UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 15 March 2025

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

#### Quiz-summary

0 of 10 questions completed

Questions:

#### Information

Best of luck! 🙂

You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.

Quiz is loading...

You must sign in or sign up to start the quiz.

You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:

0 of 10 questions answered correctly

Your time:

Time has elapsed

You have reached 0 of 0 points, (0)

Average score |

Your score |

#### Categories

• Not categorized 0%

Pos. | Name | Entered on | Points | Result

Table is loading

No data available

| | | |

• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Greenland. Greenland is an autonomous territory under the Kingdom of Denmark but has full control over its foreign affairs and defence policies. The island is strategically located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, making it crucial for global shipping and military operations. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect: Greenland is an autonomous territory of Denmark, but Denmark retains control over foreign affairs, defence, and security. Greenland has self-governance in domestic matters, including resource management and local policies. Statement 2 is correct: Greenland’s strategic location between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans makes it critical for global trade routes and military positioning. It hosts the Thule Air Base, a key U.S. military installation. About Greenland: Location: World’s largest island, situated between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans. Capital: Nuuk. Political Status: An autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark. Population: Approximately 57,000 people. Geographic Features: Ice Sheet: Covers around 80% of Greenland. Mountains: Watkins Range, including Gunnbjørn Fjeld (tallest mountain in the Arctic). Major Water Bodies: Scoresby Sound (world’s largest fjord), Ilulissat Icefjord (UNESCO World Heritage Site). Economy: Primary Sectors: Fishing (accounts for 90% of exports), tourism, and small-scale mining. Potential Growth Areas: Rare earth minerals, uranium, and other strategic metals. Why is Greenland in the Spotlight? Push for Independence: All major political parties support the idea of breaking away from Danish rule. Greenland currently receives an annual subsidy of $565 million from Denmark, about 20% of its GDP. Geopolitical Interests: Trump’s Renewed Interest: First proposed purchasing Greenland in 2019, leading to diplomatic tensions. Recently, Trump revived his ambition, claiming Greenland should join the US for “prosperity and security.” Resource Race in the Arctic: Greenland is rich in rare earth elements, uranium, and critical minerals needed for global industries. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect: Greenland is an autonomous territory of Denmark, but Denmark retains control over foreign affairs, defence, and security. Greenland has self-governance in domestic matters, including resource management and local policies. Statement 2 is correct: Greenland’s strategic location between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans makes it critical for global trade routes and military positioning. It hosts the Thule Air Base, a key U.S. military installation. About Greenland: Location: World’s largest island, situated between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans. Capital: Nuuk. Political Status: An autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark. Population: Approximately 57,000 people. Geographic Features: Ice Sheet: Covers around 80% of Greenland. Mountains: Watkins Range, including Gunnbjørn Fjeld (tallest mountain in the Arctic). Major Water Bodies: Scoresby Sound (world’s largest fjord), Ilulissat Icefjord (UNESCO World Heritage Site). Economy: Primary Sectors: Fishing (accounts for 90% of exports), tourism, and small-scale mining. Potential Growth Areas: Rare earth minerals, uranium, and other strategic metals. Why is Greenland in the Spotlight? Push for Independence: All major political parties support the idea of breaking away from Danish rule. Greenland currently receives an annual subsidy of $565 million from Denmark, about 20% of its GDP. Geopolitical Interests: Trump’s Renewed Interest: First proposed purchasing Greenland in 2019, leading to diplomatic tensions. Recently, Trump revived his ambition, claiming Greenland should join the US for “prosperity and security.” Resource Race in the Arctic: Greenland is rich in rare earth elements, uranium, and critical minerals needed for global industries.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Greenland.

• Greenland is an autonomous territory under the Kingdom of Denmark but has full control over its foreign affairs and defence policies.

• The island is strategically located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, making it crucial for global shipping and military operations.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: B

Statement 1 is incorrect: Greenland is an autonomous territory of Denmark, but Denmark retains control over foreign affairs, defence, and security. Greenland has self-governance in domestic matters, including resource management and local policies.

Statement 2 is correct: Greenland’s strategic location between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans makes it critical for global trade routes and military positioning. It hosts the Thule Air Base, a key U.S. military installation.

About Greenland:

• Location: World’s largest island, situated between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans.

• Capital: Nuuk.

• Political Status: An autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark.

• Population: Approximately 57,000 people.

• Geographic Features: Ice Sheet: Covers around 80% of Greenland. Mountains: Watkins Range, including Gunnbjørn Fjeld (tallest mountain in the Arctic). Major Water Bodies: Scoresby Sound (world’s largest fjord), Ilulissat Icefjord (UNESCO World Heritage Site).

• Ice Sheet: Covers around 80% of Greenland.

• Mountains: Watkins Range, including Gunnbjørn Fjeld (tallest mountain in the Arctic).

• Major Water Bodies: Scoresby Sound (world’s largest fjord), Ilulissat Icefjord (UNESCO World Heritage Site).

• Economy: Primary Sectors: Fishing (accounts for 90% of exports), tourism, and small-scale mining. Potential Growth Areas: Rare earth minerals, uranium, and other strategic metals.

• Primary Sectors: Fishing (accounts for 90% of exports), tourism, and small-scale mining.

• Potential Growth Areas: Rare earth minerals, uranium, and other strategic metals.

Why is Greenland in the Spotlight?

• Push for Independence: All major political parties support the idea of breaking away from Danish rule. Greenland currently receives an annual subsidy of $565 million from Denmark, about 20% of its GDP.

• Greenland currently receives an annual subsidy of $565 million from Denmark, about 20% of its GDP.

Geopolitical Interests:

• Trump’s Renewed Interest: First proposed purchasing Greenland in 2019, leading to diplomatic tensions. Recently, Trump revived his ambition, claiming Greenland should join the US for “prosperity and security.”

• Recently, Trump revived his ambition, claiming Greenland should join the US for “prosperity and security.”

• Resource Race in the Arctic: Greenland is rich in rare earth elements, uranium, and critical minerals needed for global industries.

Solution: B

Statement 1 is incorrect: Greenland is an autonomous territory of Denmark, but Denmark retains control over foreign affairs, defence, and security. Greenland has self-governance in domestic matters, including resource management and local policies.

Statement 2 is correct: Greenland’s strategic location between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans makes it critical for global trade routes and military positioning. It hosts the Thule Air Base, a key U.S. military installation.

About Greenland:

• Location: World’s largest island, situated between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans.

• Capital: Nuuk.

• Political Status: An autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark.

• Population: Approximately 57,000 people.

• Geographic Features: Ice Sheet: Covers around 80% of Greenland. Mountains: Watkins Range, including Gunnbjørn Fjeld (tallest mountain in the Arctic). Major Water Bodies: Scoresby Sound (world’s largest fjord), Ilulissat Icefjord (UNESCO World Heritage Site).

• Ice Sheet: Covers around 80% of Greenland.

• Mountains: Watkins Range, including Gunnbjørn Fjeld (tallest mountain in the Arctic).

• Major Water Bodies: Scoresby Sound (world’s largest fjord), Ilulissat Icefjord (UNESCO World Heritage Site).

• Economy: Primary Sectors: Fishing (accounts for 90% of exports), tourism, and small-scale mining. Potential Growth Areas: Rare earth minerals, uranium, and other strategic metals.

• Primary Sectors: Fishing (accounts for 90% of exports), tourism, and small-scale mining.

• Potential Growth Areas: Rare earth minerals, uranium, and other strategic metals.

Why is Greenland in the Spotlight?

• Push for Independence: All major political parties support the idea of breaking away from Danish rule. Greenland currently receives an annual subsidy of $565 million from Denmark, about 20% of its GDP.

• Greenland currently receives an annual subsidy of $565 million from Denmark, about 20% of its GDP.

Geopolitical Interests:

• Trump’s Renewed Interest: First proposed purchasing Greenland in 2019, leading to diplomatic tensions. Recently, Trump revived his ambition, claiming Greenland should join the US for “prosperity and security.”

• Recently, Trump revived his ambition, claiming Greenland should join the US for “prosperity and security.”

• Resource Race in the Arctic: Greenland is rich in rare earth elements, uranium, and critical minerals needed for global industries.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Which of the following best explains the primary mandate of North East Centre for Technology Application and Reach (NECTAR)? (a) To establish large-scale industrial zones in Northeast India with foreign investments. (b) To promote research and development in space technology for ISRO’s Northeast initiatives. (c) To bridge the gap between research institutions and grassroots innovations through technology-driven solutions. (d) To implement direct cash transfers for technology-based enterprises in Northeast India. Correct Solution: c) Option a is incorrect – NECTAR does not focus on industrial zones, but rather on technological applications in agriculture, infrastructure, and skill development. Option b is incorrect – NECTAR is not directly involved in space technology research for ISRO. Option c is correct – NECTAR’s core mission is to bridge the gap between research institutions and grassroots innovations, ensuring technology adoption in agriculture, drone mapping, and infrastructure development. Option d is incorrect – NECTAR does not implement direct cash transfers but supports research-based technological interventions. What is NECTAR? An autonomous bodyunder the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India. Focuses on technological applicationsfor the development of Northeast India. Established In:2014, under the Ministry of Science & Technology. Headquarters:Shillong, Meghalaya. Aim: Promote technological advancementsfor socio-economic development in Northeast India. Bridge the gapbetween research institutions and grassroots innovations. Encourage sustainable agricultural practices like saffronand bamboo cultivation. Functions & Features: Technology Application in Agriculture:Expanding saffron cultivation in Northeast India, similar to Lavender farming in J&K. Drone Technology for Land Mapping:Supports the ‘Swamitva’ program for efficient land records management. Bamboo & Honey Production:Boosts eco-friendly industries to generate sustainable livelihoods. Infrastructure & Connectivity Enhancement:Works on scientific and technological interventions to improve rural accessibility. Skill Development & Research:Establishing a Centre of Excellence in Shillong for advanced tech training and innovation. Incorrect Solution: c) Option a is incorrect – NECTAR does not focus on industrial zones, but rather on technological applications in agriculture, infrastructure, and skill development. Option b is incorrect – NECTAR is not directly involved in space technology research for ISRO. Option c is correct – NECTAR’s core mission is to bridge the gap between research institutions and grassroots innovations, ensuring technology adoption in agriculture, drone mapping, and infrastructure development. Option d is incorrect – NECTAR does not implement direct cash transfers but supports research-based technological interventions. What is NECTAR? An autonomous bodyunder the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India. Focuses on technological applicationsfor the development of Northeast India. Established In:2014, under the Ministry of Science & Technology. Headquarters:Shillong, Meghalaya. Aim: Promote technological advancementsfor socio-economic development in Northeast India. Bridge the gapbetween research institutions and grassroots innovations. Encourage sustainable agricultural practices like saffronand bamboo cultivation. Functions & Features: Technology Application in Agriculture:Expanding saffron cultivation in Northeast India, similar to Lavender farming in J&K. Drone Technology for Land Mapping:Supports the ‘Swamitva’ program for efficient land records management. Bamboo & Honey Production:Boosts eco-friendly industries to generate sustainable livelihoods. Infrastructure & Connectivity Enhancement:Works on scientific and technological interventions to improve rural accessibility. Skill Development & Research:Establishing a Centre of Excellence in Shillong for advanced tech training and innovation.

#### 2. Question

Which of the following best explains the primary mandate of North East Centre for Technology Application and Reach (NECTAR)?

• (a) To establish large-scale industrial zones in Northeast India with foreign investments.

• (b) To promote research and development in space technology for ISRO’s Northeast initiatives.

• (c) To bridge the gap between research institutions and grassroots innovations through technology-driven solutions.

• (d) To implement direct cash transfers for technology-based enterprises in Northeast India.

Solution: c)

• Option a is incorrect – NECTAR does not focus on industrial zones, but rather on technological applications in agriculture, infrastructure, and skill development.

• Option b is incorrect – NECTAR is not directly involved in space technology research for ISRO.

• Option c is correct – NECTAR’s core mission is to bridge the gap between research institutions and grassroots innovations, ensuring technology adoption in agriculture, drone mapping, and infrastructure development.

• Option d is incorrect – NECTAR does not implement direct cash transfers but supports research-based technological interventions.

• What is NECTAR? An autonomous bodyunder the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India. Focuses on technological applicationsfor the development of Northeast India.

• An autonomous bodyunder the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India.

• Focuses on technological applicationsfor the development of Northeast India.

• Established In:2014, under the Ministry of Science & Technology.

• Headquarters:Shillong, Meghalaya.

• Aim: Promote technological advancementsfor socio-economic development in Northeast India. Bridge the gapbetween research institutions and grassroots innovations. Encourage sustainable agricultural practices like saffronand bamboo cultivation.

• Promote technological advancementsfor socio-economic development in Northeast India.

• Bridge the gapbetween research institutions and grassroots innovations.

• Encourage sustainable agricultural practices like saffronand bamboo cultivation.

• Functions & Features: Technology Application in Agriculture:Expanding saffron cultivation in Northeast India, similar to Lavender farming in J&K. Drone Technology for Land Mapping:Supports the ‘Swamitva’ program for efficient land records management. Bamboo & Honey Production:Boosts eco-friendly industries to generate sustainable livelihoods. Infrastructure & Connectivity Enhancement:Works on scientific and technological interventions to improve rural accessibility. Skill Development & Research:Establishing a Centre of Excellence in Shillong for advanced tech training and innovation.

• Technology Application in Agriculture:Expanding saffron cultivation in Northeast India, similar to Lavender farming in J&K.

• Drone Technology for Land Mapping:Supports the ‘Swamitva’ program for efficient land records management.

• Bamboo & Honey Production:Boosts eco-friendly industries to generate sustainable livelihoods.

• Infrastructure & Connectivity Enhancement:Works on scientific and technological interventions to improve rural accessibility.

• Skill Development & Research:Establishing a Centre of Excellence in Shillong for advanced tech training and innovation.

Solution: c)

• Option a is incorrect – NECTAR does not focus on industrial zones, but rather on technological applications in agriculture, infrastructure, and skill development.

• Option b is incorrect – NECTAR is not directly involved in space technology research for ISRO.

• Option c is correct – NECTAR’s core mission is to bridge the gap between research institutions and grassroots innovations, ensuring technology adoption in agriculture, drone mapping, and infrastructure development.

• Option d is incorrect – NECTAR does not implement direct cash transfers but supports research-based technological interventions.

• What is NECTAR? An autonomous bodyunder the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India. Focuses on technological applicationsfor the development of Northeast India.

• An autonomous bodyunder the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India.

• Focuses on technological applicationsfor the development of Northeast India.

• Established In:2014, under the Ministry of Science & Technology.

• Headquarters:Shillong, Meghalaya.

• Aim: Promote technological advancementsfor socio-economic development in Northeast India. Bridge the gapbetween research institutions and grassroots innovations. Encourage sustainable agricultural practices like saffronand bamboo cultivation.

• Promote technological advancementsfor socio-economic development in Northeast India.

• Bridge the gapbetween research institutions and grassroots innovations.

• Encourage sustainable agricultural practices like saffronand bamboo cultivation.

• Functions & Features: Technology Application in Agriculture:Expanding saffron cultivation in Northeast India, similar to Lavender farming in J&K. Drone Technology for Land Mapping:Supports the ‘Swamitva’ program for efficient land records management. Bamboo & Honey Production:Boosts eco-friendly industries to generate sustainable livelihoods. Infrastructure & Connectivity Enhancement:Works on scientific and technological interventions to improve rural accessibility. Skill Development & Research:Establishing a Centre of Excellence in Shillong for advanced tech training and innovation.

• Technology Application in Agriculture:Expanding saffron cultivation in Northeast India, similar to Lavender farming in J&K.

• Drone Technology for Land Mapping:Supports the ‘Swamitva’ program for efficient land records management.

• Bamboo & Honey Production:Boosts eco-friendly industries to generate sustainable livelihoods.

• Infrastructure & Connectivity Enhancement:Works on scientific and technological interventions to improve rural accessibility.

• Skill Development & Research:Establishing a Centre of Excellence in Shillong for advanced tech training and innovation.

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the physical behaviour of Plastic Ice VII: It forms naturally in Earth’s polar ice caps due to high compression from overlying ice layers. It has a lower density than liquid water, causing it to float when placed in water. It remains in a stable phase at room temperature if kept in a vacuum-sealed environment. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: D Statement 1 is incorrect – Plastic Ice VII does not form naturally on Earth; it requires extreme pressures found in planetary mantles. Statement 2 is incorrect – Unlike normal ice, Plastic Ice VII is denser than water and would sink rather than float. Statement 3 is incorrect – It is not stable at room temperature, even in a vacuum-sealed environment; it requires high pressure to remain stable. What is Plastic Ice VII? A unique phase of water where molecules remain in a rigid crystalline structure while retaining rotational motion. Originally predicted in 2008, but experimentally confirmed in 2025. How does it form? Extreme Conditions: Forms under 450-600K (177-327°C) temperature and 0.1-6 GPa pressure (60,000 times atmospheric pressure). Lab Confirmation: Verified through Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering (QENS) at ILL, France. Key Characteristics: Applications & Significance: Planetary Science: Explains water’s behavior inside icy moons (Ganymede, Callisto, Titan) and exoplanets. Extreme Environment Research: Helps in understanding high-pressure physics and material science. Space Exploration: Improves knowledge of ice phases in extreme planetary conditions, aiding in future astrobiology studies. Hydrogen Storage & Energy Research: May have potential technological applications in material sciences. Incorrect Solution: D Statement 1 is incorrect – Plastic Ice VII does not form naturally on Earth; it requires extreme pressures found in planetary mantles. Statement 2 is incorrect – Unlike normal ice, Plastic Ice VII is denser than water and would sink rather than float. Statement 3 is incorrect – It is not stable at room temperature, even in a vacuum-sealed environment; it requires high pressure to remain stable. What is Plastic Ice VII? A unique phase of water where molecules remain in a rigid crystalline structure while retaining rotational motion. Originally predicted in 2008, but experimentally confirmed in 2025. How does it form? Extreme Conditions: Forms under 450-600K (177-327°C) temperature and 0.1-6 GPa pressure (60,000 times atmospheric pressure). Lab Confirmation: Verified through Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering (QENS) at ILL, France. Key Characteristics: Applications & Significance: Planetary Science: Explains water’s behavior inside icy moons (Ganymede, Callisto, Titan) and exoplanets. Extreme Environment Research: Helps in understanding high-pressure physics and material science. Space Exploration: Improves knowledge of ice phases in extreme planetary conditions, aiding in future astrobiology studies. Hydrogen Storage & Energy Research: May have potential technological applications in material sciences.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the physical behaviour of Plastic Ice VII:

• It forms naturally in Earth’s polar ice caps due to high compression from overlying ice layers.

• It has a lower density than liquid water, causing it to float when placed in water.

• It remains in a stable phase at room temperature if kept in a vacuum-sealed environment.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: D

• Statement 1 is incorrect – Plastic Ice VII does not form naturally on Earth; it requires extreme pressures found in planetary mantles.

• Statement 2 is incorrect – Unlike normal ice, Plastic Ice VII is denser than water and would sink rather than float.

• Statement 3 is incorrect – It is not stable at room temperature, even in a vacuum-sealed environment; it requires high pressure to remain stable.

• What is Plastic Ice VII?

• A unique phase of water where molecules remain in a rigid crystalline structure while retaining rotational motion. Originally predicted in 2008, but experimentally confirmed in 2025.

• A unique phase of water where molecules remain in a rigid crystalline structure while retaining rotational motion.

• Originally predicted in 2008, but experimentally confirmed in 2025.

• How does it form?

• Extreme Conditions: Forms under 450-600K (177-327°C) temperature and 0.1-6 GPa pressure (60,000 times atmospheric pressure). Lab Confirmation: Verified through Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering (QENS) at ILL, France.

• Extreme Conditions: Forms under 450-600K (177-327°C) temperature and 0.1-6 GPa pressure (60,000 times atmospheric pressure).

• Lab Confirmation: Verified through Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering (QENS) at ILL, France.

• Key Characteristics:

• Applications & Significance:

• Planetary Science: Explains water’s behavior inside icy moons (Ganymede, Callisto, Titan) and exoplanets. Extreme Environment Research: Helps in understanding high-pressure physics and material science. Space Exploration: Improves knowledge of ice phases in extreme planetary conditions, aiding in future astrobiology studies. Hydrogen Storage & Energy Research: May have potential technological applications in material sciences.

• Planetary Science: Explains water’s behavior inside icy moons (Ganymede, Callisto, Titan) and exoplanets.

• Extreme Environment Research: Helps in understanding high-pressure physics and material science.

• Space Exploration: Improves knowledge of ice phases in extreme planetary conditions, aiding in future astrobiology studies.

• Hydrogen Storage & Energy Research: May have potential technological applications in material sciences.

Solution: D

• Statement 1 is incorrect – Plastic Ice VII does not form naturally on Earth; it requires extreme pressures found in planetary mantles.

• Statement 2 is incorrect – Unlike normal ice, Plastic Ice VII is denser than water and would sink rather than float.

• Statement 3 is incorrect – It is not stable at room temperature, even in a vacuum-sealed environment; it requires high pressure to remain stable.

• What is Plastic Ice VII?

• A unique phase of water where molecules remain in a rigid crystalline structure while retaining rotational motion. Originally predicted in 2008, but experimentally confirmed in 2025.

• A unique phase of water where molecules remain in a rigid crystalline structure while retaining rotational motion.

• Originally predicted in 2008, but experimentally confirmed in 2025.

• How does it form?

• Extreme Conditions: Forms under 450-600K (177-327°C) temperature and 0.1-6 GPa pressure (60,000 times atmospheric pressure). Lab Confirmation: Verified through Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering (QENS) at ILL, France.

• Extreme Conditions: Forms under 450-600K (177-327°C) temperature and 0.1-6 GPa pressure (60,000 times atmospheric pressure).

• Lab Confirmation: Verified through Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering (QENS) at ILL, France.

• Key Characteristics:

• Applications & Significance:

• Planetary Science: Explains water’s behavior inside icy moons (Ganymede, Callisto, Titan) and exoplanets. Extreme Environment Research: Helps in understanding high-pressure physics and material science. Space Exploration: Improves knowledge of ice phases in extreme planetary conditions, aiding in future astrobiology studies. Hydrogen Storage & Energy Research: May have potential technological applications in material sciences.

• Planetary Science: Explains water’s behavior inside icy moons (Ganymede, Callisto, Titan) and exoplanets.

• Extreme Environment Research: Helps in understanding high-pressure physics and material science.

• Space Exploration: Improves knowledge of ice phases in extreme planetary conditions, aiding in future astrobiology studies.

• Hydrogen Storage & Energy Research: May have potential technological applications in material sciences.

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Yamuna River basin: It is the only major tributary of the Ganga that flows through the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi. The Tons River, a major tributary of the Yamuna, contributes more water than the Yamuna itself at their confluence. Which of the above statements is/are incorrect? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect – While the Yamuna flows through Delhi, other tributaries of the Ganga (e.g., Hindon) also pass through the region. Statement 2 is correct – The Tons River is the largest tributary of the Yamuna, contributing more water than the Yamuna itself at their confluence. About Yamuna River: Origin: The Yamuna originates from the Yamunotri Glacier in the Himalayas at an altitude of 4,421 meters. Historically, it was a tributary of the River Ghaggar (likely the Saraswati River of the Vedas) but later shifted eastward due to tectonic activity. Course & States: The Yamuna River basin extends across Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan. Total Length: 1,376 km (Longest River in India that does not directly drain into the sea). Major Tributaries: Himalayan Region: Rishi Ganga, Hanuman Ganga, Tons, and Giri. Plains: Hindon, Chambal, Sind, Betwa, and Ken. Tons River contributes approximately 60% of the Yamuna’s total water flow. Confluence: The Yamuna merges with the Ganga at Prayagraj (Allahabad), forming the sacred Sangam. Key Cities Along the Yamuna: Noida, Mathura, Agra, Firozabad, Etawah, Kalpi, Hamirpur, and Prayagraj (Allahabad). In Delhi, the Yamuna enters at Palla Village and exits at Jaitpur, covering 52 km within the National Capital Territory. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect – While the Yamuna flows through Delhi, other tributaries of the Ganga (e.g., Hindon) also pass through the region. Statement 2 is correct – The Tons River is the largest tributary of the Yamuna, contributing more water than the Yamuna itself at their confluence. About Yamuna River: Origin: The Yamuna originates from the Yamunotri Glacier in the Himalayas at an altitude of 4,421 meters. Historically, it was a tributary of the River Ghaggar (likely the Saraswati River of the Vedas) but later shifted eastward due to tectonic activity. Course & States: The Yamuna River basin extends across Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan. Total Length: 1,376 km (Longest River in India that does not directly drain into the sea). Major Tributaries: Himalayan Region: Rishi Ganga, Hanuman Ganga, Tons, and Giri. Plains: Hindon, Chambal, Sind, Betwa, and Ken. Tons River contributes approximately 60% of the Yamuna’s total water flow. Confluence: The Yamuna merges with the Ganga at Prayagraj (Allahabad), forming the sacred Sangam. Key Cities Along the Yamuna: Noida, Mathura, Agra, Firozabad, Etawah, Kalpi, Hamirpur, and Prayagraj (Allahabad). In Delhi, the Yamuna enters at Palla Village and exits at Jaitpur, covering 52 km within the National Capital Territory.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Yamuna River basin:

• It is the only major tributary of the Ganga that flows through the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi.

• The Tons River, a major tributary of the Yamuna, contributes more water than the Yamuna itself at their confluence.

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: A

Statement 1 is incorrect – While the Yamuna flows through Delhi, other tributaries of the Ganga (e.g., Hindon) also pass through the region.

Statement 2 is correct – The Tons River is the largest tributary of the Yamuna, contributing more water than the Yamuna itself at their confluence.

About Yamuna River:

• Origin: The Yamuna originates from the Yamunotri Glacier in the Himalayas at an altitude of 4,421 meters. Historically, it was a tributary of the River Ghaggar (likely the Saraswati River of the Vedas) but later shifted eastward due to tectonic activity.

• Historically, it was a tributary of the River Ghaggar (likely the Saraswati River of the Vedas) but later shifted eastward due to tectonic activity.

• Course & States: The Yamuna River basin extends across Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan. Total Length: 1,376 km (Longest River in India that does not directly drain into the sea).

• Total Length: 1,376 km (Longest River in India that does not directly drain into the sea).

• Major Tributaries: Himalayan Region: Rishi Ganga, Hanuman Ganga, Tons, and Giri. Plains: Hindon, Chambal, Sind, Betwa, and Ken. Tons River contributes approximately 60% of the Yamuna’s total water flow.

• Himalayan Region: Rishi Ganga, Hanuman Ganga, Tons, and Giri.

• Plains: Hindon, Chambal, Sind, Betwa, and Ken.

• Tons River contributes approximately 60% of the Yamuna’s total water flow.

• Confluence: The Yamuna merges with the Ganga at Prayagraj (Allahabad), forming the sacred Sangam.

• Key Cities Along the Yamuna: Noida, Mathura, Agra, Firozabad, Etawah, Kalpi, Hamirpur, and Prayagraj (Allahabad). In Delhi, the Yamuna enters at Palla Village and exits at Jaitpur, covering 52 km within the National Capital Territory.

• Noida, Mathura, Agra, Firozabad, Etawah, Kalpi, Hamirpur, and Prayagraj (Allahabad).

• In Delhi, the Yamuna enters at Palla Village and exits at Jaitpur, covering 52 km within the National Capital Territory.

Solution: A

Statement 1 is incorrect – While the Yamuna flows through Delhi, other tributaries of the Ganga (e.g., Hindon) also pass through the region.

Statement 2 is correct – The Tons River is the largest tributary of the Yamuna, contributing more water than the Yamuna itself at their confluence.

About Yamuna River:

• Origin: The Yamuna originates from the Yamunotri Glacier in the Himalayas at an altitude of 4,421 meters. Historically, it was a tributary of the River Ghaggar (likely the Saraswati River of the Vedas) but later shifted eastward due to tectonic activity.

• Historically, it was a tributary of the River Ghaggar (likely the Saraswati River of the Vedas) but later shifted eastward due to tectonic activity.

• Course & States: The Yamuna River basin extends across Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan. Total Length: 1,376 km (Longest River in India that does not directly drain into the sea).

• Total Length: 1,376 km (Longest River in India that does not directly drain into the sea).

• Major Tributaries: Himalayan Region: Rishi Ganga, Hanuman Ganga, Tons, and Giri. Plains: Hindon, Chambal, Sind, Betwa, and Ken. Tons River contributes approximately 60% of the Yamuna’s total water flow.

• Himalayan Region: Rishi Ganga, Hanuman Ganga, Tons, and Giri.

• Plains: Hindon, Chambal, Sind, Betwa, and Ken.

• Tons River contributes approximately 60% of the Yamuna’s total water flow.

• Confluence: The Yamuna merges with the Ganga at Prayagraj (Allahabad), forming the sacred Sangam.

• Key Cities Along the Yamuna: Noida, Mathura, Agra, Firozabad, Etawah, Kalpi, Hamirpur, and Prayagraj (Allahabad). In Delhi, the Yamuna enters at Palla Village and exits at Jaitpur, covering 52 km within the National Capital Territory.

• Noida, Mathura, Agra, Firozabad, Etawah, Kalpi, Hamirpur, and Prayagraj (Allahabad).

• In Delhi, the Yamuna enters at Palla Village and exits at Jaitpur, covering 52 km within the National Capital Territory.

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the legal provisions for foreigners in India: The Foreigners Act, 1946, empowers the government to regulate the entry, exit, and presence of foreigners in India. The Passport (Entry into India) Act, 1920, defines the conditions under which foreigners can obtain Indian citizenship. The Citizenship Act, 1955, provides for naturalization, registration, and birthright citizenship as modes of acquiring Indian citizenship. How many of the above statements are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is correct – The Foreigners Act, 1946, gives broad powers to the government to regulate, detain, and deport foreigners. Statement 2 is incorrect – The Passport (Entry into India) Act, 1920, deals with visa and entry regulations, not citizenship acquisition. Statement 3 is correct – The Citizenship Act, 1955, provides five pathways for citizenship: by birth, descent, registration, naturalization, and incorporation of territory. Provisions for Immigration in India The Citizenship Act, 1955: Governs acquisition, renunciation, and termination of Indian citizenship. The Foreigners Act, 1946: Regulates the entry and exit of foreigners in India. The Visa Regulations: Issued under the Passport Act, 1920, defining entry conditions. Refugee Policies: Though India is not a signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention, it provides asylum on a case-by-case basis (e.g., Tibetans, Sri Lankan Tamils, Rohingyas). Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is correct – The Foreigners Act, 1946, gives broad powers to the government to regulate, detain, and deport foreigners. Statement 2 is incorrect – The Passport (Entry into India) Act, 1920, deals with visa and entry regulations, not citizenship acquisition. Statement 3 is correct – The Citizenship Act, 1955, provides five pathways for citizenship: by birth, descent, registration, naturalization, and incorporation of territory. Provisions for Immigration in India The Citizenship Act, 1955: Governs acquisition, renunciation, and termination of Indian citizenship. The Foreigners Act, 1946: Regulates the entry and exit of foreigners in India. The Visa Regulations: Issued under the Passport Act, 1920, defining entry conditions. Refugee Policies: Though India is not a signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention, it provides asylum on a case-by-case basis (e.g., Tibetans, Sri Lankan Tamils, Rohingyas).

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the legal provisions for foreigners in India:

• The Foreigners Act, 1946, empowers the government to regulate the entry, exit, and presence of foreigners in India.

• The Passport (Entry into India) Act, 1920, defines the conditions under which foreigners can obtain Indian citizenship.

• The Citizenship Act, 1955, provides for naturalization, registration, and birthright citizenship as modes of acquiring Indian citizenship.

How many of the above statements are incorrect?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is correct – The Foreigners Act, 1946, gives broad powers to the government to regulate, detain, and deport foreigners.

• Statement 2 is incorrect – The Passport (Entry into India) Act, 1920, deals with visa and entry regulations, not citizenship acquisition.

• Statement 3 is correct – The Citizenship Act, 1955, provides five pathways for citizenship: by birth, descent, registration, naturalization, and incorporation of territory.

Provisions for Immigration in India

• The Citizenship Act, 1955: Governs acquisition, renunciation, and termination of Indian citizenship.

• The Foreigners Act, 1946: Regulates the entry and exit of foreigners in India.

• The Visa Regulations: Issued under the Passport Act, 1920, defining entry conditions.

• Refugee Policies: Though India is not a signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention, it provides asylum on a case-by-case basis (e.g., Tibetans, Sri Lankan Tamils, Rohingyas).

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is correct – The Foreigners Act, 1946, gives broad powers to the government to regulate, detain, and deport foreigners.

• Statement 2 is incorrect – The Passport (Entry into India) Act, 1920, deals with visa and entry regulations, not citizenship acquisition.

• Statement 3 is correct – The Citizenship Act, 1955, provides five pathways for citizenship: by birth, descent, registration, naturalization, and incorporation of territory.

Provisions for Immigration in India

• The Citizenship Act, 1955: Governs acquisition, renunciation, and termination of Indian citizenship.

• The Foreigners Act, 1946: Regulates the entry and exit of foreigners in India.

• The Visa Regulations: Issued under the Passport Act, 1920, defining entry conditions.

• Refugee Policies: Though India is not a signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention, it provides asylum on a case-by-case basis (e.g., Tibetans, Sri Lankan Tamils, Rohingyas).

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Consider the following features of the Mission Saffron Initiative: It promotes the use of drones for precision farming and climate monitoring in saffron fields. The project is integrated with Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) for water-efficient irrigation methods. The initiative mandates the use of genetically engineered saffron bulbs for high productivity. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is correct – The use of drones for climate and soil monitoring is being explored under the initiative. Statement 2 is correct – The project integrates with PMKSY for irrigation efficiency, ensuring water conservation in saffron farming. Statement 3 is incorrect – Genetic engineering is not mandated; traditional saffron bulbs from Jammu & Kashmir are being used. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is correct – The use of drones for climate and soil monitoring is being explored under the initiative. Statement 2 is correct – The project integrates with PMKSY for irrigation efficiency, ensuring water conservation in saffron farming. Statement 3 is incorrect – Genetic engineering is not mandated; traditional saffron bulbs from Jammu & Kashmir are being used.

#### 6. Question

Consider the following features of the Mission Saffron Initiative:

• It promotes the use of drones for precision farming and climate monitoring in saffron fields.

• The project is integrated with Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) for water-efficient irrigation methods.

• The initiative mandates the use of genetically engineered saffron bulbs for high productivity.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is correct – The use of drones for climate and soil monitoring is being explored under the initiative.

• Statement 2 is correct – The project integrates with PMKSY for irrigation efficiency, ensuring water conservation in saffron farming.

• Statement 3 is incorrect – Genetic engineering is not mandated; traditional saffron bulbs from Jammu & Kashmir are being used.

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is correct – The use of drones for climate and soil monitoring is being explored under the initiative.

• Statement 2 is correct – The project integrates with PMKSY for irrigation efficiency, ensuring water conservation in saffron farming.

• Statement 3 is incorrect – Genetic engineering is not mandated; traditional saffron bulbs from Jammu & Kashmir are being used.

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding India’s visa regulations: India follows an open-border policy with all its neighbouring countries, allowing visa-free entry. India does not allow foreigners to apply for Indian citizenship through naturalization. The Visa-on-Arrival policy is extended to citizens of all SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) countries. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: D Statement 1 is incorrect – India follows an open-border policy only with Nepal and Bhutan, not all neighbouring countries. Statement 2 is incorrect – Foreigners can apply for Indian citizenship through naturalization under the Citizenship Act, 1955 (after fulfilling residence requirements). Statement 3 is incorrect – India’s Visa-on-Arrival policy is not available to all SAARC nations; it is granted to selected countries like Japan and South Korea under specific conditions. Incorrect Solution: D Statement 1 is incorrect – India follows an open-border policy only with Nepal and Bhutan, not all neighbouring countries. Statement 2 is incorrect – Foreigners can apply for Indian citizenship through naturalization under the Citizenship Act, 1955 (after fulfilling residence requirements). Statement 3 is incorrect – India’s Visa-on-Arrival policy is not available to all SAARC nations; it is granted to selected countries like Japan and South Korea under specific conditions.

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements regarding India’s visa regulations:

• India follows an open-border policy with all its neighbouring countries, allowing visa-free entry.

• India does not allow foreigners to apply for Indian citizenship through naturalization.

• The Visa-on-Arrival policy is extended to citizens of all SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) countries.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: D

• Statement 1 is incorrect – India follows an open-border policy only with Nepal and Bhutan, not all neighbouring countries.

• Statement 2 is incorrect – Foreigners can apply for Indian citizenship through naturalization under the Citizenship Act, 1955 (after fulfilling residence requirements).

• Statement 3 is incorrect – India’s Visa-on-Arrival policy is not available to all SAARC nations; it is granted to selected countries like Japan and South Korea under specific conditions.

Solution: D

• Statement 1 is incorrect – India follows an open-border policy only with Nepal and Bhutan, not all neighbouring countries.

• Statement 2 is incorrect – Foreigners can apply for Indian citizenship through naturalization under the Citizenship Act, 1955 (after fulfilling residence requirements).

• Statement 3 is incorrect – India’s Visa-on-Arrival policy is not available to all SAARC nations; it is granted to selected countries like Japan and South Korea under specific conditions.

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding India’s refugee policies: India follows a formal Refugee Recognition Framework under the UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees). The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), 2019, provides automatic citizenship to all persecuted minorities from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. Tibetan refugees in India are issued Registration Certificates instead of Indian passports. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect – India does not have a formal legal framework for refugee recognition under UNHCR. Statement 2 is incorrect – The CAA, 2019, provides an accelerated pathway to citizenship, but not automatic citizenship. Statement 3 is correct – Tibetan refugees in India are given “Registration Certificates” instead of Indian passports, making them legal residents, not citizens. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect – India does not have a formal legal framework for refugee recognition under UNHCR. Statement 2 is incorrect – The CAA, 2019, provides an accelerated pathway to citizenship, but not automatic citizenship. Statement 3 is correct – Tibetan refugees in India are given “Registration Certificates” instead of Indian passports, making them legal residents, not citizens.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements regarding India’s refugee policies:

• India follows a formal Refugee Recognition Framework under the UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees).

• The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), 2019, provides automatic citizenship to all persecuted minorities from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan.

• Tibetan refugees in India are issued Registration Certificates instead of Indian passports.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is incorrect – India does not have a formal legal framework for refugee recognition under UNHCR.

• Statement 2 is incorrect – The CAA, 2019, provides an accelerated pathway to citizenship, but not automatic citizenship.

• Statement 3 is correct – Tibetan refugees in India are given “Registration Certificates” instead of Indian passports, making them legal residents, not citizens.

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is incorrect – India does not have a formal legal framework for refugee recognition under UNHCR.

• Statement 2 is incorrect – The CAA, 2019, provides an accelerated pathway to citizenship, but not automatic citizenship.

• Statement 3 is correct – Tibetan refugees in India are given “Registration Certificates” instead of Indian passports, making them legal residents, not citizens.

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points What is the primary advantage of the Astra Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile (BVRAAM) over conventional air-to-air missiles? (a) It has an unlimited range due to satellite-based guidance. (b) It can engage both aerial and ground targets using an advanced multi-mode seeker. (c) It has a longer range and higher speed, reducing the risk to the launching aircraft. (d) It is equipped with a nuclear warhead option, enhancing deterrence capabilities. Correct Solution: C Option a is incorrect – The Astra missile has a range of 100+ km, but it is not unlimited; it relies on radar and inertial navigation systems, not satellites. Option b is incorrect – Astra is strictly an air-to-air missile, and cannot engage ground targets. Option c is correct – Astra BVRAAM provides a stand-off capability, allowing the launching aircraft to engage targets from a safe distance beyond visual range. Option d is incorrect – Astra is not a nuclear-capable missile; it carries a high-explosive fragmentation warhead. What is Astra Missile? An advanced Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile(BVRAAM) designed for fighter aircraft. Enables aircraft to engage targets beyond 100 km without direct visual contact. Developed by: Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), India. Manufactured by Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)under a ₹2,971 crore contract. Key Features: Altitude:Can engage targets at 20 km altitude. Range:Over 100 km, with high-speed precision targeting. Guidance System:Equipped with inertial navigation, mid-course updates, and active radar homing for precise hits. Speed:Capable of Mach 4.5 (4.5 times the speed of sound). Integration:Already deployed on Su-30MKI, now being integrated with LCA Tejas & MiG-29. Combat Advantage:Provides large stand-off range, reducing pilot risk from enemy air defense. Incorrect Solution: C Option a is incorrect – The Astra missile has a range of 100+ km, but it is not unlimited; it relies on radar and inertial navigation systems, not satellites. Option b is incorrect – Astra is strictly an air-to-air missile, and cannot engage ground targets. Option c is correct – Astra BVRAAM provides a stand-off capability, allowing the launching aircraft to engage targets from a safe distance beyond visual range. Option d is incorrect – Astra is not a nuclear-capable missile; it carries a high-explosive fragmentation warhead. What is Astra Missile? An advanced Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile(BVRAAM) designed for fighter aircraft. Enables aircraft to engage targets beyond 100 km without direct visual contact. Developed by: Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), India. Manufactured by Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)under a ₹2,971 crore contract. Key Features: Altitude:Can engage targets at 20 km altitude. Range:Over 100 km, with high-speed precision targeting. Guidance System:Equipped with inertial navigation, mid-course updates, and active radar homing for precise hits. Speed:Capable of Mach 4.5 (4.5 times the speed of sound). Integration:Already deployed on Su-30MKI, now being integrated with LCA Tejas & MiG-29. Combat Advantage:Provides large stand-off range, reducing pilot risk from enemy air defense.

#### 9. Question

What is the primary advantage of the Astra Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile (BVRAAM) over conventional air-to-air missiles?

• (a) It has an unlimited range due to satellite-based guidance.

• (b) It can engage both aerial and ground targets using an advanced multi-mode seeker.

• (c) It has a longer range and higher speed, reducing the risk to the launching aircraft.

• (d) It is equipped with a nuclear warhead option, enhancing deterrence capabilities.

Solution: C

• Option a is incorrect – The Astra missile has a range of 100+ km, but it is not unlimited; it relies on radar and inertial navigation systems, not satellites.

• Option b is incorrect – Astra is strictly an air-to-air missile, and cannot engage ground targets.

• Option c is correct – Astra BVRAAM provides a stand-off capability, allowing the launching aircraft to engage targets from a safe distance beyond visual range.

• Option d is incorrect – Astra is not a nuclear-capable missile; it carries a high-explosive fragmentation warhead.

• What is Astra Missile? An advanced Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile(BVRAAM) designed for fighter aircraft. Enables aircraft to engage targets beyond 100 km without direct visual contact.

• An advanced Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile(BVRAAM) designed for fighter aircraft.

• Enables aircraft to engage targets beyond 100 km without direct visual contact.

• Developed by: Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), India. Manufactured by Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)under a ₹2,971 crore contract.

• Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), India.

• Manufactured by Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)under a ₹2,971 crore contract.

• Key Features: Altitude:Can engage targets at 20 km altitude. Range:Over 100 km, with high-speed precision targeting. Guidance System:Equipped with inertial navigation, mid-course updates, and active radar homing for precise hits. Speed:Capable of Mach 4.5 (4.5 times the speed of sound). Integration:Already deployed on Su-30MKI, now being integrated with LCA Tejas & MiG-29. Combat Advantage:Provides large stand-off range, reducing pilot risk from enemy air defense.

• Altitude:Can engage targets at 20 km altitude.

• Range:Over 100 km, with high-speed precision targeting.

• Guidance System:Equipped with inertial navigation, mid-course updates, and active radar homing for precise hits.

• Speed:Capable of Mach 4.5 (4.5 times the speed of sound).

• Integration:Already deployed on Su-30MKI, now being integrated with LCA Tejas & MiG-29.

• Combat Advantage:Provides large stand-off range, reducing pilot risk from enemy air defense.

Solution: C

• Option a is incorrect – The Astra missile has a range of 100+ km, but it is not unlimited; it relies on radar and inertial navigation systems, not satellites.

• Option b is incorrect – Astra is strictly an air-to-air missile, and cannot engage ground targets.

• Option c is correct – Astra BVRAAM provides a stand-off capability, allowing the launching aircraft to engage targets from a safe distance beyond visual range.

• Option d is incorrect – Astra is not a nuclear-capable missile; it carries a high-explosive fragmentation warhead.

• What is Astra Missile? An advanced Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile(BVRAAM) designed for fighter aircraft. Enables aircraft to engage targets beyond 100 km without direct visual contact.

• An advanced Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile(BVRAAM) designed for fighter aircraft.

• Enables aircraft to engage targets beyond 100 km without direct visual contact.

• Developed by: Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), India. Manufactured by Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)under a ₹2,971 crore contract.

• Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), India.

• Manufactured by Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)under a ₹2,971 crore contract.

• Key Features: Altitude:Can engage targets at 20 km altitude. Range:Over 100 km, with high-speed precision targeting. Guidance System:Equipped with inertial navigation, mid-course updates, and active radar homing for precise hits. Speed:Capable of Mach 4.5 (4.5 times the speed of sound). Integration:Already deployed on Su-30MKI, now being integrated with LCA Tejas & MiG-29. Combat Advantage:Provides large stand-off range, reducing pilot risk from enemy air defense.

• Altitude:Can engage targets at 20 km altitude.

• Range:Over 100 km, with high-speed precision targeting.

• Guidance System:Equipped with inertial navigation, mid-course updates, and active radar homing for precise hits.

• Speed:Capable of Mach 4.5 (4.5 times the speed of sound).

• Integration:Already deployed on Su-30MKI, now being integrated with LCA Tejas & MiG-29.

• Combat Advantage:Provides large stand-off range, reducing pilot risk from enemy air defense.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding North East Centre for Technology Application and Reach (NECTAR): It is an autonomous body under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India. One of its key projects includes the promotion of saffron cultivation in the Northeast, leveraging climate adaptation technology. NECTAR primarily focuses on the renewable energy sector, funding solar and wind energy projects in the Northeast. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is correct – NECTAR is an autonomous body under the DST, focusing on technology-based solutions. Statement 2 is correct – NECTAR has experimented with saffron cultivation in Northeast India, adapting the successful model from Jammu & Kashmir. Statement 3 is incorrect – While NECTAR supports renewable energy applications, its primary focus is on technology integration in agriculture, land mapping, and infrastructure, not just renewable energy. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is correct – NECTAR is an autonomous body under the DST, focusing on technology-based solutions. Statement 2 is correct – NECTAR has experimented with saffron cultivation in Northeast India, adapting the successful model from Jammu & Kashmir. Statement 3 is incorrect – While NECTAR supports renewable energy applications, its primary focus is on technology integration in agriculture, land mapping, and infrastructure, not just renewable energy.

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements regarding North East Centre for Technology Application and Reach (NECTAR):

• It is an autonomous body under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India.

• One of its key projects includes the promotion of saffron cultivation in the Northeast, leveraging climate adaptation technology.

• NECTAR primarily focuses on the renewable energy sector, funding solar and wind energy projects in the Northeast.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is correct – NECTAR is an autonomous body under the DST, focusing on technology-based solutions.

• Statement 2 is correct – NECTAR has experimented with saffron cultivation in Northeast India, adapting the successful model from Jammu & Kashmir.

• Statement 3 is incorrect – While NECTAR supports renewable energy applications, its primary focus is on technology integration in agriculture, land mapping, and infrastructure, not just renewable energy.

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is correct – NECTAR is an autonomous body under the DST, focusing on technology-based solutions.

• Statement 2 is correct – NECTAR has experimented with saffron cultivation in Northeast India, adapting the successful model from Jammu & Kashmir.

• Statement 3 is incorrect – While NECTAR supports renewable energy applications, its primary focus is on technology integration in agriculture, land mapping, and infrastructure, not just renewable energy.

Join our Official Telegram Channel HERE for Motivation and Fast Updates for

Join our Twitter Channel HERE

Follow our Instagram Channel HERE