspot with limestone caves and dense forests, home to species like the Bastar Hill Myna.

• Option b is incorrect – Although prehistoric sites exist in Chhattisgarh, Kanger Valley is not known for Mesolithic rock paintings.

• Option c is incorrect – Kanger Valley is not a mangrove ecosystem, but a forested region.

• Option d is incorrect – It is not a desert ecosystem but a moist deciduous forest.

Solution: A

Explanation:

• Option a is correct – It is a biodiversity hotspot with limestone caves and dense forests, home to species like the Bastar Hill Myna.

• Option b is incorrect – Although prehistoric sites exist in Chhattisgarh, Kanger Valley is not known for Mesolithic rock paintings.

• Option c is incorrect – Kanger Valley is not a mangrove ecosystem, but a forested region.

• Option d is incorrect – It is not a desert ecosystem but a moist deciduous forest.

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the importance of Aditya-L1’s position at Lagrange Point 1 (L1): Statement-I: L1 allows Aditya-L1 to continuously observe the Sun without any interruptions from Earth’s shadow. Statement-II: L1 is located within Earth’s magnetosphere, which protects the spacecraft from solar radiation. Which one of the following is incorrect? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I. (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I. (c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect. (d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct. Correct Solution: C Explanation: Statement-I is correct – The L1 point provides an uninterrupted view of the Sun. Statement-II is incorrect – L1 is not within Earth’s magnetosphere; it is outside its protective influence. About Aditya-L1 Mission: Launched in: September 2, 2023. Developed by: ISRO, with contributions from Indian academic institutions. Mission Type: India’s first solar observation mission positioned at Lagrange Point 1 (L1). Distance from Earth:5 million km (1% of Earth-Sun distance). Primary Aim: Study the Sun’s corona, chromosphere, and solar emissions. Monitor solar wind, magnetic storms, and space weather impacts on Earth. Key Features: Constant Solar Observation: Uninterrupted view of the Sun due to L1 positioning. Indigenous Payloads: 7 payloads designed for spectroscopy, coronagraphy, and particle analysis. Minimized Fuel Usage: L1’s gravitational balance reduces orbital maintenance efforts. Early Warning System: Detects solar radiation and storms before they reach Earth. Incorrect Solution: C Explanation: Statement-I is correct – The L1 point provides an uninterrupted view of the Sun. Statement-II is incorrect – L1 is not within Earth’s magnetosphere; it is outside its protective influence. About Aditya-L1 Mission: Launched in: September 2, 2023. Developed by: ISRO, with contributions from Indian academic institutions. Mission Type: India’s first solar observation mission positioned at Lagrange Point 1 (L1). Distance from Earth:5 million km (1% of Earth-Sun distance). Primary Aim: Study the Sun’s corona, chromosphere, and solar emissions. Monitor solar wind, magnetic storms, and space weather impacts on Earth. Key Features: Constant Solar Observation: Uninterrupted view of the Sun due to L1 positioning. Indigenous Payloads: 7 payloads designed for spectroscopy, coronagraphy, and particle analysis. Minimized Fuel Usage: L1’s gravitational balance reduces orbital maintenance efforts. Early Warning System: Detects solar radiation and storms before they reach Earth.

#### 4. Question

• Consider the following statements regarding the importance of Aditya-L1’s position at Lagrange Point 1 (L1):

Statement-I: L1 allows Aditya-L1 to continuously observe the Sun without any interruptions from Earth’s shadow. Statement-II: L1 is located within Earth’s magnetosphere, which protects the spacecraft from solar radiation.

Which one of the following is incorrect?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I.

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I.

• (c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect.

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct.

Solution: C

Explanation:

• Statement-I is correct – The L1 point provides an uninterrupted view of the Sun.

• Statement-II is incorrect – L1 is not within Earth’s magnetosphere; it is outside its protective influence.

About Aditya-L1 Mission:

• Launched in: September 2, 2023.

• Developed by: ISRO, with contributions from Indian academic institutions.

• Mission Type: India’s first solar observation mission positioned at Lagrange Point 1 (L1).

• Distance from Earth:5 million km (1% of Earth-Sun distance).

• Primary Aim:

• Study the Sun’s corona, chromosphere, and solar emissions. Monitor solar wind, magnetic storms, and space weather impacts on Earth.

• Study the Sun’s corona, chromosphere, and solar emissions.

• Monitor solar wind, magnetic storms, and space weather impacts on Earth.

• Key Features:

• Constant Solar Observation: Uninterrupted view of the Sun due to L1 positioning. Indigenous Payloads: 7 payloads designed for spectroscopy, coronagraphy, and particle analysis. Minimized Fuel Usage: L1’s gravitational balance reduces orbital maintenance efforts. Early Warning System: Detects solar radiation and storms before they reach Earth.

• Constant Solar Observation: Uninterrupted view of the Sun due to L1 positioning.

• Indigenous Payloads: 7 payloads designed for spectroscopy, coronagraphy, and particle analysis.

• Minimized Fuel Usage: L1’s gravitational balance reduces orbital maintenance efforts.

• Early Warning System: Detects solar radiation and storms before they reach Earth.

Solution: C

Explanation:

• Statement-I is correct – The L1 point provides an uninterrupted view of the Sun.

• Statement-II is incorrect – L1 is not within Earth’s magnetosphere; it is outside its protective influence.

About Aditya-L1 Mission:

• Launched in: September 2, 2023.

• Developed by: ISRO, with contributions from Indian academic institutions.

• Mission Type: India’s first solar observation mission positioned at Lagrange Point 1 (L1).

• Distance from Earth:5 million km (1% of Earth-Sun distance).

• Primary Aim:

• Study the Sun’s corona, chromosphere, and solar emissions. Monitor solar wind, magnetic storms, and space weather impacts on Earth.

• Study the Sun’s corona, chromosphere, and solar emissions.

• Monitor solar wind, magnetic storms, and space weather impacts on Earth.

• Key Features:

• Constant Solar Observation: Uninterrupted view of the Sun due to L1 positioning. Indigenous Payloads: 7 payloads designed for spectroscopy, coronagraphy, and particle analysis. Minimized Fuel Usage: L1’s gravitational balance reduces orbital maintenance efforts. Early Warning System: Detects solar radiation and storms before they reach Earth.

• Constant Solar Observation: Uninterrupted view of the Sun due to L1 positioning.

• Indigenous Payloads: 7 payloads designed for spectroscopy, coronagraphy, and particle analysis.

• Minimized Fuel Usage: L1’s gravitational balance reduces orbital maintenance efforts.

• Early Warning System: Detects solar radiation and storms before they reach Earth.

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Armenia is a landlocked country located in which geographical region? (a) The Balkans (b) The Central Asian Steppe (c) The Levant (d) The South Caucasus Correct Solution: D Explanation: Option a is incorrect – The Balkans refer to Southeastern Europe, while Armenia is located in Eurasia. Option b is incorrect – Armenia is not part of Central Asia, as it lies west of the Caspian Sea. Option c is incorrect – The Levant covers countries like Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Israel, not Armenia. Option d is correct – Armenia is part of the South Caucasus region, bordered by Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Iran. About Armenia: Location: A landlocked country in the South Caucasus. Border nations: Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Iran Capital: Geographic Features: Mountains: A highly mountainous country, dominated by the Lesser Caucasus Mountains. Highest Peak: Mount Aragats (4,090 meters). Rivers: The Aras River, forming the southern border with Turkey and Iran. Lakes: Lake Sevan, one of the largest freshwater lakes in the region. Incorrect Solution: D Explanation: Option a is incorrect – The Balkans refer to Southeastern Europe, while Armenia is located in Eurasia. Option b is incorrect – Armenia is not part of Central Asia, as it lies west of the Caspian Sea. Option c is incorrect – The Levant covers countries like Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Israel, not Armenia. Option d is correct – Armenia is part of the South Caucasus region, bordered by Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Iran. About Armenia: Location: A landlocked country in the South Caucasus. Border nations: Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Iran Capital: Geographic Features: Mountains: A highly mountainous country, dominated by the Lesser Caucasus Mountains. Highest Peak: Mount Aragats (4,090 meters). Rivers: The Aras River, forming the southern border with Turkey and Iran. Lakes: Lake Sevan, one of the largest freshwater lakes in the region.

#### 5. Question

Armenia is a landlocked country located in which geographical region?

• (a) The Balkans

• (b) The Central Asian Steppe

• (c) The Levant

• (d) The South Caucasus

Solution: D

Explanation:

• Option a is incorrect – The Balkans refer to Southeastern Europe, while Armenia is located in Eurasia.

• Option b is incorrect – Armenia is not part of Central Asia, as it lies west of the Caspian Sea.

• Option c is incorrect – The Levant covers countries like Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Israel, not Armenia.

• Option d is correct – Armenia is part of the South Caucasus region, bordered by Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Iran.

About Armenia:

• Location: A landlocked country in the South Caucasus.

• Border nations: Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Iran

• Capital:

• Geographic Features: Mountains: A highly mountainous country, dominated by the Lesser Caucasus Mountains. Highest Peak: Mount Aragats (4,090 meters). Rivers: The Aras River, forming the southern border with Turkey and Iran. Lakes: Lake Sevan, one of the largest freshwater lakes in the region.

• Mountains: A highly mountainous country, dominated by the Lesser Caucasus Mountains.

• Highest Peak: Mount Aragats (4,090 meters).

• Rivers: The Aras River, forming the southern border with Turkey and Iran.

• Lakes: Lake Sevan, one of the largest freshwater lakes in the region.

Solution: D

Explanation:

• Option a is incorrect – The Balkans refer to Southeastern Europe, while Armenia is located in Eurasia.

• Option b is incorrect – Armenia is not part of Central Asia, as it lies west of the Caspian Sea.

• Option c is incorrect – The Levant covers countries like Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Israel, not Armenia.

• Option d is correct – Armenia is part of the South Caucasus region, bordered by Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Iran.

About Armenia:

• Location: A landlocked country in the South Caucasus.

• Border nations: Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Iran

• Capital:

• Geographic Features: Mountains: A highly mountainous country, dominated by the Lesser Caucasus Mountains. Highest Peak: Mount Aragats (4,090 meters). Rivers: The Aras River, forming the southern border with Turkey and Iran. Lakes: Lake Sevan, one of the largest freshwater lakes in the region.

• Mountains: A highly mountainous country, dominated by the Lesser Caucasus Mountains.

• Highest Peak: Mount Aragats (4,090 meters).

• Rivers: The Aras River, forming the southern border with Turkey and Iran.

• Lakes: Lake Sevan, one of the largest freshwater lakes in the region.

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Azerbaijan is strategically located between which major bodies of water? (a) The Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea (b) The Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf (c) The Caspian Sea and the Black Sea (d) The Red Sea and the Arabian Sea Correct Solution: c) Explanation: Option a is incorrect – Azerbaijan does not border the Mediterranean Sea. Option b is incorrect – The Persian Gulf is far south, and Azerbaijan does not reach it. Option c is correct – Azerbaijan is situated between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea, making it a critical transit hub for trade and energy exports. Option d is incorrect – The Red Sea and Arabian Sea are much farther south, near the Arabian Peninsula. About Azerbaijan: Location: Located in eastern Transcaucasia. Bordered by: Russia, Georgia, Armenia, Iran, and Caspian Sea. Capital: Baku, a major oil-rich city on the Caspian Sea coast. Geographic Features: Mountains: The Greater Caucasus Mountains dominate the north, with Mount Bazardüzü (4,466 meters) as the highest peak. Rivers: Major rivers include the Kura and Aras, supporting agriculture and hydroelectric power. Caspian Sea Coastline: Azerbaijan has a large coastline along the Caspian Sea, playing a crucial role in trade and energy exports. Incorrect Solution: c) Explanation: Option a is incorrect – Azerbaijan does not border the Mediterranean Sea. Option b is incorrect – The Persian Gulf is far south, and Azerbaijan does not reach it. Option c is correct – Azerbaijan is situated between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea, making it a critical transit hub for trade and energy exports. Option d is incorrect – The Red Sea and Arabian Sea are much farther south, near the Arabian Peninsula. About Azerbaijan: Location: Located in eastern Transcaucasia. Bordered by: Russia, Georgia, Armenia, Iran, and Caspian Sea. Capital: Baku, a major oil-rich city on the Caspian Sea coast. Geographic Features: Mountains: The Greater Caucasus Mountains dominate the north, with Mount Bazardüzü (4,466 meters) as the highest peak. Rivers: Major rivers include the Kura and Aras, supporting agriculture and hydroelectric power. Caspian Sea Coastline: Azerbaijan has a large coastline along the Caspian Sea, playing a crucial role in trade and energy exports.

#### 6. Question

Azerbaijan is strategically located between which major bodies of water?

• (a) The Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea

• (b) The Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf

• (c) The Caspian Sea and the Black Sea

• (d) The Red Sea and the Arabian Sea

Solution: c)

Explanation:

• Option a is incorrect – Azerbaijan does not border the Mediterranean Sea.

• Option b is incorrect – The Persian Gulf is far south, and Azerbaijan does not reach it.

• Option c is correct – Azerbaijan is situated between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea, making it a critical transit hub for trade and energy exports.

• Option d is incorrect – The Red Sea and Arabian Sea are much farther south, near the Arabian Peninsula.

About Azerbaijan:

• Location: Located in eastern Transcaucasia.

• Bordered by: Russia, Georgia, Armenia, Iran, and Caspian Sea.

• Capital: Baku, a major oil-rich city on the Caspian Sea coast.

• Geographic Features: Mountains: The Greater Caucasus Mountains dominate the north, with Mount Bazardüzü (4,466 meters) as the highest peak. Rivers: Major rivers include the Kura and Aras, supporting agriculture and hydroelectric power. Caspian Sea Coastline: Azerbaijan has a large coastline along the Caspian Sea, playing a crucial role in trade and energy exports.

• Mountains: The Greater Caucasus Mountains dominate the north, with Mount Bazardüzü (4,466 meters) as the highest peak.

• Rivers: Major rivers include the Kura and Aras, supporting agriculture and hydroelectric power.

• Caspian Sea Coastline: Azerbaijan has a large coastline along the Caspian Sea, playing a crucial role in trade and energy exports.

Solution: c)

Explanation:

• Option a is incorrect – Azerbaijan does not border the Mediterranean Sea.

• Option b is incorrect – The Persian Gulf is far south, and Azerbaijan does not reach it.

• Option c is correct – Azerbaijan is situated between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea, making it a critical transit hub for trade and energy exports.

• Option d is incorrect – The Red Sea and Arabian Sea are much farther south, near the Arabian Peninsula.

About Azerbaijan:

• Location: Located in eastern Transcaucasia.

• Bordered by: Russia, Georgia, Armenia, Iran, and Caspian Sea.

• Capital: Baku, a major oil-rich city on the Caspian Sea coast.

• Geographic Features: Mountains: The Greater Caucasus Mountains dominate the north, with Mount Bazardüzü (4,466 meters) as the highest peak. Rivers: Major rivers include the Kura and Aras, supporting agriculture and hydroelectric power. Caspian Sea Coastline: Azerbaijan has a large coastline along the Caspian Sea, playing a crucial role in trade and energy exports.

• Mountains: The Greater Caucasus Mountains dominate the north, with Mount Bazardüzü (4,466 meters) as the highest peak.

• Rivers: Major rivers include the Kura and Aras, supporting agriculture and hydroelectric power.

• Caspian Sea Coastline: Azerbaijan has a large coastline along the Caspian Sea, playing a crucial role in trade and energy exports.

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Match the following military exercises with their respective features: Exercise Feature A. Bongosagar 2025 1. Aerial combat training between India and France B. Khanjar-XII 2025 2. Enhancing Indo-Pacific military synergy C. Dharma Guardian 2025 3. Strengthening maritime security in the Bay of Bengal D. Exercise Garuda 2025 4. Urban warfare and counter-terrorism in Kyrgyzstan Select the correct option: (a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 (b) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 (c) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 (d) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2 Correct Solution: C About Military Exercise in News: Exercise Bongosagar 2025 Nations Involved: India and Bangladesh Host: Bay of Bengal Aim: Strengthening maritime security, tactical planning, and operational coordination. Exercise Khanjar-XII 2025 Nations Involved: India and Kyrgyzstan Host: Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan Aim: Enhancing special forces interoperability, focusing on urban warfare and counter-terrorism under the UN mandate. Exercise Dharma Guardian 2025 Nations Involved: India and Japan Host: East Fuji Training Area, Japan Aim: Improving joint counter-terror operations, disaster relief drills, and military synergy in the Indo-Pacific. Incorrect Solution: C About Military Exercise in News: Exercise Bongosagar 2025 Nations Involved: India and Bangladesh Host: Bay of Bengal Aim: Strengthening maritime security, tactical planning, and operational coordination. Exercise Khanjar-XII 2025 Nations Involved: India and Kyrgyzstan Host: Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan Aim: Enhancing special forces interoperability, focusing on urban warfare and counter-terrorism under the UN mandate. Exercise Dharma Guardian 2025 Nations Involved: India and Japan Host: East Fuji Training Area, Japan Aim: Improving joint counter-terror operations, disaster relief drills, and military synergy in the Indo-Pacific.

#### 7. Question

Match the following military exercises with their respective features:

Exercise | Feature

A. Bongosagar 2025 | 1. Aerial combat training between India and France

B. Khanjar-XII 2025 | 2. Enhancing Indo-Pacific military synergy

C. Dharma Guardian 2025 | 3. Strengthening maritime security in the Bay of Bengal

D. Exercise Garuda 2025 | 4. Urban warfare and counter-terrorism in Kyrgyzstan

Select the correct option:

• (a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

• (b) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

• (c) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1

• (d) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

Solution: C

About Military Exercise in News:

• Exercise Bongosagar 2025

• Nations Involved: India and Bangladesh Host: Bay of Bengal Aim: Strengthening maritime security, tactical planning, and operational coordination.

• Nations Involved: India and Bangladesh

• Host: Bay of Bengal

• Aim: Strengthening maritime security, tactical planning, and operational coordination.

• Exercise Khanjar-XII 2025

• Nations Involved: India and Kyrgyzstan Host: Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan Aim: Enhancing special forces interoperability, focusing on urban warfare and counter-terrorism under the UN mandate.

• Nations Involved: India and Kyrgyzstan

• Host: Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan

• Aim: Enhancing special forces interoperability, focusing on urban warfare and counter-terrorism under the UN mandate.

• Exercise Dharma Guardian 2025

• Nations Involved: India and Japan Host: East Fuji Training Area, Japan Aim: Improving joint counter-terror operations, disaster relief drills, and military synergy in the Indo-Pacific.

• Nations Involved: India and Japan

• Host: East Fuji Training Area, Japan

• Aim: Improving joint counter-terror operations, disaster relief drills, and military synergy in the Indo-Pacific.

Solution: C

About Military Exercise in News:

• Exercise Bongosagar 2025

• Nations Involved: India and Bangladesh Host: Bay of Bengal Aim: Strengthening maritime security, tactical planning, and operational coordination.

• Nations Involved: India and Bangladesh

• Host: Bay of Bengal

• Aim: Strengthening maritime security, tactical planning, and operational coordination.

• Exercise Khanjar-XII 2025

• Nations Involved: India and Kyrgyzstan Host: Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan Aim: Enhancing special forces interoperability, focusing on urban warfare and counter-terrorism under the UN mandate.

• Nations Involved: India and Kyrgyzstan

• Host: Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan

• Aim: Enhancing special forces interoperability, focusing on urban warfare and counter-terrorism under the UN mandate.

• Exercise Dharma Guardian 2025

• Nations Involved: India and Japan Host: East Fuji Training Area, Japan Aim: Improving joint counter-terror operations, disaster relief drills, and military synergy in the Indo-Pacific.

• Nations Involved: India and Japan

• Host: East Fuji Training Area, Japan

• Aim: Improving joint counter-terror operations, disaster relief drills, and military synergy in the Indo-Pacific.

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about Ashokan Edict Sites included in the UNESCO Tentative List: These sites include rock edicts and pillar inscriptions commissioned by Emperor Ashoka. The edicts are primarily written in Tamil and Sanskrit, reflecting Mauryan influence in South India. The purpose of these edicts was to promote Dhamma (moral values) and governance policies. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: B Explanation: Statement 1 is correct – Ashokan edicts were inscriptions on rocks and pillars across the Mauryan Empire. Statement 2 is incorrect – The edicts were primarily written in Prakrit and Brahmi script, not Tamil or Sanskrit. Statement 3 is correct – The edicts spread the message of Dhamma (moral governance) and non-violence. Incorrect Solution: B Explanation: Statement 1 is correct – Ashokan edicts were inscriptions on rocks and pillars across the Mauryan Empire. Statement 2 is incorrect – The edicts were primarily written in Prakrit and Brahmi script, not Tamil or Sanskrit. Statement 3 is correct – The edicts spread the message of Dhamma (moral governance) and non-violence.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements about Ashokan Edict Sites included in the UNESCO Tentative List:

• These sites include rock edicts and pillar inscriptions commissioned by Emperor Ashoka.

• The edicts are primarily written in Tamil and Sanskrit, reflecting Mauryan influence in South India.

• The purpose of these edicts was to promote Dhamma (moral values) and governance policies.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: B

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct – Ashokan edicts were inscriptions on rocks and pillars across the Mauryan Empire.

• Statement 2 is incorrect – The edicts were primarily written in Prakrit and Brahmi script, not Tamil or Sanskrit.

• Statement 3 is correct – The edicts spread the message of Dhamma (moral governance) and non-violence.

Solution: B

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct – Ashokan edicts were inscriptions on rocks and pillars across the Mauryan Empire.

• Statement 2 is incorrect – The edicts were primarily written in Prakrit and Brahmi script, not Tamil or Sanskrit.

• Statement 3 is correct – The edicts spread the message of Dhamma (moral governance) and non-violence.

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Which of the following geographical features is unique to Balochistan compared to other regions of Pakistan? (a) The Indus River Delta, supporting extensive mangrove forests (b) The Potwar Plateau, rich in fossil remains and oil reserves (c) The Salt Range, known for its vast rock salt deposits (d) The Bolan Pass, an ancient trade route connecting the Indian subcontinent to Central Asia Correct Solution: D Explanation: Option a is incorrect – The Indus River Delta is not in Balochistan but in Sindh. Option b is incorrect – The Potwar Plateau is in northern Pakistan. Option c is incorrect – The Salt Range is located in Punjab, not Balochistan. Option d is correct – The Bolan Pass is a crucial trade route in Balochistan, historically connecting South Asia to Central Asia. About Balochistan: Situated in: Western Pakistan, forming its largest and most sparsely populated province. Borders: Iran (west), Afghanistan (northwest), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab (northeast and east), Sindh (southeast), and the Arabian Sea (south). Historical Background Ancient Inhabitants: Passed through the Stone and Bronze Ages and was part of Alexander the Great’s empire. Baloch Migration: The Baloch people arrived in the 14th century CE, integrating with existing populations. Colonial & Post-Colonial Era: Became part of British India and later Pakistan in 1947. Balochistan was formally declared a separate province in 1970. Geographical Features: Mountains: Sulaiman Range: Forms the eastern boundary, extending into Afghanistan. Toba Kakar Range: Located in the northwest, forming a natural border. Makran, Kharan, Chagai Ranges: Predominantly in western Balochistan, extending towards Iran. Rivers & Water Bodies: Hingol River: Largest River in Balochistan, draining into the Arabian Sea. Dasht River: Major River in southwestern Balochistan. Deserts & Plains: Chagai & Kharan Deserts: Arid, barren regions in northwestern Balochistan. Makran Coastal Belt: Extends along the Arabian Sea, known for Gwadar Port and strategic importance. Bolan Pass: A historically significant route connecting Balochistan to Afghanistan. Incorrect Solution: D Explanation: Option a is incorrect – The Indus River Delta is not in Balochistan but in Sindh. Option b is incorrect – The Potwar Plateau is in northern Pakistan. Option c is incorrect – The Salt Range is located in Punjab, not Balochistan. Option d is correct – The Bolan Pass is a crucial trade route in Balochistan, historically connecting South Asia to Central Asia. About Balochistan: Situated in: Western Pakistan, forming its largest and most sparsely populated province. Borders: Iran (west), Afghanistan (northwest), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab (northeast and east), Sindh (southeast), and the Arabian Sea (south). Historical Background Ancient Inhabitants: Passed through the Stone and Bronze Ages and was part of Alexander the Great’s empire. Baloch Migration: The Baloch people arrived in the 14th century CE, integrating with existing populations. Colonial & Post-Colonial Era: Became part of British India and later Pakistan in 1947. Balochistan was formally declared a separate province in 1970. Geographical Features: Mountains: Sulaiman Range: Forms the eastern boundary, extending into Afghanistan. Toba Kakar Range: Located in the northwest, forming a natural border. Makran, Kharan, Chagai Ranges: Predominantly in western Balochistan, extending towards Iran. Rivers & Water Bodies: Hingol River: Largest River in Balochistan, draining into the Arabian Sea. Dasht River: Major River in southwestern Balochistan. Deserts & Plains: Chagai & Kharan Deserts: Arid, barren regions in northwestern Balochistan. Makran Coastal Belt: Extends along the Arabian Sea, known for Gwadar Port and strategic importance. Bolan Pass: A historically significant route connecting Balochistan to Afghanistan.

#### 9. Question

Which of the following geographical features is unique to Balochistan compared to other regions of Pakistan?

• (a) The Indus River Delta, supporting extensive mangrove forests

• (b) The Potwar Plateau, rich in fossil remains and oil reserves

• (c) The Salt Range, known for its vast rock salt deposits

• (d) The Bolan Pass, an ancient trade route connecting the Indian subcontinent to Central Asia

Solution: D

Explanation:

• Option a is incorrect – The Indus River Delta is not in Balochistan but in Sindh.

• Option b is incorrect – The Potwar Plateau is in northern Pakistan.

• Option c is incorrect – The Salt Range is located in Punjab, not Balochistan.

• Option d is correct – The Bolan Pass is a crucial trade route in Balochistan, historically connecting South Asia to Central Asia.

About Balochistan:

• Situated in: Western Pakistan, forming its largest and most sparsely populated province.

• Borders: Iran (west), Afghanistan (northwest), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab (northeast and east), Sindh (southeast), and the Arabian Sea (south).

Historical Background

• Ancient Inhabitants: Passed through the Stone and Bronze Ages and was part of Alexander the Great’s empire.

• Baloch Migration: The Baloch people arrived in the 14th century CE, integrating with existing populations.

• Colonial & Post-Colonial Era: Became part of British India and later Pakistan in 1947. Balochistan was formally declared a separate province in 1970.

Geographical Features:

• Mountains: Sulaiman Range: Forms the eastern boundary, extending into Afghanistan. Toba Kakar Range: Located in the northwest, forming a natural border. Makran, Kharan, Chagai Ranges: Predominantly in western Balochistan, extending towards Iran.

• Sulaiman Range: Forms the eastern boundary, extending into Afghanistan.

• Toba Kakar Range: Located in the northwest, forming a natural border.

• Makran, Kharan, Chagai Ranges: Predominantly in western Balochistan, extending towards Iran.

• Rivers & Water Bodies: Hingol River: Largest River in Balochistan, draining into the Arabian Sea. Dasht River: Major River in southwestern Balochistan.

• Hingol River: Largest River in Balochistan, draining into the Arabian Sea.

• Dasht River: Major River in southwestern Balochistan.

• Deserts & Plains: Chagai & Kharan Deserts: Arid, barren regions in northwestern Balochistan. Makran Coastal Belt: Extends along the Arabian Sea, known for Gwadar Port and strategic importance. Bolan Pass: A historically significant route connecting Balochistan to Afghanistan.

• Chagai & Kharan Deserts: Arid, barren regions in northwestern Balochistan.

• Makran Coastal Belt: Extends along the Arabian Sea, known for Gwadar Port and strategic importance.

• Bolan Pass: A historically significant route connecting Balochistan to Afghanistan.

Solution: D

Explanation:

• Option a is incorrect – The Indus River Delta is not in Balochistan but in Sindh.

• Option b is incorrect – The Potwar Plateau is in northern Pakistan.

• Option c is incorrect – The Salt Range is located in Punjab, not Balochistan.

• Option d is correct – The Bolan Pass is a crucial trade route in Balochistan, historically connecting South Asia to Central Asia.

About Balochistan:

• Situated in: Western Pakistan, forming its largest and most sparsely populated province.

• Borders: Iran (west), Afghanistan (northwest), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab (northeast and east), Sindh (southeast), and the Arabian Sea (south).

Historical Background

• Ancient Inhabitants: Passed through the Stone and Bronze Ages and was part of Alexander the Great’s empire.

• Baloch Migration: The Baloch people arrived in the 14th century CE, integrating with existing populations.

• Colonial & Post-Colonial Era: Became part of British India and later Pakistan in 1947. Balochistan was formally declared a separate province in 1970.

Geographical Features:

• Mountains: Sulaiman Range: Forms the eastern boundary, extending into Afghanistan. Toba Kakar Range: Located in the northwest, forming a natural border. Makran, Kharan, Chagai Ranges: Predominantly in western Balochistan, extending towards Iran.

• Sulaiman Range: Forms the eastern boundary, extending into Afghanistan.

• Toba Kakar Range: Located in the northwest, forming a natural border.

• Makran, Kharan, Chagai Ranges: Predominantly in western Balochistan, extending towards Iran.

• Rivers & Water Bodies: Hingol River: Largest River in Balochistan, draining into the Arabian Sea. Dasht River: Major River in southwestern Balochistan.

• Hingol River: Largest River in Balochistan, draining into the Arabian Sea.

• Dasht River: Major River in southwestern Balochistan.

• Deserts & Plains: Chagai & Kharan Deserts: Arid, barren regions in northwestern Balochistan. Makran Coastal Belt: Extends along the Arabian Sea, known for Gwadar Port and strategic importance. Bolan Pass: A historically significant route connecting Balochistan to Afghanistan.

• Chagai & Kharan Deserts: Arid, barren regions in northwestern Balochistan.

• Makran Coastal Belt: Extends along the Arabian Sea, known for Gwadar Port and strategic importance.

• Bolan Pass: A historically significant route connecting Balochistan to Afghanistan.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Which of the following statements correctly describes the significance of the Digital Transformation Award 2025? (a) It is exclusively awarded to central banks in developed countries for their digital innovation. (b) The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) won the 2025 award for its digital initiatives ‘Saarathi’ and ‘Pravaah’. (c) The award is presented by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for excellence in digital banking reforms. (d) It is given annually to private financial institutions for their role in digital payment innovations. Correct Solution: B Explanation: Option a is incorrect – The award is not restricted to developed countries; it recognizes central banks globally. Option b is correct – RBI won the 2025 Digital Transformation Award for ‘Saarathi’ and ‘Pravaah’ digital initiatives. Option c is incorrect – The award is presented by Central Banking, London, not the IMF. Option d is incorrect – It is awarded to central banks and regulators, not private institutions. Incorrect Solution: B Explanation: Option a is incorrect – The award is not restricted to developed countries; it recognizes central banks globally. Option b is correct – RBI won the 2025 Digital Transformation Award for ‘Saarathi’ and ‘Pravaah’ digital initiatives. Option c is incorrect – The award is presented by Central Banking, London, not the IMF. Option d is incorrect – It is awarded to central banks and regulators, not private institutions.

#### 10. Question

Which of the following statements correctly describes the significance of the Digital Transformation Award 2025?

• (a) It is exclusively awarded to central banks in developed countries for their digital innovation.

• (b) The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) won the 2025 award for its digital initiatives ‘Saarathi’ and ‘Pravaah’.

• (c) The award is presented by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for excellence in digital banking reforms.

• (d) It is given annually to private financial institutions for their role in digital payment innovations.

Solution: B

Explanation:

• Option a is incorrect – The award is not restricted to developed countries; it recognizes central banks globally.

• Option b is correct – RBI won the 2025 Digital Transformation Award for ‘Saarathi’ and ‘Pravaah’ digital initiatives.

• Option c is incorrect – The award is presented by Central Banking, London, not the IMF.

• Option d is incorrect – It is awarded to central banks and regulators, not private institutions.

Solution: B

Explanation:

• Option a is incorrect – The award is not restricted to developed countries; it recognizes central banks globally.

• Option b is correct – RBI won the 2025 Digital Transformation Award for ‘Saarathi’ and ‘Pravaah’ digital initiatives.

• Option c is incorrect – The award is presented by Central Banking, London, not the IMF.

• Option d is incorrect – It is awarded to central banks and regulators, not private institutions.

Join our Official Telegram Channel HERE for Motivation and Fast Updates for

Join our Twitter Channel HERE

Follow our Instagram Channel HERE