UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 18 April 2025
Kartavya Desk Staff
The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.
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⢠Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the New Development Bank (NDB): It provides funding exclusively to BRICS member countries. It issues local currency bonds in member countries to support de-dollarization. It offers project loans in both sovereign and non-sovereign forms. How many of the above statements are incorrect? a) only one b) only two c) all three d) none Correct Solution: a) The New Development Bank (NDB), originally established by the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), aims to support infrastructure and sustainable development projects. Statement 1 is incorrect because NDBâs membership has expanded beyond BRICS to include countries like Bangladesh, the UAE, Egypt, and Uruguay, and it funds projects in these countries as wellâhence, its operations are not exclusive to BRICS members. Statement 2 is correct: NDB actively supports de-dollarization by issuing local currency bonds (such as masala bonds in India and yuan bonds in China), reducing reliance on the US dollar and mitigating foreign exchange risks. Statement 3 is also correct: NDB provides both sovereign loans (to governments) and non-sovereign loans (to private or sub-sovereign entities), which broadens its development financing scope. Incorrect Solution: a) The New Development Bank (NDB), originally established by the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), aims to support infrastructure and sustainable development projects. Statement 1 is incorrect because NDBâs membership has expanded beyond BRICS to include countries like Bangladesh, the UAE, Egypt, and Uruguay, and it funds projects in these countries as wellâhence, its operations are not exclusive to BRICS members. Statement 2 is correct: NDB actively supports de-dollarization by issuing local currency bonds (such as masala bonds in India and yuan bonds in China), reducing reliance on the US dollar and mitigating foreign exchange risks. Statement 3 is also correct: NDB provides both sovereign loans (to governments) and non-sovereign loans (to private or sub-sovereign entities), which broadens its development financing scope.
#### 1. Question
Consider the following statements about the New Development Bank (NDB):
⢠It provides funding exclusively to BRICS member countries.
⢠It issues local currency bonds in member countries to support de-dollarization.
⢠It offers project loans in both sovereign and non-sovereign forms.
How many of the above statements are incorrect?
⢠a) only one
⢠b) only two
⢠c) all three
Solution: a)
⢠The New Development Bank (NDB), originally established by the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), aims to support infrastructure and sustainable development projects.
⢠Statement 1 is incorrect because NDBâs membership has expanded beyond BRICS to include countries like Bangladesh, the UAE, Egypt, and Uruguay, and it funds projects in these countries as wellâhence, its operations are not exclusive to BRICS members.
⢠Statement 2 is correct: NDB actively supports de-dollarization by issuing local currency bonds (such as masala bonds in India and yuan bonds in China), reducing reliance on the US dollar and mitigating foreign exchange risks.
⢠Statement 3 is also correct: NDB provides both sovereign loans (to governments) and non-sovereign loans (to private or sub-sovereign entities), which broadens its development financing scope.
Solution: a)
⢠The New Development Bank (NDB), originally established by the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), aims to support infrastructure and sustainable development projects.
⢠Statement 1 is incorrect because NDBâs membership has expanded beyond BRICS to include countries like Bangladesh, the UAE, Egypt, and Uruguay, and it funds projects in these countries as wellâhence, its operations are not exclusive to BRICS members.
⢠Statement 2 is correct: NDB actively supports de-dollarization by issuing local currency bonds (such as masala bonds in India and yuan bonds in China), reducing reliance on the US dollar and mitigating foreign exchange risks.
⢠Statement 3 is also correct: NDB provides both sovereign loans (to governments) and non-sovereign loans (to private or sub-sovereign entities), which broadens its development financing scope.
⢠Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM): 1. GDM is commonly diagnosed between the 8th and 12th week of pregnancy. 2. Foetal hyperinsulinemia due to GDM can increase the risk of obesity in childhood. 3. GDM is a temporary condition with no long-term risk to the mother. How many of the above statements are incorrect? a) only one b) only two c) all three d) none Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. GDM is not typically diagnosed early; it is generally screened between 24â28 weeks of pregnancy. Statements 2 is correct. Foetal hyperinsulinemia, caused by maternal hyperglycaemia in GDM, programs the foetus to store more fat, increasing the risk of childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes. Statement 3 is incorrect. While GDM usually resolves post-delivery, 50â60% of women with GDM develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years, making it a precursor to chronic metabolic disease. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a high risk for type 2 diabetes in mothers and metabolic disorders in children. GDM is usually diagnosed between 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy. An early intervention that would help prevent foetal hyperinsulinemia, a metabolic disturbance that occurs in the 11th week, might avoid this and reduce the risk of the child developing diabetes and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) later in life. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. GDM is not typically diagnosed early; it is generally screened between 24â28 weeks of pregnancy. Statements 2 is correct. Foetal hyperinsulinemia, caused by maternal hyperglycaemia in GDM, programs the foetus to store more fat, increasing the risk of childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes. Statement 3 is incorrect. While GDM usually resolves post-delivery, 50â60% of women with GDM develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years, making it a precursor to chronic metabolic disease. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a high risk for type 2 diabetes in mothers and metabolic disorders in children. GDM is usually diagnosed between 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy. An early intervention that would help prevent foetal hyperinsulinemia, a metabolic disturbance that occurs in the 11th week, might avoid this and reduce the risk of the child developing diabetes and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) later in life.
#### 2. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM):
- 1.GDM is commonly diagnosed between the 8th and 12th week of pregnancy. 2. Foetal hyperinsulinemia due to GDM can increase the risk of obesity in childhood. 3. GDM is a temporary condition with no long-term risk to the mother.
How many of the above statements are incorrect?
⢠a) only one
⢠b) only two
⢠c) all three
Solution: b)
⢠Statement 1 is incorrect. GDM is not typically diagnosed early; it is generally screened between 24â28 weeks of pregnancy.
⢠Statements 2 is correct. Foetal hyperinsulinemia, caused by maternal hyperglycaemia in GDM, programs the foetus to store more fat, increasing the risk of childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes.
⢠Statement 3 is incorrect. While GDM usually resolves post-delivery, 50â60% of women with GDM develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years, making it a precursor to chronic metabolic disease.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a high risk for type 2 diabetes in mothers and metabolic disorders in children. GDM is usually diagnosed between 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy. An early intervention that would help prevent foetal hyperinsulinemia, a metabolic disturbance that occurs in the 11th week, might avoid this and reduce the risk of the child developing diabetes and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) later in life.
Solution: b)
⢠Statement 1 is incorrect. GDM is not typically diagnosed early; it is generally screened between 24â28 weeks of pregnancy.
⢠Statements 2 is correct. Foetal hyperinsulinemia, caused by maternal hyperglycaemia in GDM, programs the foetus to store more fat, increasing the risk of childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes.
⢠Statement 3 is incorrect. While GDM usually resolves post-delivery, 50â60% of women with GDM develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years, making it a precursor to chronic metabolic disease.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a high risk for type 2 diabetes in mothers and metabolic disorders in children. GDM is usually diagnosed between 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy. An early intervention that would help prevent foetal hyperinsulinemia, a metabolic disturbance that occurs in the 11th week, might avoid this and reduce the risk of the child developing diabetes and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) later in life.
⢠Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Which of the following statements are correct regarding Thorium-Based Small Modular Reactor (SMR)? 1. India has an operational thorium-based reactor connected to the national grid. 2. SMRs are not subject to AERB or Central regulatory compliance if built by a state agency. 3. Generally, Thorium fuel produces less long-lived radioactive waste compared to uranium. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: a) Only Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect: India has no operational thorium reactor yet; all thorium-based technologies, including AHWR and SMRs, remain in the experimental or pre-commercial stage. Statement 2 is incorrect: Nuclear energy is on the Union List, and even if a state-level agency like MAHAGENCO leads the initiative, the plant must still conform to AERB norms and Central nuclear safety protocols. Statement 3 is correct: Thorium fuels generate less transuranic waste, particularly plutonium and americium, making them environmentally safer in the long run. About Thorium-Based Small Modular Reactor (SMR): What is it? A Small Modular Reactor (SMR) is a compact, scalable nuclear reactor designed for safe, efficient, and flexible power generation. Thorium-based SMRs utilise Thorium-232, a fertile material, to generate Uranium-233 fuel through transmutation. Institutions Involved: MAHAGENCO (Maharashtra State Power Generation Company Ltd) and ROSATOM (Russiaâs State Atomic Energy Corporation). Key Features of Thorium-Based Small Modular Reactor (SMR): Fuel Type â Thorium-232 â Uranium-233: Uses thorium, which converts into Uranium-233 through nuclear reaction for clean energy. Modular Design: SMRs are built in small units, allowing phased and cost-effective deployment. Compact Size: Suitable for remote and smaller regions due to its small footprint and setup ease. Passive Safety Systems: Designed to shut down automatically in emergencies, reducing accident risks. Regulatory Compliance: Follows Indian nuclear safety norms under AERB and Central guidelines. Significance: Thorium Abundance: India has 25% of worldâs thorium, mainly in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, offering energy independence. Energy Security: Reduces dependency on imported uranium and enhances long-term fuel security. Eco-Friendly Option: Produces less nuclear waste compared to conventional uranium reactors. Decentralised Clean Power: Can provide electricity to off-grid or underserved areas in a clean and reliable way. State-Level Innovation: Maharashtra becomes the first state to enter nuclear space, supporting âMake in Indiaâ. Limitations: No Operational Reactor Yet: Thorium-based SMRs are still in testing phase with no active deployment worldwide. Needs Central Approval: Nuclear energy is under Central domain; states canât implement it independently. High Setup Cost: Building reactors and safety infrastructure needs large investment and time. Weak Fuel Cycle Infra: India lacks full reprocessing systems for thorium; tech is still under development. Public Fear of Nuclear: Safety concerns and nuclear accidents in the past may affect public acceptance. Incorrect Solution: a) Only Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect: India has no operational thorium reactor yet; all thorium-based technologies, including AHWR and SMRs, remain in the experimental or pre-commercial stage. Statement 2 is incorrect: Nuclear energy is on the Union List, and even if a state-level agency like MAHAGENCO leads the initiative, the plant must still conform to AERB norms and Central nuclear safety protocols. Statement 3 is correct: Thorium fuels generate less transuranic waste, particularly plutonium and americium, making them environmentally safer in the long run. About Thorium-Based Small Modular Reactor (SMR): What is it? A Small Modular Reactor (SMR) is a compact, scalable nuclear reactor designed for safe, efficient, and flexible power generation. Thorium-based SMRs utilise Thorium-232, a fertile material, to generate Uranium-233 fuel through transmutation. Institutions Involved: MAHAGENCO (Maharashtra State Power Generation Company Ltd) and ROSATOM (Russiaâs State Atomic Energy Corporation). Key Features of Thorium-Based Small Modular Reactor (SMR): Fuel Type â Thorium-232 â Uranium-233: Uses thorium, which converts into Uranium-233 through nuclear reaction for clean energy. Modular Design: SMRs are built in small units, allowing phased and cost-effective deployment. Compact Size: Suitable for remote and smaller regions due to its small footprint and setup ease. Passive Safety Systems: Designed to shut down automatically in emergencies, reducing accident risks. Regulatory Compliance: Follows Indian nuclear safety norms under AERB and Central guidelines. Significance: Thorium Abundance: India has 25% of worldâs thorium, mainly in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, offering energy independence. Energy Security: Reduces dependency on imported uranium and enhances long-term fuel security. Eco-Friendly Option: Produces less nuclear waste compared to conventional uranium reactors. Decentralised Clean Power: Can provide electricity to off-grid or underserved areas in a clean and reliable way. State-Level Innovation: Maharashtra becomes the first state to enter nuclear space, supporting âMake in Indiaâ. Limitations: No Operational Reactor Yet: Thorium-based SMRs are still in testing phase with no active deployment worldwide. Needs Central Approval: Nuclear energy is under Central domain; states canât implement it independently. High Setup Cost: Building reactors and safety infrastructure needs large investment and time. Weak Fuel Cycle Infra: India lacks full reprocessing systems for thorium; tech is still under development. Public Fear of Nuclear: Safety concerns and nuclear accidents in the past may affect public acceptance.
#### 3. Question
Which of the following statements are correct regarding Thorium-Based Small Modular Reactor (SMR)?
- 1.India has an operational thorium-based reactor connected to the national grid. 2. SMRs are not subject to AERB or Central regulatory compliance if built by a state agency. 3. Generally, Thorium fuel produces less long-lived radioactive waste compared to uranium.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?
⢠(a) Only one
⢠(b) Only two
⢠(c) All three
Solution: a)
Only Statement 3 is correct.
⢠Statement 1 is incorrect: India has no operational thorium reactor yet; all thorium-based technologies, including AHWR and SMRs, remain in the experimental or pre-commercial stage.
⢠Statement 2 is incorrect: Nuclear energy is on the Union List, and even if a state-level agency like MAHAGENCO leads the initiative, the plant must still conform to AERB norms and Central nuclear safety protocols.
⢠Statement 3 is correct: Thorium fuels generate less transuranic waste, particularly plutonium and americium, making them environmentally safer in the long run.
About Thorium-Based Small Modular Reactor (SMR):
⢠What is it? A Small Modular Reactor (SMR) is a compact, scalable nuclear reactor designed for safe, efficient, and flexible power generation. Thorium-based SMRs utilise Thorium-232, a fertile material, to generate Uranium-233 fuel through transmutation.
⢠A Small Modular Reactor (SMR) is a compact, scalable nuclear reactor designed for safe, efficient, and flexible power generation.
⢠Thorium-based SMRs utilise Thorium-232, a fertile material, to generate Uranium-233 fuel through transmutation.
⢠Institutions Involved: MAHAGENCO (Maharashtra State Power Generation Company Ltd) and ROSATOM (Russiaâs State Atomic Energy Corporation).
⢠Key Features of Thorium-Based Small Modular Reactor (SMR): Fuel Type â Thorium-232 â Uranium-233: Uses thorium, which converts into Uranium-233 through nuclear reaction for clean energy. Modular Design: SMRs are built in small units, allowing phased and cost-effective deployment. Compact Size: Suitable for remote and smaller regions due to its small footprint and setup ease. Passive Safety Systems: Designed to shut down automatically in emergencies, reducing accident risks. Regulatory Compliance: Follows Indian nuclear safety norms under AERB and Central guidelines.
⢠Fuel Type â Thorium-232 â Uranium-233: Uses thorium, which converts into Uranium-233 through nuclear reaction for clean energy.
⢠Modular Design: SMRs are built in small units, allowing phased and cost-effective deployment.
⢠Compact Size: Suitable for remote and smaller regions due to its small footprint and setup ease.
⢠Passive Safety Systems: Designed to shut down automatically in emergencies, reducing accident risks.
⢠Regulatory Compliance: Follows Indian nuclear safety norms under AERB and Central guidelines.
⢠Significance: Thorium Abundance: India has 25% of worldâs thorium, mainly in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, offering energy independence. Energy Security: Reduces dependency on imported uranium and enhances long-term fuel security. Eco-Friendly Option: Produces less nuclear waste compared to conventional uranium reactors. Decentralised Clean Power: Can provide electricity to off-grid or underserved areas in a clean and reliable way. State-Level Innovation: Maharashtra becomes the first state to enter nuclear space, supporting âMake in Indiaâ.
⢠Thorium Abundance: India has 25% of worldâs thorium, mainly in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, offering energy independence.
⢠Energy Security: Reduces dependency on imported uranium and enhances long-term fuel security.
⢠Eco-Friendly Option: Produces less nuclear waste compared to conventional uranium reactors.
⢠Decentralised Clean Power: Can provide electricity to off-grid or underserved areas in a clean and reliable way.
⢠State-Level Innovation: Maharashtra becomes the first state to enter nuclear space, supporting âMake in Indiaâ.
⢠Limitations: No Operational Reactor Yet: Thorium-based SMRs are still in testing phase with no active deployment worldwide. Needs Central Approval: Nuclear energy is under Central domain; states canât implement it independently. High Setup Cost: Building reactors and safety infrastructure needs large investment and time. Weak Fuel Cycle Infra: India lacks full reprocessing systems for thorium; tech is still under development. Public Fear of Nuclear: Safety concerns and nuclear accidents in the past may affect public acceptance.
⢠No Operational Reactor Yet: Thorium-based SMRs are still in testing phase with no active deployment worldwide.
⢠Needs Central Approval: Nuclear energy is under Central domain; states canât implement it independently.
⢠High Setup Cost: Building reactors and safety infrastructure needs large investment and time.
⢠Weak Fuel Cycle Infra: India lacks full reprocessing systems for thorium; tech is still under development.
⢠Public Fear of Nuclear: Safety concerns and nuclear accidents in the past may affect public acceptance.
Solution: a)
Only Statement 3 is correct.
⢠Statement 1 is incorrect: India has no operational thorium reactor yet; all thorium-based technologies, including AHWR and SMRs, remain in the experimental or pre-commercial stage.
⢠Statement 2 is incorrect: Nuclear energy is on the Union List, and even if a state-level agency like MAHAGENCO leads the initiative, the plant must still conform to AERB norms and Central nuclear safety protocols.
⢠Statement 3 is correct: Thorium fuels generate less transuranic waste, particularly plutonium and americium, making them environmentally safer in the long run.
About Thorium-Based Small Modular Reactor (SMR):
⢠What is it? A Small Modular Reactor (SMR) is a compact, scalable nuclear reactor designed for safe, efficient, and flexible power generation. Thorium-based SMRs utilise Thorium-232, a fertile material, to generate Uranium-233 fuel through transmutation.
⢠A Small Modular Reactor (SMR) is a compact, scalable nuclear reactor designed for safe, efficient, and flexible power generation.
⢠Thorium-based SMRs utilise Thorium-232, a fertile material, to generate Uranium-233 fuel through transmutation.
⢠Institutions Involved: MAHAGENCO (Maharashtra State Power Generation Company Ltd) and ROSATOM (Russiaâs State Atomic Energy Corporation).
⢠Key Features of Thorium-Based Small Modular Reactor (SMR): Fuel Type â Thorium-232 â Uranium-233: Uses thorium, which converts into Uranium-233 through nuclear reaction for clean energy. Modular Design: SMRs are built in small units, allowing phased and cost-effective deployment. Compact Size: Suitable for remote and smaller regions due to its small footprint and setup ease. Passive Safety Systems: Designed to shut down automatically in emergencies, reducing accident risks. Regulatory Compliance: Follows Indian nuclear safety norms under AERB and Central guidelines.
⢠Fuel Type â Thorium-232 â Uranium-233: Uses thorium, which converts into Uranium-233 through nuclear reaction for clean energy.
⢠Modular Design: SMRs are built in small units, allowing phased and cost-effective deployment.
⢠Compact Size: Suitable for remote and smaller regions due to its small footprint and setup ease.
⢠Passive Safety Systems: Designed to shut down automatically in emergencies, reducing accident risks.
⢠Regulatory Compliance: Follows Indian nuclear safety norms under AERB and Central guidelines.
⢠Significance: Thorium Abundance: India has 25% of worldâs thorium, mainly in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, offering energy independence. Energy Security: Reduces dependency on imported uranium and enhances long-term fuel security. Eco-Friendly Option: Produces less nuclear waste compared to conventional uranium reactors. Decentralised Clean Power: Can provide electricity to off-grid or underserved areas in a clean and reliable way. State-Level Innovation: Maharashtra becomes the first state to enter nuclear space, supporting âMake in Indiaâ.
⢠Thorium Abundance: India has 25% of worldâs thorium, mainly in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, offering energy independence.
⢠Energy Security: Reduces dependency on imported uranium and enhances long-term fuel security.
⢠Eco-Friendly Option: Produces less nuclear waste compared to conventional uranium reactors.
⢠Decentralised Clean Power: Can provide electricity to off-grid or underserved areas in a clean and reliable way.
⢠State-Level Innovation: Maharashtra becomes the first state to enter nuclear space, supporting âMake in Indiaâ.
⢠Limitations: No Operational Reactor Yet: Thorium-based SMRs are still in testing phase with no active deployment worldwide. Needs Central Approval: Nuclear energy is under Central domain; states canât implement it independently. High Setup Cost: Building reactors and safety infrastructure needs large investment and time. Weak Fuel Cycle Infra: India lacks full reprocessing systems for thorium; tech is still under development. Public Fear of Nuclear: Safety concerns and nuclear accidents in the past may affect public acceptance.
⢠No Operational Reactor Yet: Thorium-based SMRs are still in testing phase with no active deployment worldwide.
⢠Needs Central Approval: Nuclear energy is under Central domain; states canât implement it independently.
⢠High Setup Cost: Building reactors and safety infrastructure needs large investment and time.
⢠Weak Fuel Cycle Infra: India lacks full reprocessing systems for thorium; tech is still under development.
⢠Public Fear of Nuclear: Safety concerns and nuclear accidents in the past may affect public acceptance.
⢠Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding golden tigers: 1. They are considered a separate subspecies of Bengal tigers in IUCN taxonomy. 2. The golden coat colour arises from a recessive gene mutation. 3. The presence of multiple golden tigers in one region like Kaziranga may indicate low genetic diversity. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. Golden tigers are not recognized as a subspecies. They are a color variant of the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris), not a taxonomic classification in IUCN or zoological terms. The golden coloration results from a recessive mutation in the wideband gene, requiring both parents to be carriers. The presence of multiple golden tigers in one region like Kaziranga is indicative of inbreeding, which arises in small, closed populations, leading to low genetic diversity. About Golden Tiger: What it is: Golden tiger or âgolden tabbyâ is a rare colour variant of the Bengal tiger, not a separate subspecies. Location: Only four are known in the wild, all found in Kaziranga National Park, Assam. Scientific Reason: Caused by a mutation in the wideband gene that extends reddish-yellow pigment production (pheomelanin). Both parents must carry the mutated gene for the golden color to appear. Color is harmless, but inbreeding may cause genetic weaknesses. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. Golden tigers are not recognized as a subspecies. They are a color variant of the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris), not a taxonomic classification in IUCN or zoological terms. The golden coloration results from a recessive mutation in the wideband gene, requiring both parents to be carriers. The presence of multiple golden tigers in one region like Kaziranga is indicative of inbreeding, which arises in small, closed populations, leading to low genetic diversity. About Golden Tiger: What it is: Golden tiger or âgolden tabbyâ is a rare colour variant of the Bengal tiger, not a separate subspecies. Location: Only four are known in the wild, all found in Kaziranga National Park, Assam. Scientific Reason: Caused by a mutation in the wideband gene that extends reddish-yellow pigment production (pheomelanin). Both parents must carry the mutated gene for the golden color to appear. Color is harmless, but inbreeding may cause genetic weaknesses.
#### 4. Question
Consider the following statements regarding golden tigers:
- 1.They are considered a separate subspecies of Bengal tigers in IUCN taxonomy. 2. The golden coat colour arises from a recessive gene mutation. 3. The presence of multiple golden tigers in one region like Kaziranga may indicate low genetic diversity.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
⢠(a) 2 only
⢠(b) 2 and 3 only
⢠(c) 1 and 3 only
⢠(d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution: b)
⢠Statement 1 is incorrect. Golden tigers are not recognized as a subspecies. They are a color variant of the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris), not a taxonomic classification in IUCN or zoological terms.
⢠The golden coloration results from a recessive mutation in the wideband gene, requiring both parents to be carriers.
⢠The presence of multiple golden tigers in one region like Kaziranga is indicative of inbreeding, which arises in small, closed populations, leading to low genetic diversity.
About Golden Tiger:
⢠What it is: Golden tiger or âgolden tabbyâ is a rare colour variant of the Bengal tiger, not a separate subspecies.
⢠Location: Only four are known in the wild, all found in Kaziranga National Park, Assam.
⢠Scientific Reason: Caused by a mutation in the wideband gene that extends reddish-yellow pigment production (pheomelanin). Both parents must carry the mutated gene for the golden color to appear. Color is harmless, but inbreeding may cause genetic weaknesses.
⢠Caused by a mutation in the wideband gene that extends reddish-yellow pigment production (pheomelanin).
⢠Both parents must carry the mutated gene for the golden color to appear.
⢠Color is harmless, but inbreeding may cause genetic weaknesses.
Solution: b)
⢠Statement 1 is incorrect. Golden tigers are not recognized as a subspecies. They are a color variant of the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris), not a taxonomic classification in IUCN or zoological terms.
⢠The golden coloration results from a recessive mutation in the wideband gene, requiring both parents to be carriers.
⢠The presence of multiple golden tigers in one region like Kaziranga is indicative of inbreeding, which arises in small, closed populations, leading to low genetic diversity.
About Golden Tiger:
⢠What it is: Golden tiger or âgolden tabbyâ is a rare colour variant of the Bengal tiger, not a separate subspecies.
⢠Location: Only four are known in the wild, all found in Kaziranga National Park, Assam.
⢠Scientific Reason: Caused by a mutation in the wideband gene that extends reddish-yellow pigment production (pheomelanin). Both parents must carry the mutated gene for the golden color to appear. Color is harmless, but inbreeding may cause genetic weaknesses.
⢠Caused by a mutation in the wideband gene that extends reddish-yellow pigment production (pheomelanin).
⢠Both parents must carry the mutated gene for the golden color to appear.
⢠Color is harmless, but inbreeding may cause genetic weaknesses.
⢠Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Which of the following statements are correct about Kaziranga National Park? 1. It is recognized as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International. 2. The park lies entirely in Arunachal Pradesh. 3. It contains semi-evergreen forests, grasslands, and marshes. 4. It lies at the convergence of the Eastern Himalayas and the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: c) Statement 1 is correct: BirdLife International has designated Kaziranga as an Important Bird Area (IBA) due to its high avian diversity, including both resident and migratory birds. Statement 2 is incorrect: Kaziranga lies in Assam, specifically in Golaghat and Nagaon districts, not Arunachal Pradesh. Statement 3 is correct: Kaziranga has diverse habitats, including tall grasslands, marshes, and tropical moist forests, supporting wide-ranging fauna. Statement 4 is correct: Geographically, Kaziranga lies at the intersection of the Eastern Himalayas and the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, making it ecologically strategic. Incorrect Solution: c) Statement 1 is correct: BirdLife International has designated Kaziranga as an Important Bird Area (IBA) due to its high avian diversity, including both resident and migratory birds. Statement 2 is incorrect: Kaziranga lies in Assam, specifically in Golaghat and Nagaon districts, not Arunachal Pradesh. Statement 3 is correct: Kaziranga has diverse habitats, including tall grasslands, marshes, and tropical moist forests, supporting wide-ranging fauna. Statement 4 is correct: Geographically, Kaziranga lies at the intersection of the Eastern Himalayas and the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, making it ecologically strategic.
#### 5. Question
Which of the following statements are correct about Kaziranga National Park?
- 1.It is recognized as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International. 2. The park lies entirely in Arunachal Pradesh. 3. It contains semi-evergreen forests, grasslands, and marshes. 4. It lies at the convergence of the Eastern Himalayas and the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?
⢠(a) Only one
⢠(b) Only two
⢠(c) Only three
⢠(d) All four
Solution: c)
⢠Statement 1 is correct: BirdLife International has designated Kaziranga as an Important Bird Area (IBA) due to its high avian diversity, including both resident and migratory birds.
⢠Statement 2 is incorrect: Kaziranga lies in Assam, specifically in Golaghat and Nagaon districts, not Arunachal Pradesh.
⢠Statement 3 is correct: Kaziranga has diverse habitats, including tall grasslands, marshes, and tropical moist forests, supporting wide-ranging fauna.
⢠Statement 4 is correct: Geographically, Kaziranga lies at the intersection of the Eastern Himalayas and the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, making it ecologically strategic.
Solution: c)
⢠Statement 1 is correct: BirdLife International has designated Kaziranga as an Important Bird Area (IBA) due to its high avian diversity, including both resident and migratory birds.
⢠Statement 2 is incorrect: Kaziranga lies in Assam, specifically in Golaghat and Nagaon districts, not Arunachal Pradesh.
⢠Statement 3 is correct: Kaziranga has diverse habitats, including tall grasslands, marshes, and tropical moist forests, supporting wide-ranging fauna.
⢠Statement 4 is correct: Geographically, Kaziranga lies at the intersection of the Eastern Himalayas and the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, making it ecologically strategic.
⢠Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points The primary purpose of the Rules of Origin clause in the ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA) is to: a) Restrict imports from ASEAN countries to protect Indian industries b) Enable ASEAN to apply safeguard duties on Indian exports c) Remove customs procedures for all goods from ASEAN d) Ensure only goods originating in ASEAN or India benefit from tariff preferences Correct Solution: d) The Rules of Origin (RoO) under AITIGA ensure that only goods originating in the ASEAN region or India receive preferential tariff treatment. This prevents third-party countries (like China or the USA) from routing their products through ASEAN to exploit low tariffs, thereby protecting the spirit of the FTA. About ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA): What is AITIGA? A free trade agreement (FTA) between India and the 10 ASEAN member states. Covers trade in physical goods, eliminating tariffs and reducing non-tariff barriers. Aims to enhance economic integration and bilateral trade. Origin: Signed in 2009 at the 7th ASEAN-India Economic Ministersâ Meeting in Bangkok. Implemented in 2010, often termed the ASEAN-India FTA. 2014: ASEAN and India signed a separate Trade in Services Agreement. Key Features: Tariff Liberalization: Gradual reduction of import duties on over 75% of traded goods. Rules of Origin: Ensures only ASEAN-India goods get preferential treatment. Exclusion Lists: Sensitive items (e.g., agriculture, auto parts) excluded from tariff cuts. Trade Expansion: Bilateral trade reached $121 billion (2023-24), making ASEAN 11% of Indiaâs global trade. Recent Developments: Ongoing Review: Discussions to modernize AITIGA for better usability and trade facilitation. 8th Joint Committee Meet (2024): Focused on making the agreement more trade-friendly and effective. Incorrect Solution: d) The Rules of Origin (RoO) under AITIGA ensure that only goods originating in the ASEAN region or India receive preferential tariff treatment. This prevents third-party countries (like China or the USA) from routing their products through ASEAN to exploit low tariffs, thereby protecting the spirit of the FTA. About ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA): What is AITIGA? A free trade agreement (FTA) between India and the 10 ASEAN member states. Covers trade in physical goods, eliminating tariffs and reducing non-tariff barriers. Aims to enhance economic integration and bilateral trade. Origin: Signed in 2009 at the 7th ASEAN-India Economic Ministersâ Meeting in Bangkok. Implemented in 2010, often termed the ASEAN-India FTA. 2014: ASEAN and India signed a separate Trade in Services Agreement. Key Features: Tariff Liberalization: Gradual reduction of import duties on over 75% of traded goods. Rules of Origin: Ensures only ASEAN-India goods get preferential treatment. Exclusion Lists: Sensitive items (e.g., agriculture, auto parts) excluded from tariff cuts. Trade Expansion: Bilateral trade reached $121 billion (2023-24), making ASEAN 11% of Indiaâs global trade. Recent Developments: Ongoing Review: Discussions to modernize AITIGA for better usability and trade facilitation. 8th Joint Committee Meet (2024): Focused on making the agreement more trade-friendly and effective.
#### 6. Question
The primary purpose of the Rules of Origin clause in the ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA) is to:
⢠a) Restrict imports from ASEAN countries to protect Indian industries
⢠b) Enable ASEAN to apply safeguard duties on Indian exports
⢠c) Remove customs procedures for all goods from ASEAN
⢠d) Ensure only goods originating in ASEAN or India benefit from tariff preferences
Solution: d)
⢠The Rules of Origin (RoO) under AITIGA ensure that only goods originating in the ASEAN region or India receive preferential tariff treatment.
⢠This prevents third-party countries (like China or the USA) from routing their products through ASEAN to exploit low tariffs, thereby protecting the spirit of the FTA.
About ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA):
⢠What is AITIGA?
⢠A free trade agreement (FTA) between India and the 10 ASEAN member states. Covers trade in physical goods, eliminating tariffs and reducing non-tariff barriers. Aims to enhance economic integration and bilateral trade.
⢠A free trade agreement (FTA) between India and the 10 ASEAN member states.
⢠Covers trade in physical goods, eliminating tariffs and reducing non-tariff barriers.
⢠Aims to enhance economic integration and bilateral trade.
⢠Origin:
⢠Signed in 2009 at the 7th ASEAN-India Economic Ministersâ Meeting in Bangkok. Implemented in 2010, often termed the ASEAN-India FTA. 2014: ASEAN and India signed a separate Trade in Services Agreement.
⢠Signed in 2009 at the 7th ASEAN-India Economic Ministersâ Meeting in Bangkok.
⢠Implemented in 2010, often termed the ASEAN-India FTA.
⢠2014: ASEAN and India signed a separate Trade in Services Agreement.
⢠Key Features:
⢠Tariff Liberalization: Gradual reduction of import duties on over 75% of traded goods. Rules of Origin: Ensures only ASEAN-India goods get preferential treatment. Exclusion Lists: Sensitive items (e.g., agriculture, auto parts) excluded from tariff cuts. Trade Expansion: Bilateral trade reached $121 billion (2023-24), making ASEAN 11% of Indiaâs global trade.
⢠Tariff Liberalization: Gradual reduction of import duties on over 75% of traded goods.
⢠Rules of Origin: Ensures only ASEAN-India goods get preferential treatment.
⢠Exclusion Lists: Sensitive items (e.g., agriculture, auto parts) excluded from tariff cuts.
⢠Trade Expansion: Bilateral trade reached $121 billion (2023-24), making ASEAN 11% of Indiaâs global trade.
⢠Recent Developments:
⢠Ongoing Review: Discussions to modernize AITIGA for better usability and trade facilitation. 8th Joint Committee Meet (2024): Focused on making the agreement more trade-friendly and effective.
⢠Ongoing Review: Discussions to modernize AITIGA for better usability and trade facilitation.
⢠8th Joint Committee Meet (2024): Focused on making the agreement more trade-friendly and effective.
Solution: d)
⢠The Rules of Origin (RoO) under AITIGA ensure that only goods originating in the ASEAN region or India receive preferential tariff treatment.
⢠This prevents third-party countries (like China or the USA) from routing their products through ASEAN to exploit low tariffs, thereby protecting the spirit of the FTA.
About ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA):
⢠What is AITIGA?
⢠A free trade agreement (FTA) between India and the 10 ASEAN member states. Covers trade in physical goods, eliminating tariffs and reducing non-tariff barriers. Aims to enhance economic integration and bilateral trade.
⢠A free trade agreement (FTA) between India and the 10 ASEAN member states.
⢠Covers trade in physical goods, eliminating tariffs and reducing non-tariff barriers.
⢠Aims to enhance economic integration and bilateral trade.
⢠Origin:
⢠Signed in 2009 at the 7th ASEAN-India Economic Ministersâ Meeting in Bangkok. Implemented in 2010, often termed the ASEAN-India FTA. 2014: ASEAN and India signed a separate Trade in Services Agreement.
⢠Signed in 2009 at the 7th ASEAN-India Economic Ministersâ Meeting in Bangkok.
⢠Implemented in 2010, often termed the ASEAN-India FTA.
⢠2014: ASEAN and India signed a separate Trade in Services Agreement.
⢠Key Features:
⢠Tariff Liberalization: Gradual reduction of import duties on over 75% of traded goods. Rules of Origin: Ensures only ASEAN-India goods get preferential treatment. Exclusion Lists: Sensitive items (e.g., agriculture, auto parts) excluded from tariff cuts. Trade Expansion: Bilateral trade reached $121 billion (2023-24), making ASEAN 11% of Indiaâs global trade.
⢠Tariff Liberalization: Gradual reduction of import duties on over 75% of traded goods.
⢠Rules of Origin: Ensures only ASEAN-India goods get preferential treatment.
⢠Exclusion Lists: Sensitive items (e.g., agriculture, auto parts) excluded from tariff cuts.
⢠Trade Expansion: Bilateral trade reached $121 billion (2023-24), making ASEAN 11% of Indiaâs global trade.
⢠Recent Developments:
⢠Ongoing Review: Discussions to modernize AITIGA for better usability and trade facilitation. 8th Joint Committee Meet (2024): Focused on making the agreement more trade-friendly and effective.
⢠Ongoing Review: Discussions to modernize AITIGA for better usability and trade facilitation.
⢠8th Joint Committee Meet (2024): Focused on making the agreement more trade-friendly and effective.
⢠Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Which of the following features makes Phawngpui National Park ecologically unique among Indian protected areas? a) It is Indiaâs only home to the endangered White-winged Wood Duck b) It is the only park with permanent glacial lakes in the Eastern Himalayas c) It is the largest continuous patch of tropical dry deciduous forest in Northeast India d) It hosts the only known Indian population of Mount Victoria Babax Correct Solution: d) Phawngpui National Park, also known as the Blue Mountain National Park, is the only known Indian habitat of the Mount Victoria Babax, a bird species otherwise found in Myanmarâs Mount Victoria region. This makes it ecologically unique and a cross-border avian biodiversity hotspot. Option (a) refers to Namdapha, not Phawngpui. Option (c) is incorrect because Phawngpui features Montane sub-tropical forests, not dry deciduous ones. Option (b) is factually incorrectâglacial lakes are found in parks like Khangchendzonga, not here. Incorrect Solution: d) Phawngpui National Park, also known as the Blue Mountain National Park, is the only known Indian habitat of the Mount Victoria Babax, a bird species otherwise found in Myanmarâs Mount Victoria region. This makes it ecologically unique and a cross-border avian biodiversity hotspot. Option (a) refers to Namdapha, not Phawngpui. Option (c) is incorrect because Phawngpui features Montane sub-tropical forests, not dry deciduous ones. Option (b) is factually incorrectâglacial lakes are found in parks like Khangchendzonga, not here.
#### 7. Question
Which of the following features makes Phawngpui National Park ecologically unique among Indian protected areas?
⢠a) It is Indiaâs only home to the endangered White-winged Wood Duck
⢠b) It is the only park with permanent glacial lakes in the Eastern Himalayas
⢠c) It is the largest continuous patch of tropical dry deciduous forest in Northeast India
⢠d) It hosts the only known Indian population of Mount Victoria Babax
Solution: d)
⢠Phawngpui National Park, also known as the Blue Mountain National Park, is the only known Indian habitat of the Mount Victoria Babax, a bird species otherwise found in Myanmarâs Mount Victoria region.
⢠This makes it ecologically unique and a cross-border avian biodiversity hotspot.
⢠Option (a) refers to Namdapha, not Phawngpui.
⢠Option (c) is incorrect because Phawngpui features Montane sub-tropical forests, not dry deciduous ones.
⢠Option (b) is factually incorrectâglacial lakes are found in parks like Khangchendzonga, not here.
Solution: d)
⢠Phawngpui National Park, also known as the Blue Mountain National Park, is the only known Indian habitat of the Mount Victoria Babax, a bird species otherwise found in Myanmarâs Mount Victoria region.
⢠This makes it ecologically unique and a cross-border avian biodiversity hotspot.
⢠Option (a) refers to Namdapha, not Phawngpui.
⢠Option (c) is incorrect because Phawngpui features Montane sub-tropical forests, not dry deciduous ones.
⢠Option (b) is factually incorrectâglacial lakes are found in parks like Khangchendzonga, not here.
⢠Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Thorium-Based Small Modular Reactor (SMR) Statement-I: Thorium-based SMRs can help India achieve long-term energy self-sufficiency. Statement-II: Indiaâs current nuclear infrastructure is optimized for thorium reprocessing and U-233 fuel handling. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: c) Statement-I is correct: Indiaâs vast thorium reserves can support energy self-sufficiency, especially when paired with SMR technology that allows distributed power generation. Statement-II is incorrect: Indiaâs reprocessing and U-233 handling capabilities are still under development. The thorium fuel cycle involves complex separation, purification, and radiation shielding due to U-232 contamination, requiring further R&D. Incorrect Solution: c) Statement-I is correct: Indiaâs vast thorium reserves can support energy self-sufficiency, especially when paired with SMR technology that allows distributed power generation. Statement-II is incorrect: Indiaâs reprocessing and U-233 handling capabilities are still under development. The thorium fuel cycle involves complex separation, purification, and radiation shielding due to U-232 contamination, requiring further R&D.
#### 8. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Thorium-Based Small Modular Reactor (SMR)
Statement-I: Thorium-based SMRs can help India achieve long-term energy self-sufficiency. Statement-II: Indiaâs current nuclear infrastructure is optimized for thorium reprocessing and U-233 fuel handling.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
⢠a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I
⢠b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
⢠c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
⢠d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
Solution: c)
⢠Statement-I is correct: Indiaâs vast thorium reserves can support energy self-sufficiency, especially when paired with SMR technology that allows distributed power generation.
⢠Statement-II is incorrect: Indiaâs reprocessing and U-233 handling capabilities are still under development. The thorium fuel cycle involves complex separation, purification, and radiation shielding due to U-232 contamination, requiring further R&D.
Solution: c)
⢠Statement-I is correct: Indiaâs vast thorium reserves can support energy self-sufficiency, especially when paired with SMR technology that allows distributed power generation.
⢠Statement-II is incorrect: Indiaâs reprocessing and U-233 handling capabilities are still under development. The thorium fuel cycle involves complex separation, purification, and radiation shielding due to U-232 contamination, requiring further R&D.
⢠Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Directed energy weapons Statement-I: Directed energy weapons are increasingly seen as essential for modern asymmetric warfare. Statement-II: Their high cost-per-shot and complex logistics make them unsuitable for tactical use. Which one of the following is correct? a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: c) Statement I is correct: DEWs are vital for asymmetric and hybrid warfare, especially against drones, swarms, and stealth targets. Statement II is incorrect: One of the greatest advantages of DEWs is their low per-shot cost and modular logistics, making them tactically ideal, especially for repeated engagements. About Mk-II(A) Laser-Directed Energy Weapon (DEW) System: What it is: A high-powered laser-based weapon system that uses directed energy to neutralize aerial threats such as drones, missiles, and sensors. Developed by: Centre for High Energy Systems & Sciences (CHESS), a DRDO lab in Hyderabad, in collaboration with other DRDO entities, industry, and academia. Purpose: Designed to offer cost-effective, rapid-response air defense against drones, surveillance systems, and potentially missiles with minimal collateral damage. How the Laser-DEW Works? Detection: Targets are tracked using radar or an inbuilt Electro-Optic (EO) system. Engagement: A focused laser beam travels at the speed of light, slicing through the targetâs surface, disabling or destroying it through structural failure. Key Features Power Output: 30-kilowatt laser â capable of targeting fixed-wing UAVs and swarming drones. Speed: Instantaneous engagement â precision hit in seconds. Cost-Effective: Firing cost = few litres of petrol, significantly cheaper than conventional missiles. Mobility: Vehicle-mounted, adaptable for both land and future air/space platforms. Significance: Strategic Edge: Places India alongside the US, China, and Russia in possessing advanced laser-DEW capabilities. Low Collateral Damage: Ideal for neutralizing threats without large-scale destruction. Force Multiplier: Enhances Indiaâs counter-drone and missile defense capacity in a cost-effective and sustainable way. Indigenization Boost: Reinforces Indiaâs path towards Atmanirbhar Bharat in defense tech. Incorrect Solution: c) Statement I is correct: DEWs are vital for asymmetric and hybrid warfare, especially against drones, swarms, and stealth targets. Statement II is incorrect: One of the greatest advantages of DEWs is their low per-shot cost and modular logistics, making them tactically ideal, especially for repeated engagements. About Mk-II(A) Laser-Directed Energy Weapon (DEW) System: What it is: A high-powered laser-based weapon system that uses directed energy to neutralize aerial threats such as drones, missiles, and sensors. Developed by: Centre for High Energy Systems & Sciences (CHESS), a DRDO lab in Hyderabad, in collaboration with other DRDO entities, industry, and academia. Purpose: Designed to offer cost-effective, rapid-response air defense against drones, surveillance systems, and potentially missiles with minimal collateral damage. How the Laser-DEW Works? Detection: Targets are tracked using radar or an inbuilt Electro-Optic (EO) system. Engagement: A focused laser beam travels at the speed of light, slicing through the targetâs surface, disabling or destroying it through structural failure. Key Features Power Output: 30-kilowatt laser â capable of targeting fixed-wing UAVs and swarming drones. Speed: Instantaneous engagement â precision hit in seconds. Cost-Effective: Firing cost = few litres of petrol, significantly cheaper than conventional missiles. Mobility: Vehicle-mounted, adaptable for both land and future air/space platforms. Significance: Strategic Edge: Places India alongside the US, China, and Russia in possessing advanced laser-DEW capabilities. Low Collateral Damage: Ideal for neutralizing threats without large-scale destruction. Force Multiplier: Enhances Indiaâs counter-drone and missile defense capacity in a cost-effective and sustainable way. Indigenization Boost: Reinforces Indiaâs path towards Atmanirbhar Bharat in defense tech.
#### 9. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Directed energy weapons
Statement-I: Directed energy weapons are increasingly seen as essential for modern asymmetric warfare. Statement-II: Their high cost-per-shot and complex logistics make them unsuitable for tactical use.
Which one of the following is correct?
⢠a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I
⢠b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
⢠c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
⢠d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
Solution: c)
⢠Statement I is correct: DEWs are vital for asymmetric and hybrid warfare, especially against drones, swarms, and stealth targets.
⢠Statement II is incorrect: One of the greatest advantages of DEWs is their low per-shot cost and modular logistics, making them tactically ideal, especially for repeated engagements.
About Mk-II(A) Laser-Directed Energy Weapon (DEW) System:
⢠What it is: A high-powered laser-based weapon system that uses directed energy to neutralize aerial threats such as drones, missiles, and sensors.
⢠Developed by: Centre for High Energy Systems & Sciences (CHESS), a DRDO lab in Hyderabad, in collaboration with other DRDO entities, industry, and academia.
⢠Purpose: Designed to offer cost-effective, rapid-response air defense against drones, surveillance systems, and potentially missiles with minimal collateral damage.
How the Laser-DEW Works?
⢠Detection: Targets are tracked using radar or an inbuilt Electro-Optic (EO) system.
⢠Engagement: A focused laser beam travels at the speed of light, slicing through the targetâs surface, disabling or destroying it through structural failure.
Key Features
⢠Power Output: 30-kilowatt laser â capable of targeting fixed-wing UAVs and swarming drones.
⢠Speed: Instantaneous engagement â precision hit in seconds.
⢠Cost-Effective: Firing cost = few litres of petrol, significantly cheaper than conventional missiles.
⢠Mobility: Vehicle-mounted, adaptable for both land and future air/space platforms.
Significance:
⢠Strategic Edge: Places India alongside the US, China, and Russia in possessing advanced laser-DEW capabilities.
⢠Low Collateral Damage: Ideal for neutralizing threats without large-scale destruction.
⢠Force Multiplier: Enhances Indiaâs counter-drone and missile defense capacity in a cost-effective and sustainable way.
⢠Indigenization Boost: Reinforces Indiaâs path towards Atmanirbhar Bharat in defense tech.
Solution: c)
⢠Statement I is correct: DEWs are vital for asymmetric and hybrid warfare, especially against drones, swarms, and stealth targets.
⢠Statement II is incorrect: One of the greatest advantages of DEWs is their low per-shot cost and modular logistics, making them tactically ideal, especially for repeated engagements.
About Mk-II(A) Laser-Directed Energy Weapon (DEW) System:
⢠What it is: A high-powered laser-based weapon system that uses directed energy to neutralize aerial threats such as drones, missiles, and sensors.
⢠Developed by: Centre for High Energy Systems & Sciences (CHESS), a DRDO lab in Hyderabad, in collaboration with other DRDO entities, industry, and academia.
⢠Purpose: Designed to offer cost-effective, rapid-response air defense against drones, surveillance systems, and potentially missiles with minimal collateral damage.
How the Laser-DEW Works?
⢠Detection: Targets are tracked using radar or an inbuilt Electro-Optic (EO) system.
⢠Engagement: A focused laser beam travels at the speed of light, slicing through the targetâs surface, disabling or destroying it through structural failure.
Key Features
⢠Power Output: 30-kilowatt laser â capable of targeting fixed-wing UAVs and swarming drones.
⢠Speed: Instantaneous engagement â precision hit in seconds.
⢠Cost-Effective: Firing cost = few litres of petrol, significantly cheaper than conventional missiles.
⢠Mobility: Vehicle-mounted, adaptable for both land and future air/space platforms.
Significance:
⢠Strategic Edge: Places India alongside the US, China, and Russia in possessing advanced laser-DEW capabilities.
⢠Low Collateral Damage: Ideal for neutralizing threats without large-scale destruction.
⢠Force Multiplier: Enhances Indiaâs counter-drone and missile defense capacity in a cost-effective and sustainable way.
⢠Indigenization Boost: Reinforces Indiaâs path towards Atmanirbhar Bharat in defense tech.
⢠Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points The innovation of BatEchoMon, recently in news, lies primarily in: a) Using ultrasonic rangefinders to track nocturnal bird migrations b) Deploying an AI-powered acoustic device to classify bat echolocation calls c) Capturing real-time spectrograms from human-generated audio signals d) Using infrared sensors to track bat flight paths in caves Correct Solution: b) BatEchoMonâs core innovation is its AI-powered acoustic monitoring of bat echolocation calls in real-time. Developed by the Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS), it uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm running on a Raspberry Pi processor to record, analyze, and classify bat sounds. These soundsâultrasonic echolocation pulsesâare species-specific, enabling identification and ecological tracking. It also generates spectrograms for visual analysis and supports solar-powered, autonomous field deployment. Options (a), (c), and (d) either misrepresent the species (bats, not birds), sensor type (ultrasound vs infrared), or intended purpose (bioacoustics, not motion tracking). What is BatEchoMon? Definition: BatEchoMon (Bat Echolocation Monitoring) is an autonomous, AI-powered acoustic monitoring system that detects, analyses, and classifies bat echolocation calls in real-time. Developed by: Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS), Bengaluru. Incorrect Solution: b) BatEchoMonâs core innovation is its AI-powered acoustic monitoring of bat echolocation calls in real-time. Developed by the Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS), it uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm running on a Raspberry Pi processor to record, analyze, and classify bat sounds. These soundsâultrasonic echolocation pulsesâare species-specific, enabling identification and ecological tracking. It also generates spectrograms for visual analysis and supports solar-powered, autonomous field deployment. Options (a), (c), and (d) either misrepresent the species (bats, not birds), sensor type (ultrasound vs infrared), or intended purpose (bioacoustics, not motion tracking). What is BatEchoMon? Definition: BatEchoMon (Bat Echolocation Monitoring) is an autonomous, AI-powered acoustic monitoring system that detects, analyses, and classifies bat echolocation calls in real-time. Developed by: Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS), Bengaluru.
#### 10. Question
The innovation of BatEchoMon, recently in news, lies primarily in:
⢠a) Using ultrasonic rangefinders to track nocturnal bird migrations
⢠b) Deploying an AI-powered acoustic device to classify bat echolocation calls
⢠c) Capturing real-time spectrograms from human-generated audio signals
⢠d) Using infrared sensors to track bat flight paths in caves
Solution: b)
⢠BatEchoMonâs core innovation is its AI-powered acoustic monitoring of bat echolocation calls in real-time. Developed by the Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS), it uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm running on a Raspberry Pi processor to record, analyze, and classify bat sounds.
⢠These soundsâultrasonic echolocation pulsesâare species-specific, enabling identification and ecological tracking.
⢠It also generates spectrograms for visual analysis and supports solar-powered, autonomous field deployment.
⢠Options (a), (c), and (d) either misrepresent the species (bats, not birds), sensor type (ultrasound vs infrared), or intended purpose (bioacoustics, not motion tracking).
⢠What is BatEchoMon? Definition: BatEchoMon (Bat Echolocation Monitoring) is an autonomous, AI-powered acoustic monitoring system that detects, analyses, and classifies bat echolocation calls in real-time. Developed by: Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS), Bengaluru.
⢠Definition: BatEchoMon (Bat Echolocation Monitoring) is an autonomous, AI-powered acoustic monitoring system that detects, analyses, and classifies bat echolocation calls in real-time.
⢠Developed by: Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS), Bengaluru.
Solution: b)
⢠BatEchoMonâs core innovation is its AI-powered acoustic monitoring of bat echolocation calls in real-time. Developed by the Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS), it uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm running on a Raspberry Pi processor to record, analyze, and classify bat sounds.
⢠These soundsâultrasonic echolocation pulsesâare species-specific, enabling identification and ecological tracking.
⢠It also generates spectrograms for visual analysis and supports solar-powered, autonomous field deployment.
⢠Options (a), (c), and (d) either misrepresent the species (bats, not birds), sensor type (ultrasound vs infrared), or intended purpose (bioacoustics, not motion tracking).
⢠What is BatEchoMon? Definition: BatEchoMon (Bat Echolocation Monitoring) is an autonomous, AI-powered acoustic monitoring system that detects, analyses, and classifies bat echolocation calls in real-time. Developed by: Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS), Bengaluru.
⢠Definition: BatEchoMon (Bat Echolocation Monitoring) is an autonomous, AI-powered acoustic monitoring system that detects, analyses, and classifies bat echolocation calls in real-time.
⢠Developed by: Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS), Bengaluru.
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