UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 16 November 2024

.The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Under the recent Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) notification, which of the following is correct regarding industries with Environmental Clearance (EC)? a) They still require a separate Consent to Establish (CTE) from State Pollution Control Boards. b) They only require a Consent to Establish (CTE) for the first year of operation. c) They are exempted from all pollution-related approvals. d) They no longer require a separate Consent to Establish (CTE) but must still comply with environmental standards. Correct Solution: d) Under the recent MoEFCC notification, industries with Environmental Clearance (EC) are exempted from obtaining a separate Consent to Establish (CTE) from State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs). This exemption aims to streamline regulatory procedures, reducing duplication and delays in project initiation. However, this does not mean industries are relieved of their environmental obligations. Compliance with environmental standards, as outlined in the EC, remains mandatory to ensure that projects operate within permissible limits for pollution control and environmental protection. The SPCBs are actively involved during the EC process, ensuring that all aspects previously covered under CTE are addressed comprehensively. This integrated approach maintains accountability while simplifying administrative requirements. By eliminating the need for separate CTEs, the notification reduces redundancy without compromising environmental oversight. This measure balances the need for industrial growth with environmental conservation, supporting efficient governance and sustainable development practices. Incorrect Solution: d) Under the recent MoEFCC notification, industries with Environmental Clearance (EC) are exempted from obtaining a separate Consent to Establish (CTE) from State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs). This exemption aims to streamline regulatory procedures, reducing duplication and delays in project initiation. However, this does not mean industries are relieved of their environmental obligations. Compliance with environmental standards, as outlined in the EC, remains mandatory to ensure that projects operate within permissible limits for pollution control and environmental protection. The SPCBs are actively involved during the EC process, ensuring that all aspects previously covered under CTE are addressed comprehensively. This integrated approach maintains accountability while simplifying administrative requirements. By eliminating the need for separate CTEs, the notification reduces redundancy without compromising environmental oversight. This measure balances the need for industrial growth with environmental conservation, supporting efficient governance and sustainable development practices.

#### 1. Question

Under the recent Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) notification, which of the following is correct regarding industries with Environmental Clearance (EC)?

• a) They still require a separate Consent to Establish (CTE) from State Pollution Control Boards.

• b) They only require a Consent to Establish (CTE) for the first year of operation.

• c) They are exempted from all pollution-related approvals.

• d) They no longer require a separate Consent to Establish (CTE) but must still comply with environmental standards.

Solution: d)

Under the recent MoEFCC notification, industries with Environmental Clearance (EC) are exempted from obtaining a separate Consent to Establish (CTE) from State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs). This exemption aims to streamline regulatory procedures, reducing duplication and delays in project initiation. However, this does not mean industries are relieved of their environmental obligations. Compliance with environmental standards, as outlined in the EC, remains mandatory to ensure that projects operate within permissible limits for pollution control and environmental protection.

The SPCBs are actively involved during the EC process, ensuring that all aspects previously covered under CTE are addressed comprehensively. This integrated approach maintains accountability while simplifying administrative requirements.

By eliminating the need for separate CTEs, the notification reduces redundancy without compromising environmental oversight. This measure balances the need for industrial growth with environmental conservation, supporting efficient governance and sustainable development practices.

Solution: d)

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Janjatiya Gaurav Divas: It was launched to honor the 100th birth anniversary of Birsa Munda. The day celebrates the cultural heritage and history of tribal communities across India. It commemorates tribal movements for independence and social justice. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Janjatiya Gaurav Divas was launched in 2021 to commemorate the 150th birth anniversary of Birsa Munda, a revered tribal leader and freedom fighter. Thus, Statement 1 is incorrect. The initiative celebrates the rich cultural heritage and history of tribal communities across India, emphasizing their significant contributions to the nation’s diversity and identity. This makes Statement 2 correct. Additionally, the day recognizes the vital role played by tribal communities in India’s freedom struggle and social justice movements, such as Birsa Munda’s leadership in the Munda Rebellion against British land policies. This focus on tribal movements for independence and justice makes Statement 3 correct. Incorrect Solution: b) Janjatiya Gaurav Divas was launched in 2021 to commemorate the 150th birth anniversary of Birsa Munda, a revered tribal leader and freedom fighter. Thus, Statement 1 is incorrect. The initiative celebrates the rich cultural heritage and history of tribal communities across India, emphasizing their significant contributions to the nation’s diversity and identity. This makes Statement 2 correct. Additionally, the day recognizes the vital role played by tribal communities in India’s freedom struggle and social justice movements, such as Birsa Munda’s leadership in the Munda Rebellion against British land policies. This focus on tribal movements for independence and justice makes Statement 3 correct.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Janjatiya Gaurav Divas:

• It was launched to honor the 100th birth anniversary of Birsa Munda.

• The day celebrates the cultural heritage and history of tribal communities across India.

• It commemorates tribal movements for independence and social justice.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Janjatiya Gaurav Divas was launched in 2021 to commemorate the 150th birth anniversary of Birsa Munda, a revered tribal leader and freedom fighter. Thus, Statement 1 is incorrect.

The initiative celebrates the rich cultural heritage and history of tribal communities across India, emphasizing their significant contributions to the nation’s diversity and identity. This makes Statement 2 correct.

Additionally, the day recognizes the vital role played by tribal communities in India’s freedom struggle and social justice movements, such as Birsa Munda’s leadership in the Munda Rebellion against British land policies. This focus on tribal movements for independence and justice makes Statement 3 correct.

Solution: b)

Janjatiya Gaurav Divas was launched in 2021 to commemorate the 150th birth anniversary of Birsa Munda, a revered tribal leader and freedom fighter. Thus, Statement 1 is incorrect.

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding African elephants: Both African Bush and Forest Elephants have two-finger-like processes at the trunk’s tip. African Forest Elephants are classified as Critically Endangered by the IUCN. Both male and female African Forest Elephants have tusks. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) Second Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) b) Justice Verma Committee c) Santosh Hegde Committee d) Justice B.P. Jeevan Reddy Committee Correct Solution: d) The Justice B.P. Jeevan Reddy Committee (2004) proposed incorporating AFSPA’s provisions into the UAPA, 1967, while recommending the repeal of AFSPA to balance security and human rights. Other committees made different suggestions, including periodic reviews or addressing sexual violence cases under ordinary law. Incorrect Solution: d) The Justice B.P. Jeevan Reddy Committee (2004) proposed incorporating AFSPA’s provisions into the UAPA, 1967, while recommending the repeal of AFSPA to balance security and human rights. Other committees made different suggestions, including periodic reviews or addressing sexual violence cases under ordinary law.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding African elephants:

• Both African Bush and Forest Elephants have two-finger-like processes at the trunk’s tip.

• African Forest Elephants are classified as Critically Endangered by the IUCN.

• Both male and female African Forest Elephants have tusks.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Second Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC)

• b) Justice Verma Committee

• c) Santosh Hegde Committee

• d) Justice B.P. Jeevan Reddy Committee

Solution: d)

The Justice B.P. Jeevan Reddy Committee (2004) proposed incorporating AFSPA’s provisions into the UAPA, 1967, while recommending the repeal of AFSPA to balance security and human rights. Other committees made different suggestions, including periodic reviews or addressing sexual violence cases under ordinary law.

Solution: d)

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan: It focuses exclusively on employment generation in tribal regions. The program aims to preserve tribal traditions alongside socio-economic development. It is a state-specific initiative limited to the Chotanagpur Plateau. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) None of the above Correct Solution: b) The Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan is a comprehensive initiative aimed at improving the socio-economic well-being of tribal communities across India. Statement 1 is incorrect because while employment generation is an important focus, the program also emphasizes education, healthcare, and overall well-being, ensuring a holistic approach to development. Statement 2 is correct, as the initiative not only addresses socio-economic upliftment but also prioritizes the preservation of tribal traditions and culture, recognizing their integral role in India’s heritage. Statement 3 is incorrect because this program is a national campaign implemented across tribal regions in India, not restricted to the Chotanagpur Plateau or any specific state. Incorrect Solution: b) The Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan is a comprehensive initiative aimed at improving the socio-economic well-being of tribal communities across India. Statement 1 is incorrect because while employment generation is an important focus, the program also emphasizes education, healthcare, and overall well-being, ensuring a holistic approach to development. Statement 2 is correct, as the initiative not only addresses socio-economic upliftment but also prioritizes the preservation of tribal traditions and culture, recognizing their integral role in India’s heritage. Statement 3 is incorrect because this program is a national campaign implemented across tribal regions in India, not restricted to the Chotanagpur Plateau or any specific state.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements about Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan:

• It focuses exclusively on employment generation in tribal regions.

• The program aims to preserve tribal traditions alongside socio-economic development.

• It is a state-specific initiative limited to the Chotanagpur Plateau.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• d) None of the above

Solution: b)

The Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan is a comprehensive initiative aimed at improving the socio-economic well-being of tribal communities across India.

Statement 1 is incorrect because while employment generation is an important focus, the program also emphasizes education, healthcare, and overall well-being, ensuring a holistic approach to development.

Statement 2 is correct, as the initiative not only addresses socio-economic upliftment but also prioritizes the preservation of tribal traditions and culture, recognizing their integral role in India’s heritage.

Statement 3 is incorrect because this program is a national campaign implemented across tribal regions in India, not restricted to the Chotanagpur Plateau or any specific state.

Solution: b)

The Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan is a comprehensive initiative aimed at improving the socio-economic well-being of tribal communities across India.

Statement 3 is incorrect because this program is a national campaign implemented across tribal regions in India, not restricted to the Chotanagpur Plateau or any specific state.

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP): GRAP was approved by the Supreme Court in the Taj Trapezium Zone case. GRAP is implemented across all metropolitan cities in India. The revised GRAP includes additional measures to handle AQI deterioration during winter. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 1 and 3 only Correct Solution: c) The Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) is a framework designed to combat air pollution based on the Air Quality Index (AQI). Statement 1 is incorrect because GRAP was approved by the Supreme Court in the M.C. Mehta vs. Union of India case, not the Taj Trapezium Zone case. Statement 2 is also incorrect as GRAP is not implemented across all metropolitan cities in India but is specifically applicable to the Delhi-NCR region, which faces severe air quality issues. Statement 3 is correct as the revised GRAP, effective October 2023, includes enhanced measures to handle AQI deterioration during winter, addressing pollution hotspots, regulating vehicle emissions, and restricting industrial activities as AQI worsens. Incorrect Solution: c) The Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) is a framework designed to combat air pollution based on the Air Quality Index (AQI). Statement 1 is incorrect because GRAP was approved by the Supreme Court in the M.C. Mehta vs. Union of India case, not the Taj Trapezium Zone case. Statement 2 is also incorrect as GRAP is not implemented across all metropolitan cities in India but is specifically applicable to the Delhi-NCR region, which faces severe air quality issues. Statement 3 is correct as the revised GRAP, effective October 2023, includes enhanced measures to handle AQI deterioration during winter, addressing pollution hotspots, regulating vehicle emissions, and restricting industrial activities as AQI worsens.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements about the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP):

• GRAP was approved by the Supreme Court in the Taj Trapezium Zone case.

• GRAP is implemented across all metropolitan cities in India.

• The revised GRAP includes additional measures to handle AQI deterioration during winter.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• d) 1 and 3 only

Solution: c)

The Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) is a framework designed to combat air pollution based on the Air Quality Index (AQI).

Statement 1 is incorrect because GRAP was approved by the Supreme Court in the M.C. Mehta vs. Union of India case, not the Taj Trapezium Zone case.

Statement 2 is also incorrect as GRAP is not implemented across all metropolitan cities in India but is specifically applicable to the Delhi-NCR region, which faces severe air quality issues.

Statement 3 is correct as the revised GRAP, effective October 2023, includes enhanced measures to handle AQI deterioration during winter, addressing pollution hotspots, regulating vehicle emissions, and restricting industrial activities as AQI worsens.

Solution: c)

The Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) is a framework designed to combat air pollution based on the Air Quality Index (AQI).

Statement 1 is incorrect because GRAP was approved by the Supreme Court in the M.C. Mehta vs. Union of India case, not the Taj Trapezium Zone case.

Statement 2 is also incorrect as GRAP is not implemented across all metropolitan cities in India but is specifically applicable to the Delhi-NCR region, which faces severe air quality issues.

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): It was established as a specialized agency under the United Nations. It oversees compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). It promotes nuclear energy applications for peaceful purposes globally. Its headquarters is located in Geneva, Switzerland. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 and 3 only b) 2 and 4 only c) 3 only d) 1, 2, and 4 only Correct Solution: c) The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was established in 1957 as an autonomous body under the United Nations system, tasked with promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy while ensuring nuclear materials are not diverted for military purposes. Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect because the IAEA oversees compliance with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), not the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), which is monitored by the CTBTO. Statement 3 is correct as the IAEA actively promotes the peaceful applications of nuclear energy, including in medicine, agriculture, and energy production, benefiting countries worldwide. Statement 4 is incorrect because the headquarters of the IAEA is located in Vienna, Austria, not Geneva, Switzerland. Incorrect Solution: c) The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was established in 1957 as an autonomous body under the United Nations system, tasked with promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy while ensuring nuclear materials are not diverted for military purposes. Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect because the IAEA oversees compliance with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), not the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), which is monitored by the CTBTO. Statement 3 is correct as the IAEA actively promotes the peaceful applications of nuclear energy, including in medicine, agriculture, and energy production, benefiting countries worldwide. Statement 4 is incorrect because the headquarters of the IAEA is located in Vienna, Austria, not Geneva, Switzerland.

#### 6. Question

Consider the following statements about the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA):

• It was established as a specialized agency under the United Nations.

• It oversees compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT).

• It promotes nuclear energy applications for peaceful purposes globally.

• Its headquarters is located in Geneva, Switzerland.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) 1 and 3 only

• b) 2 and 4 only

• d) 1, 2, and 4 only

Solution: c)

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was established in 1957 as an autonomous body under the United Nations system, tasked with promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy while ensuring nuclear materials are not diverted for military purposes. Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.

Statement 2 is incorrect because the IAEA oversees compliance with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), not the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), which is monitored by the CTBTO.

Statement 3 is correct as the IAEA actively promotes the peaceful applications of nuclear energy, including in medicine, agriculture, and energy production, benefiting countries worldwide.

Statement 4 is incorrect because the headquarters of the IAEA is located in Vienna, Austria, not Geneva, Switzerland.

Solution: c)

Statement 3 is correct as the IAEA actively promotes the peaceful applications of nuclear energy, including in medicine, agriculture, and energy production, benefiting countries worldwide.

Statement 4 is incorrect because the headquarters of the IAEA is located in Vienna, Austria, not Geneva, Switzerland.

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Which of the following countries launched the Student Direct Stream (SDS) visa program in 2018? a) United States b) United Kingdom c) Australia d) Canada Correct Solution: d) The Student Direct Stream (SDS) visa program was launched by Canada in 2018 to provide expedited visa processing for students from select countries, including India, focusing on streamlining education opportunities abroad. Incorrect Solution: d) The Student Direct Stream (SDS) visa program was launched by Canada in 2018 to provide expedited visa processing for students from select countries, including India, focusing on streamlining education opportunities abroad.

#### 7. Question

Which of the following countries launched the Student Direct Stream (SDS) visa program in 2018?

• a) United States

• b) United Kingdom

• c) Australia

Solution: d)

The Student Direct Stream (SDS) visa program was launched by Canada in 2018 to provide expedited visa processing for students from select countries, including India, focusing on streamlining education opportunities abroad.

Solution: d)

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) notification on dual compliance of Environmental Clearance (EC) and Consent to Establish (CTE). Dual approval is mandated under the Air Act, 1981 and Water Act, 1974. The recent exemption applies to all categories of industries. The exemption aims to streamline approvals while maintaining environmental oversight. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct as dual approval requirements are mandated by the Air and Water Acts. Statement 2 is incorrect because the exemption applies only to certain categories like white category industries, not all industries. Statement 3 is correct as the exemption seeks to reduce regulatory bottlenecks while ensuring environmental oversight through integrated EC processes. The Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has issued a notification addressing a long-standing industry demand by removing the requirement for dual compliance of Environmental Clearance (EC) and Consent to Establish (CTE). Exempts Industries from Dual Approvals: Key Points What is Dual Approval? Dual approval refers to the mandatory requirement for industries to obtain both Environmental Clearance (EC) and Consent to Establish (CTE) from State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) under the Air Act, 1981 and Water Act, 1974 before starting operations. Relevant laws governing approvals: The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 mandate dual approvals to prevent pollution from industrial operations. Exemption given: Non-polluting ‘white category’ industries are exempted from obtaining CTE and Consent to Operate (CTO). Industries with Environmental Clearance (EC) will no longer require a separate CTE. Industries exempted: 39 categories of white category industries including: Solar cell and module manufacturing Wind and hydel power units Fly ash brick manufacturing Leather cutting and stitching Air-cooler and air-conditioner assembling, repairing, and servicing. Process of exemption: State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) will be consulted during the EC process to ensure all aspects covered by CTE are addressed. A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) has been issued for this integrated process. Industries will still pay a CTE fee to ensure no revenue loss for States. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct as dual approval requirements are mandated by the Air and Water Acts. Statement 2 is incorrect because the exemption applies only to certain categories like white category industries, not all industries. Statement 3 is correct as the exemption seeks to reduce regulatory bottlenecks while ensuring environmental oversight through integrated EC processes. The Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has issued a notification addressing a long-standing industry demand by removing the requirement for dual compliance of Environmental Clearance (EC) and Consent to Establish (CTE). Exempts Industries from Dual Approvals: Key Points What is Dual Approval? Dual approval refers to the mandatory requirement for industries to obtain both Environmental Clearance (EC) and Consent to Establish (CTE) from State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) under the Air Act, 1981 and Water Act, 1974 before starting operations. Relevant laws governing approvals: The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 mandate dual approvals to prevent pollution from industrial operations. Exemption given: Non-polluting ‘white category’ industries are exempted from obtaining CTE and Consent to Operate (CTO). Industries with Environmental Clearance (EC) will no longer require a separate CTE. Industries exempted: 39 categories of white category industries including: Solar cell and module manufacturing Wind and hydel power units Fly ash brick manufacturing Leather cutting and stitching Air-cooler and air-conditioner assembling, repairing, and servicing. Process of exemption: State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) will be consulted during the EC process to ensure all aspects covered by CTE are addressed. A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) has been issued for this integrated process. Industries will still pay a CTE fee to ensure no revenue loss for States.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) notification on dual compliance of Environmental Clearance (EC) and Consent to Establish (CTE).

• Dual approval is mandated under the Air Act, 1981 and Water Act, 1974.

• The recent exemption applies to all categories of industries.

• The exemption aims to streamline approvals while maintaining environmental oversight.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

• Statement 1 is correct as dual approval requirements are mandated by the Air and Water Acts.

• Statement 2 is incorrect because the exemption applies only to certain categories like white category industries, not all industries.

• Statement 3 is correct as the exemption seeks to reduce regulatory bottlenecks while ensuring environmental oversight through integrated EC processes.

The Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has issued a notification addressing a long-standing industry demand by removing the requirement for dual compliance of Environmental Clearance (EC) and Consent to Establish (CTE).

Exempts Industries from Dual Approvals: Key Points

• What is Dual Approval? Dual approval refers to the mandatory requirement for industries to obtain both Environmental Clearance (EC) and Consent to Establish (CTE) from State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) under the Air Act, 1981 and Water Act, 1974 before starting operations.

• Dual approval refers to the mandatory requirement for industries to obtain both Environmental Clearance (EC) and Consent to Establish (CTE) from State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) under the Air Act, 1981 and Water Act, 1974 before starting operations.

• Relevant laws governing approvals: The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 mandate dual approvals to prevent pollution from industrial operations.

• The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 mandate dual approvals to prevent pollution from industrial operations.

• Exemption given: Non-polluting ‘white category’ industries are exempted from obtaining CTE and Consent to Operate (CTO). Industries with Environmental Clearance (EC) will no longer require a separate CTE.

• Non-polluting ‘white category’ industries are exempted from obtaining CTE and Consent to Operate (CTO).

• Industries with Environmental Clearance (EC) will no longer require a separate CTE.

• Industries exempted: 39 categories of white category industries including: Solar cell and module manufacturing Wind and hydel power units Fly ash brick manufacturing Leather cutting and stitching Air-cooler and air-conditioner assembling, repairing, and servicing.

• 39 categories of white category industries including: Solar cell and module manufacturing Wind and hydel power units Fly ash brick manufacturing Leather cutting and stitching Air-cooler and air-conditioner assembling, repairing, and servicing.

• Solar cell and module manufacturing

• Wind and hydel power units

• Fly ash brick manufacturing

• Leather cutting and stitching

• Air-cooler and air-conditioner assembling, repairing, and servicing.

• Process of exemption: State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) will be consulted during the EC process to ensure all aspects covered by CTE are addressed. A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) has been issued for this integrated process. Industries will still pay a CTE fee to ensure no revenue loss for States.

• State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) will be consulted during the EC process to ensure all aspects covered by CTE are addressed.

• A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) has been issued for this integrated process.

• Industries will still pay a CTE fee to ensure no revenue loss for States.

Solution: b)

• Statement 1 is correct as dual approval requirements are mandated by the Air and Water Acts.

• Statement 2 is incorrect because the exemption applies only to certain categories like white category industries, not all industries.

• Statement 3 is correct as the exemption seeks to reduce regulatory bottlenecks while ensuring environmental oversight through integrated EC processes.

Exempts Industries from Dual Approvals: Key Points

• The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 mandate dual approvals to prevent pollution from industrial operations.

• Non-polluting ‘white category’ industries are exempted from obtaining CTE and Consent to Operate (CTO).

• Industries with Environmental Clearance (EC) will no longer require a separate CTE.

• Solar cell and module manufacturing

• Wind and hydel power units

• Fly ash brick manufacturing

• Leather cutting and stitching

• Air-cooler and air-conditioner assembling, repairing, and servicing.

• State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) will be consulted during the EC process to ensure all aspects covered by CTE are addressed.

• A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) has been issued for this integrated process.

• Industries will still pay a CTE fee to ensure no revenue loss for States.

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the strategic importance of the Solomon Islands: The Solomon Islands were a major battleground during World War II. The islands are located in the Indian Ocean, making them critical for trade between Africa and Southeast Asia. The region has significant biodiversity and marine resources. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 and 3 only b) 1 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 3 only Correct Solution: a) Statement 1 is correct: The Solomon Islands were the site of major battles during World War II, including the Battle of Guadalcanal. Statement 2 is incorrect: The Solomon Islands are located in the Pacific Ocean, not the Indian Ocean. Statement 3 is correct: The region is known for its rich biodiversity and marine resources, including coral reefs and fisheries. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement 1 is correct: The Solomon Islands were the site of major battles during World War II, including the Battle of Guadalcanal. Statement 2 is incorrect: The Solomon Islands are located in the Pacific Ocean, not the Indian Ocean. Statement 3 is correct: The region is known for its rich biodiversity and marine resources, including coral reefs and fisheries.

#### 9. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the strategic importance of the Solomon Islands:

• The Solomon Islands were a major battleground during World War II.

• The islands are located in the Indian Ocean, making them critical for trade between Africa and Southeast Asia.

• The region has significant biodiversity and marine resources.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) 1 and 3 only

• c) 2 and 3 only

Solution: a)

• Statement 1 is correct: The Solomon Islands were the site of major battles during World War II, including the Battle of Guadalcanal.

• Statement 2 is incorrect: The Solomon Islands are located in the Pacific Ocean, not the Indian Ocean.

• Statement 3 is correct: The region is known for its rich biodiversity and marine resources, including coral reefs and fisheries.

Solution: a)

• Statement 1 is correct: The Solomon Islands were the site of major battles during World War II, including the Battle of Guadalcanal.

• Statement 2 is incorrect: The Solomon Islands are located in the Pacific Ocean, not the Indian Ocean.

• Statement 3 is correct: The region is known for its rich biodiversity and marine resources, including coral reefs and fisheries.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between corals and zooxanthellae? a) Commensalism, where one benefits, and the other is unaffected. b) Parasitism, where the zooxanthellae harm the coral. c) Mutualism, where both benefit. d) Predation, where zooxanthellae feed on coral tissues. Correct Solution: c) Corals and zooxanthellae share a mutualistic relationship, where both organisms benefit. Zooxanthellae are microscopic algae that reside within the tissues of coral polyps. Through photosynthesis, zooxanthellae produce nutrients such as oxygen and glucose, which the corals use for their energy needs. This symbiotic relationship allows corals to thrive in nutrient-poor marine environments, especially in tropical reef ecosystems. In return, the corals provide the zooxanthellae with a protected environment within their tissues and access to compounds like carbon dioxide and essential nutrients required for photosynthesis. This relationship is vital for the coral’s growth and the formation of calcium carbonate skeletons, which are essential for building coral reefs. Incorrect Solution: c) Corals and zooxanthellae share a mutualistic relationship, where both organisms benefit. Zooxanthellae are microscopic algae that reside within the tissues of coral polyps. Through photosynthesis, zooxanthellae produce nutrients such as oxygen and glucose, which the corals use for their energy needs. This symbiotic relationship allows corals to thrive in nutrient-poor marine environments, especially in tropical reef ecosystems. In return, the corals provide the zooxanthellae with a protected environment within their tissues and access to compounds like carbon dioxide and essential nutrients required for photosynthesis. This relationship is vital for the coral’s growth and the formation of calcium carbonate skeletons, which are essential for building coral reefs.

#### 10. Question

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between corals and zooxanthellae?

• a) Commensalism, where one benefits, and the other is unaffected.

• b) Parasitism, where the zooxanthellae harm the coral.

• c) Mutualism, where both benefit.

• d) Predation, where zooxanthellae feed on coral tissues.

Solution: c)

Corals and zooxanthellae share a mutualistic relationship, where both organisms benefit. Zooxanthellae are microscopic algae that reside within the tissues of coral polyps. Through photosynthesis, zooxanthellae produce nutrients such as oxygen and glucose, which the corals use for their energy needs. This symbiotic relationship allows corals to thrive in nutrient-poor marine environments, especially in tropical reef ecosystems.

In return, the corals provide the zooxanthellae with a protected environment within their tissues and access to compounds like carbon dioxide and essential nutrients required for photosynthesis. This relationship is vital for the coral’s growth and the formation of calcium carbonate skeletons, which are essential for building coral reefs.

Solution: c)

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