UPSC Current Affairs Quiz :18 July 2025

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Prime Minister Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (PMDDKY): The scheme’s primary focus is to exclusively fund the development of post-harvest infrastructure at the national level. It aims to enhance agricultural output by addressing yield gaps through the infusion of technology and scientific farming practices. A key objective is to promote crop diversification towards climate-resilient and high-value agricultural produce. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect. The scheme does aim to enhance post-harvest infrastructure, but its focus is specified at the Panchayat/block-level, not the national level. The objective is to build grassroots infrastructure like cold storages to reduce wastage, rather than large-scale national projects. Statement 2 is correct. A central goal of the PMDDKY is to boost agricultural productivity in underperforming districts. It explicitly mentions closing “yield gaps using scientific practices and tech infusion” as a method to achieve this. This points to a direct intervention strategy to improve farm output. Statement 3 is correct. The scheme recognizes the challenges posed by climate change and market fluctuations. Promoting crop diversification away from monoculture and towards climate-resilient and high-value crops is a stated objective. This strategy aims to improve farm incomes and sustainability simultaneously. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect. The scheme does aim to enhance post-harvest infrastructure, but its focus is specified at the Panchayat/block-level, not the national level. The objective is to build grassroots infrastructure like cold storages to reduce wastage, rather than large-scale national projects. Statement 2 is correct. A central goal of the PMDDKY is to boost agricultural productivity in underperforming districts. It explicitly mentions closing “yield gaps using scientific practices and tech infusion” as a method to achieve this. This points to a direct intervention strategy to improve farm output. Statement 3 is correct. The scheme recognizes the challenges posed by climate change and market fluctuations. Promoting crop diversification away from monoculture and towards climate-resilient and high-value crops is a stated objective. This strategy aims to improve farm incomes and sustainability simultaneously.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Prime Minister Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (PMDDKY):

• The scheme’s primary focus is to exclusively fund the development of post-harvest infrastructure at the national level.

• It aims to enhance agricultural output by addressing yield gaps through the infusion of technology and scientific farming practices.

• A key objective is to promote crop diversification towards climate-resilient and high-value agricultural produce.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The scheme does aim to enhance post-harvest infrastructure, but its focus is specified at the Panchayat/block-level, not the national level. The objective is to build grassroots infrastructure like cold storages to reduce wastage, rather than large-scale national projects.

• Statement 2 is correct. A central goal of the PMDDKY is to boost agricultural productivity in underperforming districts. It explicitly mentions closing “yield gaps using scientific practices and tech infusion” as a method to achieve this. This points to a direct intervention strategy to improve farm output.

Statement 3 is correct. The scheme recognizes the challenges posed by climate change and market fluctuations. Promoting crop diversification away from monoculture and towards climate-resilient and high-value crops is a stated objective. This strategy aims to improve farm incomes and sustainability simultaneously.

Solution: B

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR): ICAR was established post-independence as a statutory body under an Act of Parliament to guide agricultural research. It functions as the apex body for coordinating, guiding, and managing research and education in agriculture and its allied sciences across India. The Union Minister of Agriculture serves as the ex-officio President of the ICAR. One of its key functions includes technology transfer and extension services, acting as a knowledge repository for farmers. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: C Statement 1 is incorrect. ICAR was founded on July 16, 1929, as the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, during the British colonial period, not post-independence. Furthermore, it is an autonomous body registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860, not a statutory body created by an Act of Parliament. Statement 2 is correct. ICAR’s role as the “apex body” responsible for the coordination of research and education in a wide range of fields, including agriculture, fisheries, animal husbandry, and agroforestry, on a national scale. Statement 3 is correct. The governance structure of ICAR specifies that the Union Minister for Agriculture is the ex-officio President of the Council. Statement 4 is correct. Beyond research, ICAR has a significant mandate for extension services. It acts as a “central knowledge hub” to ensure that the technologies and practices developed in laboratories reach the farmers through various outreach programs, publications, and collaborations. Incorrect Solution: C Statement 1 is incorrect. ICAR was founded on July 16, 1929, as the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, during the British colonial period, not post-independence. Furthermore, it is an autonomous body registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860, not a statutory body created by an Act of Parliament. Statement 2 is correct. ICAR’s role as the “apex body” responsible for the coordination of research and education in a wide range of fields, including agriculture, fisheries, animal husbandry, and agroforestry, on a national scale. Statement 3 is correct. The governance structure of ICAR specifies that the Union Minister for Agriculture is the ex-officio President of the Council. Statement 4 is correct. Beyond research, ICAR has a significant mandate for extension services. It acts as a “central knowledge hub” to ensure that the technologies and practices developed in laboratories reach the farmers through various outreach programs, publications, and collaborations.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR):

• ICAR was established post-independence as a statutory body under an Act of Parliament to guide agricultural research.

• It functions as the apex body for coordinating, guiding, and managing research and education in agriculture and its allied sciences across India.

• The Union Minister of Agriculture serves as the ex-officio President of the ICAR.

• One of its key functions includes technology transfer and extension services, acting as a knowledge repository for farmers.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: C

• Statement 1 is incorrect. ICAR was founded on July 16, 1929, as the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, during the British colonial period, not post-independence. Furthermore, it is an autonomous body registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860, not a statutory body created by an Act of Parliament.

• Statement 2 is correct. ICAR’s role as the “apex body” responsible for the coordination of research and education in a wide range of fields, including agriculture, fisheries, animal husbandry, and agroforestry, on a national scale.

• Statement 3 is correct. The governance structure of ICAR specifies that the Union Minister for Agriculture is the ex-officio President of the Council.

Statement 4 is correct. Beyond research, ICAR has a significant mandate for extension services. It acts as a “central knowledge hub” to ensure that the technologies and practices developed in laboratories reach the farmers through various outreach programs, publications, and collaborations.

Solution: C

• Statement 3 is correct. The governance structure of ICAR specifies that the Union Minister for Agriculture is the ex-officio President of the Council.

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Which of the following is the most significant reason for preferring splashdown landings for modern crewed space capsules like SpaceX’s Crew Dragon and ISRO’s Gaganyaan? (a) Water landings allow for the recovery of the spacecraft at a much faster rate. (b) The ocean provides a natural and effective cushion, simplifying the spacecraft's design by eliminating the need for complex landing legs and retro-propulsion systems. (c) Splashdowns ensure that the heat shield of the spacecraft cools down more rapidly upon contact with water. (d) Ocean landing sites are geographically closer to major space launch centers, reducing logistical overheads. Correct Solution: B Option (a) is incorrect; ocean recovery can be a complex and time-consuming operation involving ships and helicopters, often slower than a runway landing. Option (b) is the core reason. Water’s high density and ability to displace makes it an excellent medium for absorbing the kinetic energy of the descending capsule. This inherent cushioning effect means engineers do not need to design, build, and test heavy and complex systems like landing legs (as seen on the Space Shuttle) or precision retro-propulsion for a soft landing on land (as proposed for some future reusable rockets). This simplification reduces the overall mass, cost, and points of potential failure for the capsule, making the entire system safer and more cost-effective. Option (c) is a secondary effect but not the primary driver for the design choice. Heat shields are designed to withstand re-entry temperatures regardless of the final landing method. Option (d) is incorrect. Landing zones in the ocean can be vast and are chosen for safety and recovery logistics, not necessarily for proximity to launch sites. Incorrect Solution: B Option (a) is incorrect; ocean recovery can be a complex and time-consuming operation involving ships and helicopters, often slower than a runway landing. Option (b) is the core reason. Water’s high density and ability to displace makes it an excellent medium for absorbing the kinetic energy of the descending capsule. This inherent cushioning effect means engineers do not need to design, build, and test heavy and complex systems like landing legs (as seen on the Space Shuttle) or precision retro-propulsion for a soft landing on land (as proposed for some future reusable rockets). This simplification reduces the overall mass, cost, and points of potential failure for the capsule, making the entire system safer and more cost-effective. Option (c) is a secondary effect but not the primary driver for the design choice. Heat shields are designed to withstand re-entry temperatures regardless of the final landing method. Option (d) is incorrect. Landing zones in the ocean can be vast and are chosen for safety and recovery logistics, not necessarily for proximity to launch sites.

#### 3. Question

Which of the following is the most significant reason for preferring splashdown landings for modern crewed space capsules like SpaceX’s Crew Dragon and ISRO’s Gaganyaan?

• (a) Water landings allow for the recovery of the spacecraft at a much faster rate.

• (b) The ocean provides a natural and effective cushion, simplifying the spacecraft's design by eliminating the need for complex landing legs and retro-propulsion systems.

• (c) Splashdowns ensure that the heat shield of the spacecraft cools down more rapidly upon contact with water.

• (d) Ocean landing sites are geographically closer to major space launch centers, reducing logistical overheads.

Solution: B

• Option (a) is incorrect; ocean recovery can be a complex and time-consuming operation involving ships and helicopters, often slower than a runway landing.

• Option (b) is the core reason. Water’s high density and ability to displace makes it an excellent medium for absorbing the kinetic energy of the descending capsule. This inherent cushioning effect means engineers do not need to design, build, and test heavy and complex systems like landing legs (as seen on the Space Shuttle) or precision retro-propulsion for a soft landing on land (as proposed for some future reusable rockets). This simplification reduces the overall mass, cost, and points of potential failure for the capsule, making the entire system safer and more cost-effective.

• Option (c) is a secondary effect but not the primary driver for the design choice. Heat shields are designed to withstand re-entry temperatures regardless of the final landing method.

• Option (d) is incorrect. Landing zones in the ocean can be vast and are chosen for safety and recovery logistics, not necessarily for proximity to launch sites.

Solution: B

• Option (a) is incorrect; ocean recovery can be a complex and time-consuming operation involving ships and helicopters, often slower than a runway landing.

• Option (c) is a secondary effect but not the primary driver for the design choice. Heat shields are designed to withstand re-entry temperatures regardless of the final landing method.

• Option (d) is incorrect. Landing zones in the ocean can be vast and are chosen for safety and recovery logistics, not necessarily for proximity to launch sites.

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points With reference to the Gujarat Tribal Genome Sequencing Project, consider the following statements: The project is the first of its kind in the world to focus on the genome sequencing of a tribal population. It aims to create a comprehensive genetic database to enable personalized healthcare and early detection of hereditary diseases like sickle cell anaemia. The project is implemented by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) with funding from the Central Government. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect. While it is the first such project in India, several other countries and research consortiums have undertaken genome sequencing projects for their indigenous and tribal populations. Statement 2 is correct. By sequencing the genomes of 2,000 tribal individuals, the project intends to build a reference database. This database will be crucial for identifying genetic markers associated with inherited disorders prevalent in these communities, such as sickle cell anaemia and thalassemia. This enables a shift towards precision medicine, with tailored treatments and early screening protocols. Statement 3 is incorrect. The project is being implemented by the Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), a state-level institution, not the national-level ICMR. It is a state-launched initiative, highlighting a decentralized approach to public health research. Therefore, only statement 2 is correct. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect. While it is the first such project in India, several other countries and research consortiums have undertaken genome sequencing projects for their indigenous and tribal populations. Statement 2 is correct. By sequencing the genomes of 2,000 tribal individuals, the project intends to build a reference database. This database will be crucial for identifying genetic markers associated with inherited disorders prevalent in these communities, such as sickle cell anaemia and thalassemia. This enables a shift towards precision medicine, with tailored treatments and early screening protocols. Statement 3 is incorrect. The project is being implemented by the Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), a state-level institution, not the national-level ICMR. It is a state-launched initiative, highlighting a decentralized approach to public health research. Therefore, only statement 2 is correct.

#### 4. Question

With reference to the Gujarat Tribal Genome Sequencing Project, consider the following statements:

• The project is the first of its kind in the world to focus on the genome sequencing of a tribal population.

• It aims to create a comprehensive genetic database to enable personalized healthcare and early detection of hereditary diseases like sickle cell anaemia.

• The project is implemented by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) with funding from the Central Government.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is incorrect. While it is the first such project in India, several other countries and research consortiums have undertaken genome sequencing projects for their indigenous and tribal populations.

• Statement 2 is correct. By sequencing the genomes of 2,000 tribal individuals, the project intends to build a reference database. This database will be crucial for identifying genetic markers associated with inherited disorders prevalent in these communities, such as sickle cell anaemia and thalassemia. This enables a shift towards precision medicine, with tailored treatments and early screening protocols.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The project is being implemented by the Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), a state-level institution, not the national-level ICMR. It is a state-launched initiative, highlighting a decentralized approach to public health research. Therefore, only statement 2 is correct.

Solution: A

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements. Statement-I: The celebration of AI Appreciation Day in India marks a culmination of decades of foundational work in computational research. Statement-II: India’s current progress in applying AI in sectors like healthcare and agriculture is a direct result of recent initiatives like ‘Digital India’ and the National Strategy for AI, with no significant historical antecedents. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: C Statement-I is correct. The current surge in AI is built upon a long history of research. India’s AI journey began as early as the 1960s with early computing research and was significantly advanced by programs like the Knowledge-Based Computer Systems (KBCS) project in 1986. Therefore, celebrating AI today is a recognition of this long-term foundational work. Statement-II is incorrect. India has a history of AI-related research pre-dating recent flagship programs. While initiatives like ‘Digital India’ (2015) and the National Strategy for AI (2018) have undoubtedly accelerated and institutionalized AI adoption, they built upon an existing base of research and expertise. Incorrect Solution: C Statement-I is correct. The current surge in AI is built upon a long history of research. India’s AI journey began as early as the 1960s with early computing research and was significantly advanced by programs like the Knowledge-Based Computer Systems (KBCS) project in 1986. Therefore, celebrating AI today is a recognition of this long-term foundational work. Statement-II is incorrect. India has a history of AI-related research pre-dating recent flagship programs. While initiatives like ‘Digital India’ (2015) and the National Strategy for AI (2018) have undoubtedly accelerated and institutionalized AI adoption, they built upon an existing base of research and expertise.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements.

Statement-I: The celebration of AI Appreciation Day in India marks a culmination of decades of foundational work in computational research.

Statement-II: India’s current progress in applying AI in sectors like healthcare and agriculture is a direct result of recent initiatives like ‘Digital India’ and the National Strategy for AI, with no significant historical antecedents.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: C

• Statement-I is correct. The current surge in AI is built upon a long history of research. India’s AI journey began as early as the 1960s with early computing research and was significantly advanced by programs like the Knowledge-Based Computer Systems (KBCS) project in 1986. Therefore, celebrating AI today is a recognition of this long-term foundational work.

Statement-II is incorrect. India has a history of AI-related research pre-dating recent flagship programs. While initiatives like ‘Digital India’ (2015) and the National Strategy for AI (2018) have undoubtedly accelerated and institutionalized AI adoption, they built upon an existing base of research and expertise.

Solution: C

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Match the geographical feature in List-I with its corresponding location in List-II and the associated issue in List-III. List I (Feature) List II (Location) List III (Associated Issue) A. Spratly Islands 1. North of South China Sea 1. Major shipping lane connecting Pacific and Indian Oceans B. Strait of Malacca 2. Central South China Sea 2. Territorial disputes involving China, Vietnam, Philippines C. Luzon Strait 3. Between Malay Peninsula and Sumatra 3. Connects South China Sea to the Philippine Sea and Pacific Ocean Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) A-3-1, B-2-2, C-1-3 (b) A-1-2, B-2-1, C-3-3 (c) A-2-2, B-1-3, C-3-1 (d) A-2-2, B-3-1, C-1-3 Correct Solution: D Spratly Islands (A) are located in the central part of the South China Sea (2) and are a major flashpoint for territorial disputes involving multiple claimants, including China, Vietnam, and the Philippines (2). This makes the combination A-2-2 correct. The Strait of Malacca (B) is located between the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian island of Sumatra (3). It is one of the world’s most important choke-points and a major shipping lane connecting the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean (1). This makes the combination B-3-1 correct. The Luzon Strait (C) is located to the north of the South China Sea (1), between Taiwan and the Luzon island of the Philippines. It serves as the primary gateway connecting the South China Sea to the Philippine Sea and the wider Pacific Ocean (3). This makes the combination C-1-3 correct. Incorrect Solution: D Spratly Islands (A) are located in the central part of the South China Sea (2) and are a major flashpoint for territorial disputes involving multiple claimants, including China, Vietnam, and the Philippines (2). This makes the combination A-2-2 correct. The Strait of Malacca (B) is located between the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian island of Sumatra (3). It is one of the world’s most important choke-points and a major shipping lane connecting the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean (1). This makes the combination B-3-1 correct. The Luzon Strait (C) is located to the north of the South China Sea (1), between Taiwan and the Luzon island of the Philippines. It serves as the primary gateway connecting the South China Sea to the Philippine Sea and the wider Pacific Ocean (3). This makes the combination C-1-3 correct.

#### 6. Question

Match the geographical feature in List-I with its corresponding location in List-II and the associated issue in List-III.

List I (Feature) | List II (Location) | List III (Associated Issue)

A. Spratly Islands | 1. North of South China Sea | 1. Major shipping lane connecting Pacific and Indian Oceans

B. Strait of Malacca | 2. Central South China Sea | 2. Territorial disputes involving China, Vietnam, Philippines

C. Luzon Strait | 3. Between Malay Peninsula and Sumatra | 3. Connects South China Sea to the Philippine Sea and Pacific Ocean

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• (a) A-3-1, B-2-2, C-1-3

• (b) A-1-2, B-2-1, C-3-3

• (c) A-2-2, B-1-3, C-3-1

• (d) A-2-2, B-3-1, C-1-3

Solution: D

• Spratly Islands (A) are located in the central part of the South China Sea (2) and are a major flashpoint for territorial disputes involving multiple claimants, including China, Vietnam, and the Philippines (2). This makes the combination A-2-2 correct.

• The Strait of Malacca (B) is located between the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian island of Sumatra (3). It is one of the world’s most important choke-points and a major shipping lane connecting the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean (1). This makes the combination B-3-1 correct.

• The Luzon Strait (C) is located to the north of the South China Sea (1), between Taiwan and the Luzon island of the Philippines. It serves as the primary gateway connecting the South China Sea to the Philippine Sea and the wider Pacific Ocean (3). This makes the combination C-1-3 correct.

Solution: D

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points The Union Cabinet’s special investment exemption for NLC India Limited (NLCIL) is significant primarily because it: (a) Transfers the ownership of NLCIL from the Ministry of Coal to the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. (b) Allows NLCIL to bypass environmental clearances for its renewable energy projects. (c) Enables NLCIL to aggressively expand its renewable energy portfolio by waiving the standard investment caps imposed on Navratna CPSEs. (d) Sanctions the first-ever joint venture between a CPSE and a foreign company in the Indian renewable energy sector. Correct Solution: C Option (a) is incorrect. NLCIL (formerly Neyveli Lignite Corporation India Limited) remains under the Ministry of Coal. Option (b) is incorrect. The exemption is related to investment approvals, not environmental regulations. All projects must still adhere to the standard environmental impact assessment and clearance procedures. Option (c) is correct. The central feature of this exemption is the removal of financial constraints. Navratna Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) normally face a ceiling on investments they can make without prior government approval (specifically, a waiver of the 30% net worth ceiling). By granting a ₹7,000 crore exemption, the government is unleashing NLCIL’s financial capacity to rapidly invest in its renewable energy subsidiary, NIRL. This move is designed to fast-track India’s green energy expansion by leveraging the financial strength of a successful CPSE. Option (d) is incorrect. NIRL can invest through Joint Ventures (JVs). Incorrect Solution: C Option (a) is incorrect. NLCIL (formerly Neyveli Lignite Corporation India Limited) remains under the Ministry of Coal. Option (b) is incorrect. The exemption is related to investment approvals, not environmental regulations. All projects must still adhere to the standard environmental impact assessment and clearance procedures. Option (c) is correct. The central feature of this exemption is the removal of financial constraints. Navratna Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) normally face a ceiling on investments they can make without prior government approval (specifically, a waiver of the 30% net worth ceiling). By granting a ₹7,000 crore exemption, the government is unleashing NLCIL’s financial capacity to rapidly invest in its renewable energy subsidiary, NIRL. This move is designed to fast-track India’s green energy expansion by leveraging the financial strength of a successful CPSE. Option (d) is incorrect. NIRL can invest through Joint Ventures (JVs).

#### 7. Question

The Union Cabinet’s special investment exemption for NLC India Limited (NLCIL) is significant primarily because it:

• (a) Transfers the ownership of NLCIL from the Ministry of Coal to the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.

• (b) Allows NLCIL to bypass environmental clearances for its renewable energy projects.

• (c) Enables NLCIL to aggressively expand its renewable energy portfolio by waiving the standard investment caps imposed on Navratna CPSEs.

• (d) Sanctions the first-ever joint venture between a CPSE and a foreign company in the Indian renewable energy sector.

Solution: C

• Option (a) is incorrect. NLCIL (formerly Neyveli Lignite Corporation India Limited) remains under the Ministry of Coal.

• Option (b) is incorrect. The exemption is related to investment approvals, not environmental regulations. All projects must still adhere to the standard environmental impact assessment and clearance procedures.

• Option (c) is correct. The central feature of this exemption is the removal of financial constraints. Navratna Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) normally face a ceiling on investments they can make without prior government approval (specifically, a waiver of the 30% net worth ceiling). By granting a ₹7,000 crore exemption, the government is unleashing NLCIL’s financial capacity to rapidly invest in its renewable energy subsidiary, NIRL. This move is designed to fast-track India’s green energy expansion by leveraging the financial strength of a successful CPSE.

• Option (d) is incorrect. NIRL can invest through Joint Ventures (JVs).

Solution: C

• Option (a) is incorrect. NLCIL (formerly Neyveli Lignite Corporation India Limited) remains under the Ministry of Coal.

• Option (d) is incorrect. NIRL can invest through Joint Ventures (JVs).

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Match the following organizations with their respective headquarters: List I (Organization) List II (Headquarters) A. NLC India Limited (NLCIL) 1. New Delhi B. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) 2. Ahmedabad C. Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC) 3. Neyveli 4. Gandhinagar Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) A-3, B-1, C-4 (b) A-1, B-3, C-2 (c) A-3, B-1, C-2 (d) A-1, B-2, C-4 Correct Solution: A NLC India Limited (NLCIL) (A) is a major public sector undertaking whose operations are centered around the lignite mines in Tamil Nadu. Its headquarters are located in Neyveli (3), Tamil Nadu. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) (B) is the apex national body for agricultural research and education. Its headquarters, coordinating a vast network of institutes, are located in New Delhi (1). Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC) (C) is the state-level institution implementing the Tribal Genome Sequencing Project. As a key research center of the Government of Gujarat, it is located in the state’s capital, Gandhinagar (4). Incorrect Solution: A NLC India Limited (NLCIL) (A) is a major public sector undertaking whose operations are centered around the lignite mines in Tamil Nadu. Its headquarters are located in Neyveli (3), Tamil Nadu. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) (B) is the apex national body for agricultural research and education. Its headquarters, coordinating a vast network of institutes, are located in New Delhi (1). Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC) (C) is the state-level institution implementing the Tribal Genome Sequencing Project. As a key research center of the Government of Gujarat, it is located in the state’s capital, Gandhinagar (4).

#### 8. Question

Match the following organizations with their respective headquarters:

List I (Organization) | List II (Headquarters)

A. NLC India Limited (NLCIL) | 1. New Delhi

B. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) | 2. Ahmedabad

C. Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC) | 3. Neyveli

| 4. Gandhinagar

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• (a) A-3, B-1, C-4

• (b) A-1, B-3, C-2

• (c) A-3, B-1, C-2

• (d) A-1, B-2, C-4

Solution: A

• NLC India Limited (NLCIL) (A) is a major public sector undertaking whose operations are centered around the lignite mines in Tamil Nadu. Its headquarters are located in Neyveli (3), Tamil Nadu.

• Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) (B) is the apex national body for agricultural research and education. Its headquarters, coordinating a vast network of institutes, are located in New Delhi (1).

Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC) (C) is the state-level institution implementing the Tribal Genome Sequencing Project. As a key research center of the Government of Gujarat, it is located in the state’s capital, Gandhinagar (4).

Solution: A

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points With regard to AI Appreciation Day in India, consider the following statements: The event’s primary objective is to celebrate the commercial success of AI startups and their contribution to the digital economy. It commemorates the launch of the National Strategy for AI by NITI Aayog. A key focus of the day is to promote ethical reflection on AI, addressing issues of bias, transparency, and responsible use. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (a) Only one (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect. While strengthening the digital economy is a result of AI adoption, the day’s primary objective is much broader. It focuses on recognizing AI’s transformative role in society and its application for public good in sectors like healthcare, education, and governance, not just its commercial success. Statement 2 is incorrect. The National Strategy for AI is as an annual event observed globally and now in India to recognize AI’s role, without a specific commemorative origin. Statement 3 is correct. The celebration is not just about the technological and economic benefits of AI. It is also explicitly a moment for ethical reflection. The day serves as a “reminder to foster responsible AI use, especially in addressing bias, transparency, and cybersecurity.” This underscores a mature approach to technological adoption, acknowledging both its promise and its perils. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect. While strengthening the digital economy is a result of AI adoption, the day’s primary objective is much broader. It focuses on recognizing AI’s transformative role in society and its application for public good in sectors like healthcare, education, and governance, not just its commercial success. Statement 2 is incorrect. The National Strategy for AI is as an annual event observed globally and now in India to recognize AI’s role, without a specific commemorative origin. Statement 3 is correct. The celebration is not just about the technological and economic benefits of AI. It is also explicitly a moment for ethical reflection. The day serves as a “reminder to foster responsible AI use, especially in addressing bias, transparency, and cybersecurity.” This underscores a mature approach to technological adoption, acknowledging both its promise and its perils.

#### 9. Question

With regard to AI Appreciation Day in India, consider the following statements:

• The event’s primary objective is to celebrate the commercial success of AI startups and their contribution to the digital economy.

• It commemorates the launch of the National Strategy for AI by NITI Aayog.

• A key focus of the day is to promote ethical reflection on AI, addressing issues of bias, transparency, and responsible use.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (c) All three

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is incorrect. While strengthening the digital economy is a result of AI adoption, the day’s primary objective is much broader. It focuses on recognizing AI’s transformative role in society and its application for public good in sectors like healthcare, education, and governance, not just its commercial success.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. The National Strategy for AI is as an annual event observed globally and now in India to recognize AI’s role, without a specific commemorative origin.

Statement 3 is correct. The celebration is not just about the technological and economic benefits of AI. It is also explicitly a moment for ethical reflection. The day serves as a “reminder to foster responsible AI use, especially in addressing bias, transparency, and cybersecurity.” This underscores a mature approach to technological adoption, acknowledging both its promise and its perils.

Solution: A

• Statement 2 is incorrect. The National Strategy for AI is as an annual event observed globally and now in India to recognize AI’s role, without a specific commemorative origin.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Druze community: The Druze are an ethno-religious group with their largest global population residing in Israel. Their religious beliefs are a well-documented and openly practiced branch of Shia Islam. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: D Statement 1 is incorrect. The largest Druze population is in Syria (~50%), not Israel. Statement 2 is incorrect. While their roots are in Shia Islam, their beliefs are described as unique and secretive, not well-documented or openly practiced. This distinction is a key aspect of their identity. Who Are the Druze? The Druze are an Arabic-speaking ethno-religious group with roots in Shia Islam, though their beliefs are unique and secretive. Population: ~1 million globally. Largest populations in Syria (~50%), Lebanon, Israel, and Golan Heights. In Israel, Druze serve in the military and are considered loyal citizens. In Syria, they historically maintained autonomy through local militias and resisted integration into state forces. Incorrect Solution: D Statement 1 is incorrect. The largest Druze population is in Syria (~50%), not Israel. Statement 2 is incorrect. While their roots are in Shia Islam, their beliefs are described as unique and secretive, not well-documented or openly practiced. This distinction is a key aspect of their identity. Who Are the Druze? The Druze are an Arabic-speaking ethno-religious group with roots in Shia Islam, though their beliefs are unique and secretive. Population: ~1 million globally. Largest populations in Syria (~50%), Lebanon, Israel, and Golan Heights. In Israel, Druze serve in the military and are considered loyal citizens. In Syria, they historically maintained autonomy through local militias and resisted integration into state forces.

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements about the Druze community:

• The Druze are an ethno-religious group with their largest global population residing in Israel.

• Their religious beliefs are a well-documented and openly practiced branch of Shia Islam.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: D

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The largest Druze population is in Syria (~50%), not Israel.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. While their roots are in Shia Islam, their beliefs are described as unique and secretive, not well-documented or openly practiced. This distinction is a key aspect of their identity.

Who Are the Druze?

• The Druze are an Arabic-speaking ethno-religious group with roots in Shia Islam, though their beliefs are unique and secretive.

• Population: ~1 million globally. Largest populations in Syria (~50%), Lebanon, Israel, and Golan Heights.

• ~1 million globally.

• Largest populations in Syria (~50%), Lebanon, Israel, and Golan Heights.

• In Israel, Druze serve in the military and are considered loyal citizens.

• In Syria, they historically maintained autonomy through local militias and resisted integration into state forces.

Solution: D

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The largest Druze population is in Syria (~50%), not Israel.

Who Are the Druze?

• The Druze are an Arabic-speaking ethno-religious group with roots in Shia Islam, though their beliefs are unique and secretive.

• Population: ~1 million globally. Largest populations in Syria (~50%), Lebanon, Israel, and Golan Heights.

• ~1 million globally.

• Largest populations in Syria (~50%), Lebanon, Israel, and Golan Heights.

• In Israel, Druze serve in the military and are considered loyal citizens.

• In Syria, they historically maintained autonomy through local militias and resisted integration into state forces.

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