UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 15 September 2025

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Panama Canal: The Panama Canal relies on Lake Gatun, an artificial lake, to provide the freshwater needed to operate its lock system. The canal connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, making it a crucial shipping route. Which of the above statements is/are incorrect? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: D The Panama Canal, a crucial shipping route connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, faces an existential threat from climate change. The canal relies on a system of locks and artificial lakes, particularly Lake Gatun, which provides the freshwater needed to operate the locks. However, persistent droughts, exacerbated by climate change, have significantly lowered water levels in Lake Gatun, reducing the canal’s capacity to handle ships. Incorrect Solution: D The Panama Canal, a crucial shipping route connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, faces an existential threat from climate change. The canal relies on a system of locks and artificial lakes, particularly Lake Gatun, which provides the freshwater needed to operate the locks. However, persistent droughts, exacerbated by climate change, have significantly lowered water levels in Lake Gatun, reducing the canal’s capacity to handle ships.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Panama Canal:

• The Panama Canal relies on Lake Gatun, an artificial lake, to provide the freshwater needed to operate its lock system.

• The canal connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, making it a crucial shipping route.

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: D

The Panama Canal, a crucial shipping route connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, faces an existential threat from climate change.

• The canal relies on a system of locks and artificial lakes, particularly Lake Gatun, which provides the freshwater needed to operate the locks.

• However, persistent droughts, exacerbated by climate change, have significantly lowered water levels in Lake Gatun, reducing the canal’s capacity to handle ships.

Solution: D

The Panama Canal, a crucial shipping route connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, faces an existential threat from climate change.

• The canal relies on a system of locks and artificial lakes, particularly Lake Gatun, which provides the freshwater needed to operate the locks.

• However, persistent droughts, exacerbated by climate change, have significantly lowered water levels in Lake Gatun, reducing the canal’s capacity to handle ships.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Tantalum: Tantalum is a rare metal with a high melting point and corrosion resistance. It is primarily used in the agriculture sector due to its ability to enhance crop yields. India imports almost all of its Tantalum, mainly from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is correct. Tantalum is a rare metal known for its high melting point and corrosion resistance, making it valuable in various industrial applications. Statement 2 is incorrect. Tantalum is not used in the agriculture sector; it is primarily used in electronics, aerospace, and medical applications. Statement 3 is correct. India imports almost all of its Tantalum, primarily from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is the largest producer of Tantalum in the world. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is correct. Tantalum is a rare metal known for its high melting point and corrosion resistance, making it valuable in various industrial applications. Statement 2 is incorrect. Tantalum is not used in the agriculture sector; it is primarily used in electronics, aerospace, and medical applications. Statement 3 is correct. India imports almost all of its Tantalum, primarily from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is the largest producer of Tantalum in the world.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Tantalum:

• Tantalum is a rare metal with a high melting point and corrosion resistance.

• It is primarily used in the agriculture sector due to its ability to enhance crop yields.

• India imports almost all of its Tantalum, mainly from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is correct. Tantalum is a rare metal known for its high melting point and corrosion resistance, making it valuable in various industrial applications.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. Tantalum is not used in the agriculture sector; it is primarily used in electronics, aerospace, and medical applications.

• Statement 3 is correct. India imports almost all of its Tantalum, primarily from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is the largest producer of Tantalum in the world.

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is correct. Tantalum is a rare metal known for its high melting point and corrosion resistance, making it valuable in various industrial applications.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. Tantalum is not used in the agriculture sector; it is primarily used in electronics, aerospace, and medical applications.

• Statement 3 is correct. India imports almost all of its Tantalum, primarily from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is the largest producer of Tantalum in the world.

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements. Statement-I: The Lokpal Act allows a Whistleblower to file complaints with the Lokpal while ensuring their identity remains confidential. Statement-II: The Whistleblower Protection Act, 2014, provides absolute immunity to those reporting corruption to Lokpal. Which one of the following is correct? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: C The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013, allows a whistleblower to file complaints with the Lokpal while ensuring their identity remains confidential. This protection is crucial to prevent retaliation against whistleblowers and encourage reporting of corruption. However, it does not mean that anonymity is absolute in all circumstances, as certain legal provisions may require disclosure under specific conditions. The Whistleblower Protection Act, 2014, does offer safeguards to individuals exposing corruption, but it does not grant absolute immunity. Whistleblowers may still face legal consequences if they violate confidentiality clauses, disclose classified information, or file frivolous complaints. Additionally, while the Act provides protection against victimization, it does not prevent inquiries or legal actions if the whistleblower is found guilty of misconduct. Incorrect Solution: C The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013, allows a whistleblower to file complaints with the Lokpal while ensuring their identity remains confidential. This protection is crucial to prevent retaliation against whistleblowers and encourage reporting of corruption. However, it does not mean that anonymity is absolute in all circumstances, as certain legal provisions may require disclosure under specific conditions. The Whistleblower Protection Act, 2014, does offer safeguards to individuals exposing corruption, but it does not grant absolute immunity. Whistleblowers may still face legal consequences if they violate confidentiality clauses, disclose classified information, or file frivolous complaints. Additionally, while the Act provides protection against victimization, it does not prevent inquiries or legal actions if the whistleblower is found guilty of misconduct.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements.

Statement-I: The Lokpal Act allows a Whistleblower to file complaints with the Lokpal while ensuring their identity remains confidential. Statement-II: The Whistleblower Protection Act, 2014, provides absolute immunity to those reporting corruption to Lokpal.

Which one of the following is correct?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: C

• The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013, allows a whistleblower to file complaints with the Lokpal while ensuring their identity remains confidential. This protection is crucial to prevent retaliation against whistleblowers and encourage reporting of corruption. However, it does not mean that anonymity is absolute in all circumstances, as certain legal provisions may require disclosure under specific conditions.

• The Whistleblower Protection Act, 2014, does offer safeguards to individuals exposing corruption, but it does not grant absolute immunity. Whistleblowers may still face legal consequences if they violate confidentiality clauses, disclose classified information, or file frivolous complaints.

• Additionally, while the Act provides protection against victimization, it does not prevent inquiries or legal actions if the whistleblower is found guilty of misconduct.

Solution: C

• Additionally, while the Act provides protection against victimization, it does not prevent inquiries or legal actions if the whistleblower is found guilty of misconduct.

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with Critical Thinking? (a) Evaluating evidence before forming an opinion (b) Emotional bias influencing reasoning (c) Logical consistency in argumentation (d) Skepticism towards unverified claims Correct Solution: B Critical thinkers prioritize logic, reasoning, and evidence-based analysis while avoiding emotional biases. Emotions may play a role in human decision-making, but relying solely on emotions instead of logical evaluation contradicts critical thinking principles. What is Critical Thinking? Critical thinkingis the ability to analyze, evaluate, and interpret information logically and independently. It involves questioning assumptions, identifying biases, drawing reasoned conclusions, and making informed decisions. Key components include problem-solving, logical reasoning, creativity, and evidence-based analysis. Incorrect Solution: B Critical thinkers prioritize logic, reasoning, and evidence-based analysis while avoiding emotional biases. Emotions may play a role in human decision-making, but relying solely on emotions instead of logical evaluation contradicts critical thinking principles. What is Critical Thinking? Critical thinkingis the ability to analyze, evaluate, and interpret information logically and independently. It involves questioning assumptions, identifying biases, drawing reasoned conclusions, and making informed decisions. Key components include problem-solving, logical reasoning, creativity, and evidence-based analysis.

#### 4. Question

Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with Critical Thinking?

• (a) Evaluating evidence before forming an opinion

• (b) Emotional bias influencing reasoning

• (c) Logical consistency in argumentation

• (d) Skepticism towards unverified claims

Solution: B

Critical thinkers prioritize logic, reasoning, and evidence-based analysis while avoiding emotional biases. Emotions may play a role in human decision-making, but relying solely on emotions instead of logical evaluation contradicts critical thinking principles.

What is Critical Thinking?

• Critical thinkingis the ability to analyze, evaluate, and interpret information logically and independently.

• It involves questioning assumptions, identifying biases, drawing reasoned conclusions, and making informed decisions.

• Key components include problem-solving, logical reasoning, creativity, and evidence-based analysis.

Solution: B

What is Critical Thinking?

• Critical thinkingis the ability to analyze, evaluate, and interpret information logically and independently.

• It involves questioning assumptions, identifying biases, drawing reasoned conclusions, and making informed decisions.

• Key components include problem-solving, logical reasoning, creativity, and evidence-based analysis.

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Namami Gange Programme: It operates under the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG). It includes provisions for community participation through Ganga Task Forces. It mandates the conversion of all industries along the Ganga into zero-pollution facilities. It integrates wetland conservation as a method of water purification. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (c) Only three Correct Solution: C The Namami Gange Programme is implemented through the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) (Statement 1 is correct). It includes Ganga Task Forces, which are community-driven groups involved in river conservation (Statement 2 is correct). However, it does not mandate all industries to be zero-pollution facilities, although it does encourage the use of Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) (Statement 3 is incorrect). The program also promotes wetland conservation as a method of natural water purification (Statement 4 is correct). Incorrect Solution: C The Namami Gange Programme is implemented through the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) (Statement 1 is correct). It includes Ganga Task Forces, which are community-driven groups involved in river conservation (Statement 2 is correct). However, it does not mandate all industries to be zero-pollution facilities, although it does encourage the use of Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) (Statement 3 is incorrect). The program also promotes wetland conservation as a method of natural water purification (Statement 4 is correct).

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Namami Gange Programme:

• It operates under the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG).

• It includes provisions for community participation through Ganga Task Forces.

• It mandates the conversion of all industries along the Ganga into zero-pollution facilities.

• It integrates wetland conservation as a method of water purification.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

Solution: C

• The Namami Gange Programme is implemented through the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) (Statement 1 is correct).

• It includes Ganga Task Forces, which are community-driven groups involved in river conservation (Statement 2 is correct).

• However, it does not mandate all industries to be zero-pollution facilities, although it does encourage the use of Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) (Statement 3 is incorrect).

• The program also promotes wetland conservation as a method of natural water purification (Statement 4 is correct).

Solution: C

• The Namami Gange Programme is implemented through the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) (Statement 1 is correct).

• It includes Ganga Task Forces, which are community-driven groups involved in river conservation (Statement 2 is correct).

• However, it does not mandate all industries to be zero-pollution facilities, although it does encourage the use of Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) (Statement 3 is incorrect).

• The program also promotes wetland conservation as a method of natural water purification (Statement 4 is correct).

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Which phenomenon describes the movement of tropical marine species towards the poles due to rising sea temperatures? (a) Polar amplification (b) Ocean fertilization (c) Marine heatwaves (d) Tropicalisation Correct Solution: D Tropicalisation is the term used to describe the mass movement of marine life where tropical marine species move from the equator towards the poles due to rising sea temperatures caused by climate change. This phenomenon is a direct consequence of global warming and its impact on ocean ecosystems. As waters warm, species adapted to tropical conditions extend their range towards higher latitudes, while temperate species retreat. This shift can have profound effects on marine ecosystems, altering food webs, species interactions, and potentially impacting fisheries and coastal economies. Tropicalisation is a clear indicator of the far-reaching consequences of climate change on marine biodiversity and highlights the need for comprehensive strategies to mitigate and adapt to these changes in our oceans. Incorrect Solution: D Tropicalisation is the term used to describe the mass movement of marine life where tropical marine species move from the equator towards the poles due to rising sea temperatures caused by climate change. This phenomenon is a direct consequence of global warming and its impact on ocean ecosystems. As waters warm, species adapted to tropical conditions extend their range towards higher latitudes, while temperate species retreat. This shift can have profound effects on marine ecosystems, altering food webs, species interactions, and potentially impacting fisheries and coastal economies. Tropicalisation is a clear indicator of the far-reaching consequences of climate change on marine biodiversity and highlights the need for comprehensive strategies to mitigate and adapt to these changes in our oceans.

#### 6. Question

Which phenomenon describes the movement of tropical marine species towards the poles due to rising sea temperatures?

• (a) Polar amplification

• (b) Ocean fertilization

• (c) Marine heatwaves

• (d) Tropicalisation

• Solution: D

• Tropicalisation is the term used to describe the mass movement of marine life where tropical marine species move from the equator towards the poles due to rising sea temperatures caused by climate change. This phenomenon is a direct consequence of global warming and its impact on ocean ecosystems.

• As waters warm, species adapted to tropical conditions extend their range towards higher latitudes, while temperate species retreat. This shift can have profound effects on marine ecosystems, altering food webs, species interactions, and potentially impacting fisheries and coastal economies.

• Tropicalisation is a clear indicator of the far-reaching consequences of climate change on marine biodiversity and highlights the need for comprehensive strategies to mitigate and adapt to these changes in our oceans.

• Solution: D

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Nandini Sahakar Yojana: The scheme offers financial assistance with no minimum or maximum limit. It is exclusively available to cooperatives registered under the Companies Act. The scheme includes a component for capacity development and project formulation. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The Nandini Sahakar Yojana is designed to provide financial assistance for the growth and modernization of cooperative institutions, particularly in the dairy sector. One of its key features is that it does not impose any minimum or maximum financial limit, making it accessible to cooperatives of varying scales. Additionally, the scheme includes important components such as capacity development and project formulation, which help cooperatives enhance their operational efficiency and long-term sustainability. However, the scheme is not restricted to cooperatives registered under the Companies Act. Instead, it is open to cooperatives registered under State or Central cooperative laws, ensuring wider participation from different cooperative bodies across the country. This flexibility allows various cooperatives to benefit from financial and technical support under the scheme. Incorrect Solution: A Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The Nandini Sahakar Yojana is designed to provide financial assistance for the growth and modernization of cooperative institutions, particularly in the dairy sector. One of its key features is that it does not impose any minimum or maximum financial limit, making it accessible to cooperatives of varying scales. Additionally, the scheme includes important components such as capacity development and project formulation, which help cooperatives enhance their operational efficiency and long-term sustainability. However, the scheme is not restricted to cooperatives registered under the Companies Act. Instead, it is open to cooperatives registered under State or Central cooperative laws, ensuring wider participation from different cooperative bodies across the country. This flexibility allows various cooperatives to benefit from financial and technical support under the scheme.

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Nandini Sahakar Yojana:

• The scheme offers financial assistance with no minimum or maximum limit.

• It is exclusively available to cooperatives registered under the Companies Act.

• The scheme includes a component for capacity development and project formulation.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

Statements 1 and 3 are correct.

• The Nandini Sahakar Yojana is designed to provide financial assistance for the growth and modernization of cooperative institutions, particularly in the dairy sector.

• One of its key features is that it does not impose any minimum or maximum financial limit, making it accessible to cooperatives of varying scales.

• Additionally, the scheme includes important components such as capacity development and project formulation, which help cooperatives enhance their operational efficiency and long-term sustainability.

• However, the scheme is not restricted to cooperatives registered under the Companies Act. Instead, it is open to cooperatives registered under State or Central cooperative laws, ensuring wider participation from different cooperative bodies across the country.

• This flexibility allows various cooperatives to benefit from financial and technical support under the scheme.

Solution: A

Statements 1 and 3 are correct.

• The Nandini Sahakar Yojana is designed to provide financial assistance for the growth and modernization of cooperative institutions, particularly in the dairy sector.

• One of its key features is that it does not impose any minimum or maximum financial limit, making it accessible to cooperatives of varying scales.

• This flexibility allows various cooperatives to benefit from financial and technical support under the scheme.

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the impact of increased prokaryote dominance due to ocean warming: Increased prokaryote dominance could lead to a reduction in fish populations. The dominance of prokaryotes may enhance the ocean’s ability to absorb carbon emissions. The shift in marine ecosystems could have implications for the global food supply. Which of the above statements are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Correct Solution: B Statement 2 is incorrect. Ocean warming leads to increased prokaryote dominance, which significantly impacts marine ecosystems. As prokaryotes, particularly bacteria, become more prevalent, they can disrupt the marine food chain by outcompeting phytoplankton, which serve as the foundation of the oceanic food web. This decline in phytoplankton can result in a reduced food supply for higher trophic levels, including fish, ultimately leading to a decline in fish populations. Since fish are a vital source of protein for millions of people, this shift can have profound implications for global food security. Additionally, the increased dominance of prokaryotes does not enhance the ocean’s carbon absorption capacity. Instead, it may reduce it because prokaryote-rich ecosystems tend to promote carbon recycling within the water rather than sequestering it in deep ocean sediments. This disrupts the ocean’s natural role as a carbon sink, exacerbating climate change. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 2 is incorrect. Ocean warming leads to increased prokaryote dominance, which significantly impacts marine ecosystems. As prokaryotes, particularly bacteria, become more prevalent, they can disrupt the marine food chain by outcompeting phytoplankton, which serve as the foundation of the oceanic food web. This decline in phytoplankton can result in a reduced food supply for higher trophic levels, including fish, ultimately leading to a decline in fish populations. Since fish are a vital source of protein for millions of people, this shift can have profound implications for global food security. Additionally, the increased dominance of prokaryotes does not enhance the ocean’s carbon absorption capacity. Instead, it may reduce it because prokaryote-rich ecosystems tend to promote carbon recycling within the water rather than sequestering it in deep ocean sediments. This disrupts the ocean’s natural role as a carbon sink, exacerbating climate change.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements about the impact of increased prokaryote dominance due to ocean warming:

• Increased prokaryote dominance could lead to a reduction in fish populations.

• The dominance of prokaryotes may enhance the ocean’s ability to absorb carbon emissions.

• The shift in marine ecosystems could have implications for the global food supply.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• (a) 1 and 2 only

• (b) 1 and 3 only

• (c) 2 and 3 only

• (d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: B

Statement 2 is incorrect.

• Ocean warming leads to increased prokaryote dominance, which significantly impacts marine ecosystems.

• As prokaryotes, particularly bacteria, become more prevalent, they can disrupt the marine food chain by outcompeting phytoplankton, which serve as the foundation of the oceanic food web.

• This decline in phytoplankton can result in a reduced food supply for higher trophic levels, including fish, ultimately leading to a decline in fish populations.

• Since fish are a vital source of protein for millions of people, this shift can have profound implications for global food security.

• Additionally, the increased dominance of prokaryotes does not enhance the ocean’s carbon absorption capacity. Instead, it may reduce it because prokaryote-rich ecosystems tend to promote carbon recycling within the water rather than sequestering it in deep ocean sediments. This disrupts the ocean’s natural role as a carbon sink, exacerbating climate change.

Solution: B

Statement 2 is incorrect.

• Ocean warming leads to increased prokaryote dominance, which significantly impacts marine ecosystems.

• As prokaryotes, particularly bacteria, become more prevalent, they can disrupt the marine food chain by outcompeting phytoplankton, which serve as the foundation of the oceanic food web.

• This decline in phytoplankton can result in a reduced food supply for higher trophic levels, including fish, ultimately leading to a decline in fish populations.

• Since fish are a vital source of protein for millions of people, this shift can have profound implications for global food security.

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding DNA profiling: DNA profiling involves analyzing the entire human genome to establish identity. It is increasingly accurate but can be affected by sample contamination. DNA profiling should not be the sole basis for establishing guilt or innocence in the justice system. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B DNA profiling is a widely used forensic technique for identifying individuals based on unique genetic markers. However, it does not involve analyzing the entire human genome. Instead, it focuses on specific regions within the 0.1% of DNA that varies among individuals, particularly short tandem repeats (STRs), which provide highly distinctive genetic signatures. This makes Statement 1 incorrect. DNA profiling is highly accurate, but its reliability can be compromised by factors such as sample contamination, degradation, or mishandling, which may lead to errors in interpretation. Thus, Statement 2 is correct. While DNA evidence is a powerful tool in forensic investigations, it should not be the sole determinant of guilt or innocence. Other forms of evidence, including circumstantial and corroborative data, are necessary to ensure a fair legal outcome. Therefore, Statement 3 is correct. Incorrect Solution: B DNA profiling is a widely used forensic technique for identifying individuals based on unique genetic markers. However, it does not involve analyzing the entire human genome. Instead, it focuses on specific regions within the 0.1% of DNA that varies among individuals, particularly short tandem repeats (STRs), which provide highly distinctive genetic signatures. This makes Statement 1 incorrect. DNA profiling is highly accurate, but its reliability can be compromised by factors such as sample contamination, degradation, or mishandling, which may lead to errors in interpretation. Thus, Statement 2 is correct. While DNA evidence is a powerful tool in forensic investigations, it should not be the sole determinant of guilt or innocence. Other forms of evidence, including circumstantial and corroborative data, are necessary to ensure a fair legal outcome. Therefore, Statement 3 is correct.

#### 9. Question

Consider the following statements regarding DNA profiling:

• DNA profiling involves analyzing the entire human genome to establish identity.

• It is increasingly accurate but can be affected by sample contamination.

• DNA profiling should not be the sole basis for establishing guilt or innocence in the justice system.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• DNA profiling is a widely used forensic technique for identifying individuals based on unique genetic markers. However, it does not involve analyzing the entire human genome. Instead, it focuses on specific regions within the 0.1% of DNA that varies among individuals, particularly short tandem repeats (STRs), which provide highly distinctive genetic signatures. This makes Statement 1 incorrect.

• DNA profiling is highly accurate, but its reliability can be compromised by factors such as sample contamination, degradation, or mishandling, which may lead to errors in interpretation. Thus, Statement 2 is correct.

• While DNA evidence is a powerful tool in forensic investigations, it should not be the sole determinant of guilt or innocence. Other forms of evidence, including circumstantial and corroborative data, are necessary to ensure a fair legal outcome. Therefore, Statement 3 is correct.

Solution: B

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the National Commission for Women (NCW): The NCW has the power to file cases directly in the Supreme Court. The NCW is responsible for monitoring the implementation of the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961. The NCW is empowered to conduct judicial trials for gender-based crimes. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B The National Commission for Women (NCW) is a statutory body established in 1992 to safeguard and promote the rights of women in India. While it plays an essential role in reviewing laws, addressing grievances, and recommending reforms, its powers are primarily advisory rather than judicial or executive. Statement 1 is incorrect because the NCW does not have the authority to file cases directly in the Supreme Court. It can, however, recommend action or intervene in cases affecting women’s rights. Statement 2 is correct as the NCW is involved in monitoring the implementation of various gender-related legislations, including the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961, which provides paid maternity leave and safeguards for women workers. Statement 3 is incorrect because the NCW does not conduct judicial trials; it can investigate complaints, summon individuals for inquiry, and suggest legal action but does not have judicial powers. Incorrect Solution: B The National Commission for Women (NCW) is a statutory body established in 1992 to safeguard and promote the rights of women in India. While it plays an essential role in reviewing laws, addressing grievances, and recommending reforms, its powers are primarily advisory rather than judicial or executive. Statement 1 is incorrect because the NCW does not have the authority to file cases directly in the Supreme Court. It can, however, recommend action or intervene in cases affecting women’s rights. Statement 2 is correct as the NCW is involved in monitoring the implementation of various gender-related legislations, including the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961, which provides paid maternity leave and safeguards for women workers. Statement 3 is incorrect because the NCW does not conduct judicial trials; it can investigate complaints, summon individuals for inquiry, and suggest legal action but does not have judicial powers.

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the National Commission for Women (NCW):

• The NCW has the power to file cases directly in the Supreme Court.

• The NCW is responsible for monitoring the implementation of the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961.

• The NCW is empowered to conduct judicial trials for gender-based crimes.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• The National Commission for Women (NCW) is a statutory body established in 1992 to safeguard and promote the rights of women in India. While it plays an essential role in reviewing laws, addressing grievances, and recommending reforms, its powers are primarily advisory rather than judicial or executive.

• Statement 1 is incorrect because the NCW does not have the authority to file cases directly in the Supreme Court. It can, however, recommend action or intervene in cases affecting women’s rights.

• Statement 2 is correct as the NCW is involved in monitoring the implementation of various gender-related legislations, including the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961, which provides paid maternity leave and safeguards for women workers.

• Statement 3 is incorrect because the NCW does not conduct judicial trials; it can investigate complaints, summon individuals for inquiry, and suggest legal action but does not have judicial powers.

Solution: B

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