UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 17 October 2024

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about Exit Polls: Exit polls are surveys conducted after voters cast their votes to predict the election outcome. Section 126A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, regulates the publication of exit poll results in India. Exit polls can be published before the completion of all phases of polling in multi-phase elections. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect Exit polls are conducted after voters cast their votes to predict the outcome of elections based on real-time data. These surveys are critical in providing early insights into electoral trends. In India, exit polls are regulated under Section 126A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, which prohibits the publication of results before all phases of polling are completed in multi-phase elections. This regulation ensures that voters who have yet to vote are not influenced by the exit poll predictions. However, Statement 3 is incorrect because exit polls cannot be published before polling concludes in all phases. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect Exit polls are conducted after voters cast their votes to predict the outcome of elections based on real-time data. These surveys are critical in providing early insights into electoral trends. In India, exit polls are regulated under Section 126A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, which prohibits the publication of results before all phases of polling are completed in multi-phase elections. This regulation ensures that voters who have yet to vote are not influenced by the exit poll predictions. However, Statement 3 is incorrect because exit polls cannot be published before polling concludes in all phases.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements about Exit Polls:

• Exit polls are surveys conducted after voters cast their votes to predict the election outcome.

• Section 126A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, regulates the publication of exit poll results in India.

• Exit polls can be published before the completion of all phases of polling in multi-phase elections.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect

Exit polls are conducted after voters cast their votes to predict the outcome of elections based on real-time data. These surveys are critical in providing early insights into electoral trends. In India, exit polls are regulated under Section 126A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, which prohibits the publication of results before all phases of polling are completed in multi-phase elections. This regulation ensures that voters who have yet to vote are not influenced by the exit poll predictions.

However, Statement 3 is incorrect because exit polls cannot be published before polling concludes in all phases.

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect

However, Statement 3 is incorrect because exit polls cannot be published before polling concludes in all phases.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about Stratovolcanoes: Stratovolcanoes are tall, steep, cone-shaped volcanoes. They are primarily made of layers of lava and ash. Stratovolcanoes typically have calm and non-explosive eruptions. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: a) Stratovolcanoes, also known as composite volcanoes, are characterized by their tall, steep, cone-shaped structure. They are primarily composed of layers of hardened lava, volcanic ash, and other debris. Stratovolcanoes are known for their explosive eruptions due to the high viscosity of their magma, which traps gases and builds pressure. Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct as they describe the structure and composition of stratovolcanoes. Statement 3 is incorrect because stratovolcanoes are not known for calm eruptions; they typically exhibit violent, explosive activity. Incorrect Solution: a) Stratovolcanoes, also known as composite volcanoes, are characterized by their tall, steep, cone-shaped structure. They are primarily composed of layers of hardened lava, volcanic ash, and other debris. Stratovolcanoes are known for their explosive eruptions due to the high viscosity of their magma, which traps gases and builds pressure. Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct as they describe the structure and composition of stratovolcanoes. Statement 3 is incorrect because stratovolcanoes are not known for calm eruptions; they typically exhibit violent, explosive activity.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements about Stratovolcanoes:

• Stratovolcanoes are tall, steep, cone-shaped volcanoes.

• They are primarily made of layers of lava and ash.

• Stratovolcanoes typically have calm and non-explosive eruptions.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• a) 1 and 2 only

• b) 1 and 3 only

• c) 2 and 3 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: a)

Stratovolcanoes, also known as composite volcanoes, are characterized by their tall, steep, cone-shaped structure. They are primarily composed of layers of hardened lava, volcanic ash, and other debris. Stratovolcanoes are known for their explosive eruptions due to the high viscosity of their magma, which traps gases and builds pressure.

Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct as they describe the structure and composition of stratovolcanoes. Statement 3 is incorrect because stratovolcanoes are not known for calm eruptions; they typically exhibit violent, explosive activity.

Solution: a)

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Which type of radiation is used in radiographic techniques to estimate age? a) Gamma rays b) Infrared radiation c) X-rays d) Ultraviolet radiation Correct Solution: c) Radiographic techniques such as X-rays are commonly used to estimate a person’s age by examining the maturity and degeneration of bones. X-rays allow for detailed imaging of bone structure, which helps in determining age-related changes such as the closure of growth plates or bone wear. Other forms of radiation, such as gamma rays, infrared radiation, and ultraviolet radiation, are not typically used for age estimation in this context. Incorrect Solution: c) Radiographic techniques such as X-rays are commonly used to estimate a person’s age by examining the maturity and degeneration of bones. X-rays allow for detailed imaging of bone structure, which helps in determining age-related changes such as the closure of growth plates or bone wear. Other forms of radiation, such as gamma rays, infrared radiation, and ultraviolet radiation, are not typically used for age estimation in this context.

#### 3. Question

Which type of radiation is used in radiographic techniques to estimate age?

• a) Gamma rays

• b) Infrared radiation

• d) Ultraviolet radiation

Solution: c)

Radiographic techniques such as X-rays are commonly used to estimate a person’s age by examining the maturity and degeneration of bones. X-rays allow for detailed imaging of bone structure, which helps in determining age-related changes such as the closure of growth plates or bone wear. Other forms of radiation, such as gamma rays, infrared radiation, and ultraviolet radiation, are not typically used for age estimation in this context.

Solution: c)

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Third-Party Litigation Funding (TPLF): It allows lawyers to fund their clients’ cases. The Supreme Court of India has allowed TPLF with certain restrictions. TPLF is regulated by the Representation of the People Act, 1951. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 1, 2, and 3 c) 1 and 3 only d) 2 only Correct Solution: d) Third-Party Litigation Funding (TPLF) refers to a financial arrangement where a third party provides funding for a legal case in exchange for a share of the settlement or judgment. The Supreme Court of India has allowed TPLF but has placed certain restrictions, including a prohibition on lawyers funding their clients’ cases. TPLF is not regulated under the Representation of the People Act, 1951. Thus, Statement 1 and Statement 3 are incorrect, and only Statement 2 is correct. Incorrect Solution: d) Third-Party Litigation Funding (TPLF) refers to a financial arrangement where a third party provides funding for a legal case in exchange for a share of the settlement or judgment. The Supreme Court of India has allowed TPLF but has placed certain restrictions, including a prohibition on lawyers funding their clients’ cases. TPLF is not regulated under the Representation of the People Act, 1951. Thus, Statement 1 and Statement 3 are incorrect, and only Statement 2 is correct.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Third-Party Litigation Funding (TPLF):

• It allows lawyers to fund their clients’ cases.

• The Supreme Court of India has allowed TPLF with certain restrictions.

• TPLF is regulated by the Representation of the People Act, 1951.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• a) 1 and 2 only

• b) 1, 2, and 3

• c) 1 and 3 only

Solution: d)

Third-Party Litigation Funding (TPLF) refers to a financial arrangement where a third party provides funding for a legal case in exchange for a share of the settlement or judgment. The Supreme Court of India has allowed TPLF but has placed certain restrictions, including a prohibition on lawyers funding their clients’ cases. TPLF is not regulated under the Representation of the People Act, 1951. Thus, Statement 1 and Statement 3 are incorrect, and only Statement 2 is correct.

Solution: d)

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about BEML (Bharat Earth Movers Limited): BEML was founded with the assistance of the Soviet Union. It is currently fully owned by the Indian government. BEML is involved in manufacturing equipment for mining and railways. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 2 and 3 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 1 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: b) BEML (Bharat Earth Movers Limited) was founded on May 11, 1964, with the assistance of the Soviet Union. It plays a key role in India’s industrial sector by manufacturing equipment for mining, construction, and railways, among other industries. However, BEML is no longer fully owned by the Indian government. Over the years, there has been significant disinvestment, with the government divesting a portion of its ownership. Currently, the government holds a minority stake, with additional plans for further strategic disinvestment. Incorrect Solution: b) BEML (Bharat Earth Movers Limited) was founded on May 11, 1964, with the assistance of the Soviet Union. It plays a key role in India’s industrial sector by manufacturing equipment for mining, construction, and railways, among other industries. However, BEML is no longer fully owned by the Indian government. Over the years, there has been significant disinvestment, with the government divesting a portion of its ownership. Currently, the government holds a minority stake, with additional plans for further strategic disinvestment.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements about BEML (Bharat Earth Movers Limited):

• BEML was founded with the assistance of the Soviet Union.

• It is currently fully owned by the Indian government.

• BEML is involved in manufacturing equipment for mining and railways.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• a) 2 and 3 only

• b) 1 and 3 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: b)

BEML (Bharat Earth Movers Limited) was founded on May 11, 1964, with the assistance of the Soviet Union. It plays a key role in India’s industrial sector by manufacturing equipment for mining, construction, and railways, among other industries. However, BEML is no longer fully owned by the Indian government. Over the years, there has been significant disinvestment, with the government divesting a portion of its ownership. Currently, the government holds a minority stake, with additional plans for further strategic disinvestment.

Solution: b)

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2024: It is co-hosted by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. The theme is “The Future is Now.” It focuses on 6G, AI, and quantum technology. It is Asia’s premier digital technology exhibition. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 2 and 3 only b) 2, 3, and 4 only c) 1 and 4 only d) 1, 2, 3, and 4 Correct Solution: b) The India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2024 is co-hosted by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) and the Cellular Operators Association of India (COAI), not the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. The theme of the event is “The Future is Now,” which focuses on cutting-edge technologies such as 6G, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and quantum technology. IMC 2024 is considered Asia’s premier digital technology exhibition, attracting global attention. Statement 1 is incorrect, while Statements 2, 3, and 4 are correct. Incorrect Solution: b) The India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2024 is co-hosted by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) and the Cellular Operators Association of India (COAI), not the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. The theme of the event is “The Future is Now,” which focuses on cutting-edge technologies such as 6G, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and quantum technology. IMC 2024 is considered Asia’s premier digital technology exhibition, attracting global attention. Statement 1 is incorrect, while Statements 2, 3, and 4 are correct.

#### 6. Question

Consider the following statements about India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2024:

• It is co-hosted by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.

• The theme is “The Future is Now.”

• It focuses on 6G, AI, and quantum technology.

• It is Asia’s premier digital technology exhibition.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• a) 2 and 3 only

• b) 2, 3, and 4 only

• c) 1 and 4 only

• d) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Solution: b)

The India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2024 is co-hosted by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) and the Cellular Operators Association of India (COAI), not the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.

The theme of the event is “The Future is Now,” which focuses on cutting-edge technologies such as 6G, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and quantum technology.

IMC 2024 is considered Asia’s premier digital technology exhibition, attracting global attention. Statement 1 is incorrect, while Statements 2, 3, and 4 are correct.

Solution: b)

The theme of the event is “The Future is Now,” which focuses on cutting-edge technologies such as 6G, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and quantum technology.

IMC 2024 is considered Asia’s premier digital technology exhibition, attracting global attention. Statement 1 is incorrect, while Statements 2, 3, and 4 are correct.

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Haber-Bosch Process: The process combines nitrogen and hydrogen under high pressure to produce ammonia. The reaction uses platinum-based catalysts. It is crucial for large-scale fertilizer production. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) The Haber-Bosch process is a chemical reaction used to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen under high pressure and temperature. This process is critical for large-scale fertilizer production due to the role ammonia plays in producing fertilizers. The reaction does not use platinum-based catalysts, but instead typically employs iron-based catalysts. Therefore, Statement 2 is incorrect. Incorrect Solution: a) The Haber-Bosch process is a chemical reaction used to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen under high pressure and temperature. This process is critical for large-scale fertilizer production due to the role ammonia plays in producing fertilizers. The reaction does not use platinum-based catalysts, but instead typically employs iron-based catalysts. Therefore, Statement 2 is incorrect.

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements about the Haber-Bosch Process:

• The process combines nitrogen and hydrogen under high pressure to produce ammonia.

• The reaction uses platinum-based catalysts.

• It is crucial for large-scale fertilizer production.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

The Haber-Bosch process is a chemical reaction used to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen under high pressure and temperature. This process is critical for large-scale fertilizer production due to the role ammonia plays in producing fertilizers. The reaction does not use platinum-based catalysts, but instead typically employs iron-based catalysts. Therefore, Statement 2 is incorrect.

Solution: a)

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about Ossification Testing: Ossification tests determine age by assessing bone development. They are used to estimate age with a margin of error of up to two years. This method is not influenced by external factors like climate or diet. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 and 3 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 2 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: c) Ossification tests are used to estimate an individual’s age by analyzing the development and fusion of bones, especially the epiphyseal growth plates. The tests generally provide an estimate with a margin of error of up to two years, depending on the individual. However, ossification rates can be influenced by external factors such as climate, diet, and heredity, which can affect the precision of the estimation. Thus, Statement 3 is incorrect. Incorrect Solution: c) Ossification tests are used to estimate an individual’s age by analyzing the development and fusion of bones, especially the epiphyseal growth plates. The tests generally provide an estimate with a margin of error of up to two years, depending on the individual. However, ossification rates can be influenced by external factors such as climate, diet, and heredity, which can affect the precision of the estimation. Thus, Statement 3 is incorrect.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements about Ossification Testing:

• Ossification tests determine age by assessing bone development.

• They are used to estimate age with a margin of error of up to two years.

• This method is not influenced by external factors like climate or diet.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• a) 1 and 3 only

• b) 2 and 3 only

• c) 1 and 2 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: c)

Ossification tests are used to estimate an individual’s age by analyzing the development and fusion of bones, especially the epiphyseal growth plates. The tests generally provide an estimate with a margin of error of up to two years, depending on the individual. However, ossification rates can be influenced by external factors such as climate, diet, and heredity, which can affect the precision of the estimation. Thus, Statement 3 is incorrect.

Solution: c)

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Match the following volcanic types with their characteristics: Type of Volcano Characteristic A. Stratovolcano 1. Steep, cone-shaped volcanoes with explosive eruptions B. Shield Volcano 2. Broad, dome-shaped, with gentle lava flows C. Caldera 3. Large crater formed by volcanic collapse D. Cinder Cone 4. Small, steep-sided volcano built from volcanic debris Select the correct answer code: a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 b) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2 c) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1 d) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 Correct Solution: a) Stratovolcano (A-1): Characterized by steep sides and explosive eruptions, like Mount St. Helens. Shield Volcano (B-2): Formed by lava flows with a broad, gentle slope, such as Mauna Loa in Hawaii. Caldera (C-3): A large depression formed when a volcano collapses, as seen in Yellowstone. Cinder Cone (D-4): A small, steep volcano made of volcanic ash, pumice, and lava fragments. Incorrect Solution: a) Stratovolcano (A-1): Characterized by steep sides and explosive eruptions, like Mount St. Helens. Shield Volcano (B-2): Formed by lava flows with a broad, gentle slope, such as Mauna Loa in Hawaii. Caldera (C-3): A large depression formed when a volcano collapses, as seen in Yellowstone. Cinder Cone (D-4): A small, steep volcano made of volcanic ash, pumice, and lava fragments.

#### 9. Question

Match the following volcanic types with their characteristics:

Type of Volcano | Characteristic

A. Stratovolcano | 1. Steep, cone-shaped volcanoes with explosive eruptions

B. Shield Volcano | 2. Broad, dome-shaped, with gentle lava flows

C. Caldera | 3. Large crater formed by volcanic collapse

D. Cinder Cone | 4. Small, steep-sided volcano built from volcanic debris

Select the correct answer code:

• a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

• b) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

• c) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1

• d) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

Solution: a)

Stratovolcano (A-1): Characterized by steep sides and explosive eruptions, like Mount St. Helens.

Shield Volcano (B-2): Formed by lava flows with a broad, gentle slope, such as Mauna Loa in Hawaii.

Caldera (C-3): A large depression formed when a volcano collapses, as seen in Yellowstone.

Cinder Cone (D-4): A small, steep volcano made of volcanic ash, pumice, and lava fragments.

Solution: a)

Stratovolcano (A-1): Characterized by steep sides and explosive eruptions, like Mount St. Helens.

Shield Volcano (B-2): Formed by lava flows with a broad, gentle slope, such as Mauna Loa in Hawaii.

Caldera (C-3): A large depression formed when a volcano collapses, as seen in Yellowstone.

Cinder Cone (D-4): A small, steep volcano made of volcanic ash, pumice, and lava fragments.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Exit Poll Methodology: Larger sample sizes always lead to more accurate exit poll results. Exit polls use stratified sampling to represent various demographics. Weighting is used in exit polls to ensure fair representation of the population. Which of the above statements are incorrect? a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1 only Correct Solution: d) Exit polls are designed to predict election outcomes by gathering data from a representative sample of voters as they leave polling stations. Statement 1 is incorrect because while larger sample sizes can enhance accuracy, they do not always guarantee more accurate results. The key factor is stratified sampling (Statement 2), which ensures that various demographics such as age, gender, caste, and geography are proportionately represented in the sample. Statement 3 is correct because weighting is often applied to the collected data to adjust for any imbalances, ensuring that the sample reflects the broader population. Accurate predictions depend more on the appropriate sampling methodology and weighting rather than just increasing sample size. Incorrect Solution: d) Exit polls are designed to predict election outcomes by gathering data from a representative sample of voters as they leave polling stations. Statement 1 is incorrect because while larger sample sizes can enhance accuracy, they do not always guarantee more accurate results. The key factor is stratified sampling (Statement 2), which ensures that various demographics such as age, gender, caste, and geography are proportionately represented in the sample. Statement 3 is correct because weighting is often applied to the collected data to adjust for any imbalances, ensuring that the sample reflects the broader population. Accurate predictions depend more on the appropriate sampling methodology and weighting rather than just increasing sample size.

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Exit Poll Methodology:

• Larger sample sizes always lead to more accurate exit poll results.

• Exit polls use stratified sampling to represent various demographics.

• Weighting is used in exit polls to ensure fair representation of the population.

Which of the above statements are incorrect?

• a) 1 and 2 only

• b) 2 and 3 only

• c) 1 and 3 only

Solution: d)

Exit polls are designed to predict election outcomes by gathering data from a representative sample of voters as they leave polling stations.

Statement 1 is incorrect because while larger sample sizes can enhance accuracy, they do not always guarantee more accurate results. The key factor is stratified sampling (Statement 2), which ensures that various demographics such as age, gender, caste, and geography are proportionately represented in the sample.

Statement 3 is correct because weighting is often applied to the collected data to adjust for any imbalances, ensuring that the sample reflects the broader population. Accurate predictions depend more on the appropriate sampling methodology and weighting rather than just increasing sample size.

Solution: d)

Exit polls are designed to predict election outcomes by gathering data from a representative sample of voters as they leave polling stations.

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