UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 15 January 2025

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Which of the following is a key feature of Mission Mausam? a) Deployment of advanced weather observation radars and satellites b) Preservation of ancient maritime trade routes c) Creation of a unified global climate change treaty d) Establishment of an exclusive task force for disaster response Correct Solution: a) Mission Mausam focuses on modernizing India’s weather and climate monitoring infrastructure by deploying advanced radars, satellites, and high-performance computing systems. While it indirectly supports disaster management, the creation of a task force or global treaty is not part of its objectives. About Mission Mausam: What it is: Mission Mausam is a comprehensive program to modernize India’s weather and climate monitoring infrastructure, focusing on advanced technologies for atmospheric observations and data analysis. Ministry/Department: Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) and India Meteorological Department (IMD). Aim: To make India a weather-ready and climate-smart nation. To enhance weather forecasting accuracy and support climate change mitigation efforts. Key Features Advanced Infrastructure: Deployment of next-generation radars, satellites, and high-performance computing systems for real-time atmospheric monitoring Improved Forecasting: Strengthening weather and climate prediction models with high-resolution data for accurate short and long-term forecasts. Air Quality Monitoring: Enhanced air quality data collection for environmental interventions and weather management strategies. Sectoral Benefits: Direct benefits to agriculture, disaster management, aviation, defence, energy, and health sectors. Vision-2047 Alignment: Complementing the IMD Vision-2047 roadmap for climate adaptation and resilience. Incorrect Solution: a) Mission Mausam focuses on modernizing India’s weather and climate monitoring infrastructure by deploying advanced radars, satellites, and high-performance computing systems. While it indirectly supports disaster management, the creation of a task force or global treaty is not part of its objectives. About Mission Mausam: What it is: Mission Mausam is a comprehensive program to modernize India’s weather and climate monitoring infrastructure, focusing on advanced technologies for atmospheric observations and data analysis. Ministry/Department: Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) and India Meteorological Department (IMD). Aim: To make India a weather-ready and climate-smart nation. To enhance weather forecasting accuracy and support climate change mitigation efforts. Key Features Advanced Infrastructure: Deployment of next-generation radars, satellites, and high-performance computing systems for real-time atmospheric monitoring Improved Forecasting: Strengthening weather and climate prediction models with high-resolution data for accurate short and long-term forecasts. Air Quality Monitoring: Enhanced air quality data collection for environmental interventions and weather management strategies. Sectoral Benefits: Direct benefits to agriculture, disaster management, aviation, defence, energy, and health sectors. Vision-2047 Alignment: Complementing the IMD Vision-2047 roadmap for climate adaptation and resilience.

#### 1. Question

Which of the following is a key feature of Mission Mausam?

• a) Deployment of advanced weather observation radars and satellites

• b) Preservation of ancient maritime trade routes

• c) Creation of a unified global climate change treaty

• d) Establishment of an exclusive task force for disaster response

Solution: a)

Mission Mausam focuses on modernizing India’s weather and climate monitoring infrastructure by deploying advanced radars, satellites, and high-performance computing systems. While it indirectly supports disaster management, the creation of a task force or global treaty is not part of its objectives.

About Mission Mausam:

• What it is: Mission Mausam is a comprehensive program to modernize India’s weather and climate monitoring infrastructure, focusing on advanced technologies for atmospheric observations and data analysis.

• Ministry/Department: Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) and India Meteorological Department (IMD).

• Aim: To make India a weather-ready and climate-smart nation. To enhance weather forecasting accuracy and support climate change mitigation efforts.

• To make India a weather-ready and climate-smart nation.

• To enhance weather forecasting accuracy and support climate change mitigation efforts.

• Key Features Advanced Infrastructure: Deployment of next-generation radars, satellites, and high-performance computing systems for real-time atmospheric monitoring Improved Forecasting: Strengthening weather and climate prediction models with high-resolution data for accurate short and long-term forecasts. Air Quality Monitoring: Enhanced air quality data collection for environmental interventions and weather management strategies. Sectoral Benefits: Direct benefits to agriculture, disaster management, aviation, defence, energy, and health sectors. Vision-2047 Alignment: Complementing the IMD Vision-2047 roadmap for climate adaptation and resilience.

• Advanced Infrastructure: Deployment of next-generation radars, satellites, and high-performance computing systems for real-time atmospheric monitoring

• Improved Forecasting: Strengthening weather and climate prediction models with high-resolution data for accurate short and long-term forecasts.

• Air Quality Monitoring: Enhanced air quality data collection for environmental interventions and weather management strategies.

• Sectoral Benefits: Direct benefits to agriculture, disaster management, aviation, defence, energy, and health sectors.

• Vision-2047 Alignment: Complementing the IMD Vision-2047 roadmap for climate adaptation and resilience.

Solution: a)

Mission Mausam focuses on modernizing India’s weather and climate monitoring infrastructure by deploying advanced radars, satellites, and high-performance computing systems. While it indirectly supports disaster management, the creation of a task force or global treaty is not part of its objectives.

About Mission Mausam:

• What it is: Mission Mausam is a comprehensive program to modernize India’s weather and climate monitoring infrastructure, focusing on advanced technologies for atmospheric observations and data analysis.

• Ministry/Department: Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) and India Meteorological Department (IMD).

• Aim: To make India a weather-ready and climate-smart nation. To enhance weather forecasting accuracy and support climate change mitigation efforts.

• To make India a weather-ready and climate-smart nation.

• To enhance weather forecasting accuracy and support climate change mitigation efforts.

• Key Features Advanced Infrastructure: Deployment of next-generation radars, satellites, and high-performance computing systems for real-time atmospheric monitoring Improved Forecasting: Strengthening weather and climate prediction models with high-resolution data for accurate short and long-term forecasts. Air Quality Monitoring: Enhanced air quality data collection for environmental interventions and weather management strategies. Sectoral Benefits: Direct benefits to agriculture, disaster management, aviation, defence, energy, and health sectors. Vision-2047 Alignment: Complementing the IMD Vision-2047 roadmap for climate adaptation and resilience.

• Advanced Infrastructure: Deployment of next-generation radars, satellites, and high-performance computing systems for real-time atmospheric monitoring

• Improved Forecasting: Strengthening weather and climate prediction models with high-resolution data for accurate short and long-term forecasts.

• Air Quality Monitoring: Enhanced air quality data collection for environmental interventions and weather management strategies.

• Sectoral Benefits: Direct benefits to agriculture, disaster management, aviation, defence, energy, and health sectors.

• Vision-2047 Alignment: Complementing the IMD Vision-2047 roadmap for climate adaptation and resilience.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Which of the following are features of Diego Garcia Island? It is located south of the equator in the Indian Ocean. It serves as a key refueling and logistics hub for U.S. naval operations. It is uninhabited except for military personnel and contractors. It is home to one of the largest coral reefs in the world. Select the correct answer: a) 1, 2, and 3 only b) 2, 3, and 4 only c) 1, 2, 3, and 4 d) 1, 3, and 4 only Correct Solution: c) Diego Garcia is located south of the equator and serves as a U.S. military base and logistics hub. It is uninhabited except for military personnel, and it features a significant coral reef ecosystem. About Diego Garcia Island: Located in: Central Indian Ocean, part of the Chagos Archipelago. Controlled by: British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), leased to the United States for a military base. Features: A coral atoll with a V-shaped cay and an open lagoon at its northern end. Discovered by the Portuguese in the 16th century. Strategic air and naval base for the U.S. Located in the south of the equator. Incorrect Solution: c) Diego Garcia is located south of the equator and serves as a U.S. military base and logistics hub. It is uninhabited except for military personnel, and it features a significant coral reef ecosystem. About Diego Garcia Island: Located in: Central Indian Ocean, part of the Chagos Archipelago. Controlled by: British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), leased to the United States for a military base. Features: A coral atoll with a V-shaped cay and an open lagoon at its northern end. Discovered by the Portuguese in the 16th century. Strategic air and naval base for the U.S. Located in the south of the equator.

#### 2. Question

Which of the following are features of Diego Garcia Island?

• It is located south of the equator in the Indian Ocean.

• It serves as a key refueling and logistics hub for U.S. naval operations.

• It is uninhabited except for military personnel and contractors.

• It is home to one of the largest coral reefs in the world.

Select the correct answer:

• a) 1, 2, and 3 only

• b) 2, 3, and 4 only

• c) 1, 2, 3, and 4

• d) 1, 3, and 4 only

Solution: c)

Diego Garcia is located south of the equator and serves as a U.S. military base and logistics hub. It is uninhabited except for military personnel, and it features a significant coral reef ecosystem.

About Diego Garcia Island:

• Located in: Central Indian Ocean, part of the Chagos Archipelago.

• Controlled by: British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), leased to the United States for a military base.

• Features: A coral atoll with a V-shaped cay and an open lagoon at its northern end. Discovered by the Portuguese in the 16th century. Strategic air and naval base for the U.S. Located in the south of the equator.

• A coral atoll with a V-shaped cay and an open lagoon at its northern end.

• Discovered by the Portuguese in the 16th century.

• Strategic air and naval base for the U.S.

• Located in the south of the equator.

Solution: c)

Diego Garcia is located south of the equator and serves as a U.S. military base and logistics hub. It is uninhabited except for military personnel, and it features a significant coral reef ecosystem.

About Diego Garcia Island:

• Located in: Central Indian Ocean, part of the Chagos Archipelago.

• Controlled by: British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), leased to the United States for a military base.

• Features: A coral atoll with a V-shaped cay and an open lagoon at its northern end. Discovered by the Portuguese in the 16th century. Strategic air and naval base for the U.S. Located in the south of the equator.

• A coral atoll with a V-shaped cay and an open lagoon at its northern end.

• Discovered by the Portuguese in the 16th century.

• Strategic air and naval base for the U.S.

• Located in the south of the equator.

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points What is the primary significance of the Purulia Observatory for India’s scientific research? a) It advances India’s capabilities in radio astronomy and exoplanet studies. b) It helps integrate India into global networks for transient astronomical observations. c) It enables satellite tracking and space debris monitoring. d) It provides a unique facility for studying the Earth’s magnetosphere. Correct Solution: b) The Purulia Observatory’s main significance lies in its contribution to global networks for transient astronomical observations, such as supernovae and gamma-ray bursts. It does not focus on radio astronomy, satellite tracking, or Earth’s magnetosphere. About Purulia Observatory: Established by: S N Bose Centre for Basic Sciences (SNBCBS) under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), India. What it is: An advanced astronomical observatory equipped with a 14-inch telescope for scientific observations and training. Located in: Panchet Hill, Garpanchakot area, Purulia district, West Bengal, at an elevation of 600 meters. Other observatories in India: Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) in Nainital, Vainu Bappu Observatory in Tamil Nadu, and IUCAA Observatory in Pune. Significance: Fills a critical longitudinal gap (86° E) in global astronomical observation networks. Enables observation of transient astronomical events for international collaboration. Promotes astrophysics research, local ecosystem growth, and student engagement in a backward region. Incorrect Solution: b) The Purulia Observatory’s main significance lies in its contribution to global networks for transient astronomical observations, such as supernovae and gamma-ray bursts. It does not focus on radio astronomy, satellite tracking, or Earth’s magnetosphere. About Purulia Observatory: Established by: S N Bose Centre for Basic Sciences (SNBCBS) under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), India. What it is: An advanced astronomical observatory equipped with a 14-inch telescope for scientific observations and training. Located in: Panchet Hill, Garpanchakot area, Purulia district, West Bengal, at an elevation of 600 meters. Other observatories in India: Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) in Nainital, Vainu Bappu Observatory in Tamil Nadu, and IUCAA Observatory in Pune. Significance: Fills a critical longitudinal gap (86° E) in global astronomical observation networks. Enables observation of transient astronomical events for international collaboration. Promotes astrophysics research, local ecosystem growth, and student engagement in a backward region.

#### 3. Question

What is the primary significance of the Purulia Observatory for India’s scientific research?

• a) It advances India’s capabilities in radio astronomy and exoplanet studies.

• b) It helps integrate India into global networks for transient astronomical observations.

• c) It enables satellite tracking and space debris monitoring.

• d) It provides a unique facility for studying the Earth’s magnetosphere.

Solution: b)

The Purulia Observatory’s main significance lies in its contribution to global networks for transient astronomical observations, such as supernovae and gamma-ray bursts. It does not focus on radio astronomy, satellite tracking, or Earth’s magnetosphere.

About Purulia Observatory:

• Established by: S N Bose Centre for Basic Sciences (SNBCBS) under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), India.

• What it is: An advanced astronomical observatory equipped with a 14-inch telescope for scientific observations and training.

• Located in: Panchet Hill, Garpanchakot area, Purulia district, West Bengal, at an elevation of 600 meters.

• Other observatories in India: Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) in Nainital, Vainu Bappu Observatory in Tamil Nadu, and IUCAA Observatory in Pune.

• Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) in Nainital, Vainu Bappu Observatory in Tamil Nadu, and IUCAA Observatory in Pune.

• Significance: Fills a critical longitudinal gap (86° E) in global astronomical observation networks. Enables observation of transient astronomical events for international collaboration. Promotes astrophysics research, local ecosystem growth, and student engagement in a backward region.

• Fills a critical longitudinal gap (86° E) in global astronomical observation networks.

• Enables observation of transient astronomical events for international collaboration.

• Promotes astrophysics research, local ecosystem growth, and student engagement in a backward region.

Solution: b)

The Purulia Observatory’s main significance lies in its contribution to global networks for transient astronomical observations, such as supernovae and gamma-ray bursts. It does not focus on radio astronomy, satellite tracking, or Earth’s magnetosphere.

About Purulia Observatory:

• Established by: S N Bose Centre for Basic Sciences (SNBCBS) under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), India.

• What it is: An advanced astronomical observatory equipped with a 14-inch telescope for scientific observations and training.

• Located in: Panchet Hill, Garpanchakot area, Purulia district, West Bengal, at an elevation of 600 meters.

• Other observatories in India: Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) in Nainital, Vainu Bappu Observatory in Tamil Nadu, and IUCAA Observatory in Pune.

• Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) in Nainital, Vainu Bappu Observatory in Tamil Nadu, and IUCAA Observatory in Pune.

• Significance: Fills a critical longitudinal gap (86° E) in global astronomical observation networks. Enables observation of transient astronomical events for international collaboration. Promotes astrophysics research, local ecosystem growth, and student engagement in a backward region.

• Fills a critical longitudinal gap (86° E) in global astronomical observation networks.

• Enables observation of transient astronomical events for international collaboration.

• Promotes astrophysics research, local ecosystem growth, and student engagement in a backward region.

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Which of the following factors primarily contributes to the formation of sada landscapes? a) Volcanic eruptions leading to basaltic layers b) Erosion and weathering of lateritic soils over centuries c) Deposition of alluvial sediments during monsoons d) Glacial activity in the past geological eras Correct Solution: b) Sada landscapes are flat-top plateaus formed due to the erosion and weathering of lateritic soils over centuries. They are not formed by volcanic activity, alluvial deposition, or glacial action. About Sada: What it is: Flat-top plateaus formed by centuries of erosion, locally called sada, meaning a large flat area. Located in: Found in the Konkan region of Maharashtra, particularly in Ratnagiri district, between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats. How they are established: Created due to geological weathering of lateritic soil and erosion processes over centuries. Other names: Similar to pathar plateaus, such as the Kaas Plateau in Satara district. Geographical features: Rocky terrain with lateritic soil, transforming into lush biodiversity hubs during monsoons. Serve as freshwater catchments due to their unique geology. Incorrect Solution: b) Sada landscapes are flat-top plateaus formed due to the erosion and weathering of lateritic soils over centuries. They are not formed by volcanic activity, alluvial deposition, or glacial action. About Sada: What it is: Flat-top plateaus formed by centuries of erosion, locally called sada, meaning a large flat area. Located in: Found in the Konkan region of Maharashtra, particularly in Ratnagiri district, between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats. How they are established: Created due to geological weathering of lateritic soil and erosion processes over centuries. Other names: Similar to pathar plateaus, such as the Kaas Plateau in Satara district. Geographical features: Rocky terrain with lateritic soil, transforming into lush biodiversity hubs during monsoons. Serve as freshwater catchments due to their unique geology.

#### 4. Question

Which of the following factors primarily contributes to the formation of sada landscapes?

• a) Volcanic eruptions leading to basaltic layers

• b) Erosion and weathering of lateritic soils over centuries

• c) Deposition of alluvial sediments during monsoons

• d) Glacial activity in the past geological eras

Solution: b)

Sada landscapes are flat-top plateaus formed due to the erosion and weathering of lateritic soils over centuries. They are not formed by volcanic activity, alluvial deposition, or glacial action.

About Sada:

• What it is: Flat-top plateaus formed by centuries of erosion, locally called sada, meaning a large flat area.

• Located in: Found in the Konkan region of Maharashtra, particularly in Ratnagiri district, between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats.

• How they are established: Created due to geological weathering of lateritic soil and erosion processes over centuries.

• Other names: Similar to pathar plateaus, such as the Kaas Plateau in Satara district.

• Geographical features: Rocky terrain with lateritic soil, transforming into lush biodiversity hubs during monsoons. Serve as freshwater catchments due to their unique geology.

• Rocky terrain with lateritic soil, transforming into lush biodiversity hubs during monsoons.

• Serve as freshwater catchments due to their unique geology.

Solution: b)

Sada landscapes are flat-top plateaus formed due to the erosion and weathering of lateritic soils over centuries. They are not formed by volcanic activity, alluvial deposition, or glacial action.

About Sada:

• What it is: Flat-top plateaus formed by centuries of erosion, locally called sada, meaning a large flat area.

• Located in: Found in the Konkan region of Maharashtra, particularly in Ratnagiri district, between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats.

• How they are established: Created due to geological weathering of lateritic soil and erosion processes over centuries.

• Other names: Similar to pathar plateaus, such as the Kaas Plateau in Satara district.

• Geographical features: Rocky terrain with lateritic soil, transforming into lush biodiversity hubs during monsoons. Serve as freshwater catchments due to their unique geology.

• Rocky terrain with lateritic soil, transforming into lush biodiversity hubs during monsoons.

• Serve as freshwater catchments due to their unique geology.

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the PKC River Link Project: It diverts water exclusively for drinking water supply. It completely avoids any impact on wildlife habitats. It is a transboundary project involving India and Bangladesh. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: d) The PKC River Link Project serves multiple purposes, including irrigation, drinking water, and industrial use. It impacts wildlife habitats, particularly in the Ranthambore Tiger Reserve. It is a domestic project involving Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, not a transboundary initiative. About Parbati-Kalisindh-Chambal (PKC) Link Project: What it is: An inter-state river-linking project combining the PKC link and Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project (ERCP). Launched in: Conceived in 2017 and modified in 2023. Aim: To optimize water resources for irrigation, drinking, and industrial use, benefiting people in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. Features: Total cost: ₹72,000 crore (90% by the Central Government). Provides 4,100 MCM water to Rajasthan and 3,000 MCM to Madhya Pradesh. Rivers involved: Chambal, Parbati, Kalisindh, Banas, and their tributaries. Chambal River: Origin: Singar Chouri Peak, Vindhya Mountains, Madhya Pradesh. Tributaries: Banas, Kali Sindh, Parbati, Sipra, and Mej Rivers. Parbati River: Origin: Vindhya Range, Sehore District, Madhya Pradesh. Tributaries: Kuno, Parwan, and Seep Rivers. Kali Sindh River: Origin: Bagli, Dewas District, Madhya Pradesh. Tributaries: Newaj, Ahu, and Parwan Rivers. Incorrect Solution: d) The PKC River Link Project serves multiple purposes, including irrigation, drinking water, and industrial use. It impacts wildlife habitats, particularly in the Ranthambore Tiger Reserve. It is a domestic project involving Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, not a transboundary initiative. About Parbati-Kalisindh-Chambal (PKC) Link Project: What it is: An inter-state river-linking project combining the PKC link and Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project (ERCP). Launched in: Conceived in 2017 and modified in 2023. Aim: To optimize water resources for irrigation, drinking, and industrial use, benefiting people in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. Features: Total cost: ₹72,000 crore (90% by the Central Government). Provides 4,100 MCM water to Rajasthan and 3,000 MCM to Madhya Pradesh. Rivers involved: Chambal, Parbati, Kalisindh, Banas, and their tributaries. Chambal River: Origin: Singar Chouri Peak, Vindhya Mountains, Madhya Pradesh. Tributaries: Banas, Kali Sindh, Parbati, Sipra, and Mej Rivers. Parbati River: Origin: Vindhya Range, Sehore District, Madhya Pradesh. Tributaries: Kuno, Parwan, and Seep Rivers. Kali Sindh River: Origin: Bagli, Dewas District, Madhya Pradesh. Tributaries: Newaj, Ahu, and Parwan Rivers.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements about the PKC River Link Project:

• It diverts water exclusively for drinking water supply.

• It completely avoids any impact on wildlife habitats.

• It is a transboundary project involving India and Bangladesh.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: d)

The PKC River Link Project serves multiple purposes, including irrigation, drinking water, and industrial use. It impacts wildlife habitats, particularly in the Ranthambore Tiger Reserve. It is a domestic project involving Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, not a transboundary initiative.

About Parbati-Kalisindh-Chambal (PKC) Link Project:

• What it is: An inter-state river-linking project combining the PKC link and Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project (ERCP).

• Launched in: Conceived in 2017 and modified in 2023.

• Aim: To optimize water resources for irrigation, drinking, and industrial use, benefiting people in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.

• Features: Total cost: ₹72,000 crore (90% by the Central Government). Provides 4,100 MCM water to Rajasthan and 3,000 MCM to Madhya Pradesh.

• Total cost: ₹72,000 crore (90% by the Central Government).

• Provides 4,100 MCM water to Rajasthan and 3,000 MCM to Madhya Pradesh.

• Rivers involved: Chambal, Parbati, Kalisindh, Banas, and their tributaries. Chambal River: Origin: Singar Chouri Peak, Vindhya Mountains, Madhya Pradesh. Tributaries: Banas, Kali Sindh, Parbati, Sipra, and Mej Rivers. Parbati River: Origin: Vindhya Range, Sehore District, Madhya Pradesh. Tributaries: Kuno, Parwan, and Seep Rivers. Kali Sindh River: Origin: Bagli, Dewas District, Madhya Pradesh. Tributaries: Newaj, Ahu, and Parwan Rivers.

• Chambal River: Origin: Singar Chouri Peak, Vindhya Mountains, Madhya Pradesh. Tributaries: Banas, Kali Sindh, Parbati, Sipra, and Mej Rivers.

• Origin: Singar Chouri Peak, Vindhya Mountains, Madhya Pradesh.

• Tributaries: Banas, Kali Sindh, Parbati, Sipra, and Mej Rivers.

• Parbati River: Origin: Vindhya Range, Sehore District, Madhya Pradesh. Tributaries: Kuno, Parwan, and Seep Rivers.

• Origin: Vindhya Range, Sehore District, Madhya Pradesh.

• Tributaries: Kuno, Parwan, and Seep Rivers.

• Kali Sindh River: Origin: Bagli, Dewas District, Madhya Pradesh. Tributaries: Newaj, Ahu, and Parwan Rivers.

• Origin: Bagli, Dewas District, Madhya Pradesh.

• Tributaries: Newaj, Ahu, and Parwan Rivers.

Solution: d)

The PKC River Link Project serves multiple purposes, including irrigation, drinking water, and industrial use. It impacts wildlife habitats, particularly in the Ranthambore Tiger Reserve. It is a domestic project involving Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, not a transboundary initiative.

About Parbati-Kalisindh-Chambal (PKC) Link Project:

• What it is: An inter-state river-linking project combining the PKC link and Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project (ERCP).

• Launched in: Conceived in 2017 and modified in 2023.

• Aim: To optimize water resources for irrigation, drinking, and industrial use, benefiting people in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.

• Features: Total cost: ₹72,000 crore (90% by the Central Government). Provides 4,100 MCM water to Rajasthan and 3,000 MCM to Madhya Pradesh.

• Total cost: ₹72,000 crore (90% by the Central Government).

• Provides 4,100 MCM water to Rajasthan and 3,000 MCM to Madhya Pradesh.

• Rivers involved: Chambal, Parbati, Kalisindh, Banas, and their tributaries. Chambal River: Origin: Singar Chouri Peak, Vindhya Mountains, Madhya Pradesh. Tributaries: Banas, Kali Sindh, Parbati, Sipra, and Mej Rivers. Parbati River: Origin: Vindhya Range, Sehore District, Madhya Pradesh. Tributaries: Kuno, Parwan, and Seep Rivers. Kali Sindh River: Origin: Bagli, Dewas District, Madhya Pradesh. Tributaries: Newaj, Ahu, and Parwan Rivers.

• Chambal River: Origin: Singar Chouri Peak, Vindhya Mountains, Madhya Pradesh. Tributaries: Banas, Kali Sindh, Parbati, Sipra, and Mej Rivers.

• Origin: Singar Chouri Peak, Vindhya Mountains, Madhya Pradesh.

• Tributaries: Banas, Kali Sindh, Parbati, Sipra, and Mej Rivers.

• Parbati River: Origin: Vindhya Range, Sehore District, Madhya Pradesh. Tributaries: Kuno, Parwan, and Seep Rivers.

• Origin: Vindhya Range, Sehore District, Madhya Pradesh.

• Tributaries: Kuno, Parwan, and Seep Rivers.

• Kali Sindh River: Origin: Bagli, Dewas District, Madhya Pradesh. Tributaries: Newaj, Ahu, and Parwan Rivers.

• Origin: Bagli, Dewas District, Madhya Pradesh.

• Tributaries: Newaj, Ahu, and Parwan Rivers.

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Which of the following features makes Ranthambore Tiger Reserve unique among India’s tiger reserves? a) It contains the Great Boundary Fault, where the Aravalis meet the Vindhyas. b) It is located at the confluence of two major river systems. c) It is the only tiger reserve in India with a saline lake ecosystem. d) It is home to the largest population of Royal Bengal Tigers in India. Correct Solution: a) Ranthambore Tiger Reserve is unique due to the Great Boundary Fault, where the Aravalis and Vindhyas meet. It is not the only reserve located near river systems, it does not have saline lakes, and while it has a significant tiger population, it does not host the largest in India (that distinction belongs to reserves like Corbett). About Ranthambore Tiger Reserve: Location: Situated at the junction of the Aravalis and Vindhyas in Eastern Rajasthan. Features: Bounded by the Chambal River in the south and the Banas River in the north. Includes the iconic Ranthambore Fort (UNESCO World Heritage Site). Dominated by tropical dry deciduous and thorn forests. Flora: Abundance of Dhok trees interspersed with grasslands and lush foliage near water sources. Fauna: Hosts tigers, leopards, wild boars, sloth bears, striped hyenas, and rhesus macaques. Uniqueness: Known for its ‘Great Boundary Fault,’ a meeting point of the Vindhyas and Aravalli’s. Incorrect Solution: a) Ranthambore Tiger Reserve is unique due to the Great Boundary Fault, where the Aravalis and Vindhyas meet. It is not the only reserve located near river systems, it does not have saline lakes, and while it has a significant tiger population, it does not host the largest in India (that distinction belongs to reserves like Corbett). About Ranthambore Tiger Reserve: Location: Situated at the junction of the Aravalis and Vindhyas in Eastern Rajasthan. Features: Bounded by the Chambal River in the south and the Banas River in the north. Includes the iconic Ranthambore Fort (UNESCO World Heritage Site). Dominated by tropical dry deciduous and thorn forests. Flora: Abundance of Dhok trees interspersed with grasslands and lush foliage near water sources. Fauna: Hosts tigers, leopards, wild boars, sloth bears, striped hyenas, and rhesus macaques. Uniqueness: Known for its ‘Great Boundary Fault,’ a meeting point of the Vindhyas and Aravalli’s.

#### 6. Question

Which of the following features makes Ranthambore Tiger Reserve unique among India’s tiger reserves?

• a) It contains the Great Boundary Fault, where the Aravalis meet the Vindhyas.

• b) It is located at the confluence of two major river systems.

• c) It is the only tiger reserve in India with a saline lake ecosystem.

• d) It is home to the largest population of Royal Bengal Tigers in India.

Solution: a)

Ranthambore Tiger Reserve is unique due to the Great Boundary Fault, where the Aravalis and Vindhyas meet. It is not the only reserve located near river systems, it does not have saline lakes, and while it has a significant tiger population, it does not host the largest in India (that distinction belongs to reserves like Corbett).

About Ranthambore Tiger Reserve:

• Location: Situated at the junction of the Aravalis and Vindhyas in Eastern Rajasthan.

• Features: Bounded by the Chambal River in the south and the Banas River in the north. Includes the iconic Ranthambore Fort (UNESCO World Heritage Site). Dominated by tropical dry deciduous and thorn forests.

• Bounded by the Chambal River in the south and the Banas River in the north.

• Includes the iconic Ranthambore Fort (UNESCO World Heritage Site).

• Dominated by tropical dry deciduous and thorn forests.

• Flora: Abundance of Dhok trees interspersed with grasslands and lush foliage near water sources.

• Fauna: Hosts tigers, leopards, wild boars, sloth bears, striped hyenas, and rhesus macaques.

• Uniqueness: Known for its ‘Great Boundary Fault,’ a meeting point of the Vindhyas and Aravalli’s.

Solution: a)

Ranthambore Tiger Reserve is unique due to the Great Boundary Fault, where the Aravalis and Vindhyas meet. It is not the only reserve located near river systems, it does not have saline lakes, and while it has a significant tiger population, it does not host the largest in India (that distinction belongs to reserves like Corbett).

About Ranthambore Tiger Reserve:

• Location: Situated at the junction of the Aravalis and Vindhyas in Eastern Rajasthan.

• Features: Bounded by the Chambal River in the south and the Banas River in the north. Includes the iconic Ranthambore Fort (UNESCO World Heritage Site). Dominated by tropical dry deciduous and thorn forests.

• Bounded by the Chambal River in the south and the Banas River in the north.

• Includes the iconic Ranthambore Fort (UNESCO World Heritage Site).

• Dominated by tropical dry deciduous and thorn forests.

• Flora: Abundance of Dhok trees interspersed with grasslands and lush foliage near water sources.

• Fauna: Hosts tigers, leopards, wild boars, sloth bears, striped hyenas, and rhesus macaques.

• Uniqueness: Known for its ‘Great Boundary Fault,’ a meeting point of the Vindhyas and Aravalli’s.

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points What is the primary geopolitical significance of the Gaza Truce Deal? a) It resolves the longstanding territorial dispute between Israel and Palestine. b) It leads to the immediate withdrawal of all foreign forces from Gaza. c) It highlights the shifting role of Middle Eastern nations in global diplomacy. d) It establishes a new governance framework for Gaza under international oversight. Correct Solution: c) The Gaza Truce Deal underscores the growing influence of Middle Eastern nations, particularly Qatar and Egypt, in mediating high-stakes regional conflicts. It does not resolve the Israel-Palestine dispute, nor does it involve foreign force withdrawal or governance restructuring. About Gaza Truce Deal: What it is: A proposed ceasefire agreement to end the prolonged conflict in Gaza, including provisions for a phased truce, hostage release, and further negotiations for lasting peace. Nations involved: Primary Parties: Israel and Hamas. Supporting Nations: U.S., Qatar, and Egypt. Mediator Nation: Qatar led the mediation efforts, hosting negotiations in Doha with representatives from Israel and Hamas. Significance: Humanitarian Impact: Aims to halt the fighting, which has resulted in over 46,000 Palestinian casualties. Political Implications: Could stabilize regional tensions and influence coalition politics in Israel. Global Diplomacy: Marks a critical moment in U.S. diplomacy under outgoing President Biden and incoming President Trump. Incorrect Solution: c) The Gaza Truce Deal underscores the growing influence of Middle Eastern nations, particularly Qatar and Egypt, in mediating high-stakes regional conflicts. It does not resolve the Israel-Palestine dispute, nor does it involve foreign force withdrawal or governance restructuring. About Gaza Truce Deal: What it is: A proposed ceasefire agreement to end the prolonged conflict in Gaza, including provisions for a phased truce, hostage release, and further negotiations for lasting peace. Nations involved: Primary Parties: Israel and Hamas. Supporting Nations: U.S., Qatar, and Egypt. Mediator Nation: Qatar led the mediation efforts, hosting negotiations in Doha with representatives from Israel and Hamas. Significance: Humanitarian Impact: Aims to halt the fighting, which has resulted in over 46,000 Palestinian casualties. Political Implications: Could stabilize regional tensions and influence coalition politics in Israel. Global Diplomacy: Marks a critical moment in U.S. diplomacy under outgoing President Biden and incoming President Trump.

#### 7. Question

What is the primary geopolitical significance of the Gaza Truce Deal?

• a) It resolves the longstanding territorial dispute between Israel and Palestine.

• b) It leads to the immediate withdrawal of all foreign forces from Gaza.

• c) It highlights the shifting role of Middle Eastern nations in global diplomacy.

• d) It establishes a new governance framework for Gaza under international oversight.

Solution: c)

The Gaza Truce Deal underscores the growing influence of Middle Eastern nations, particularly Qatar and Egypt, in mediating high-stakes regional conflicts. It does not resolve the Israel-Palestine dispute, nor does it involve foreign force withdrawal or governance restructuring.

About Gaza Truce Deal:

• What it is: A proposed ceasefire agreement to end the prolonged conflict in Gaza, including provisions for a phased truce, hostage release, and further negotiations for lasting peace.

• Nations involved:

• Primary Parties: Israel and Hamas. Supporting Nations: U.S., Qatar, and Egypt.

• Primary Parties: Israel and Hamas.

• Supporting Nations: U.S., Qatar, and Egypt.

• Mediator Nation: Qatar led the mediation efforts, hosting negotiations in Doha with representatives from Israel and Hamas.

• Significance:

• Humanitarian Impact: Aims to halt the fighting, which has resulted in over 46,000 Palestinian casualties. Political Implications: Could stabilize regional tensions and influence coalition politics in Israel. Global Diplomacy: Marks a critical moment in U.S. diplomacy under outgoing President Biden and incoming President Trump.

• Humanitarian Impact: Aims to halt the fighting, which has resulted in over 46,000 Palestinian casualties.

• Political Implications: Could stabilize regional tensions and influence coalition politics in Israel.

• Global Diplomacy: Marks a critical moment in U.S. diplomacy under outgoing President Biden and incoming President Trump.

Solution: c)

The Gaza Truce Deal underscores the growing influence of Middle Eastern nations, particularly Qatar and Egypt, in mediating high-stakes regional conflicts. It does not resolve the Israel-Palestine dispute, nor does it involve foreign force withdrawal or governance restructuring.

About Gaza Truce Deal:

• What it is: A proposed ceasefire agreement to end the prolonged conflict in Gaza, including provisions for a phased truce, hostage release, and further negotiations for lasting peace.

• Nations involved:

• Primary Parties: Israel and Hamas. Supporting Nations: U.S., Qatar, and Egypt.

• Primary Parties: Israel and Hamas.

• Supporting Nations: U.S., Qatar, and Egypt.

• Mediator Nation: Qatar led the mediation efforts, hosting negotiations in Doha with representatives from Israel and Hamas.

• Significance:

• Humanitarian Impact: Aims to halt the fighting, which has resulted in over 46,000 Palestinian casualties. Political Implications: Could stabilize regional tensions and influence coalition politics in Israel. Global Diplomacy: Marks a critical moment in U.S. diplomacy under outgoing President Biden and incoming President Trump.

• Humanitarian Impact: Aims to halt the fighting, which has resulted in over 46,000 Palestinian casualties.

• Political Implications: Could stabilize regional tensions and influence coalition politics in Israel.

• Global Diplomacy: Marks a critical moment in U.S. diplomacy under outgoing President Biden and incoming President Trump.

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about rat-hole mining: It is primarily conducted in the Western Ghats region of India. Modern machinery is used extensively to improve efficiency. It is considered a sustainable method of coal extraction. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: d) Rat-hole mining is prevalent in Northeast India, not the Western Ghats. It is a manual, unmechanized process and is highly unsustainable due to its environmental and safety issues. About Rat-hole Mining: What it is: Rat-hole mining involves digging narrow tunnels, barely large enough for workers to crawl in, to extract coal seams. It is of two types: Side-cutting mining on hill slopes to follow visible coal seams. Box-cutting mining where deep pits are dug, and horizontal tunnels are made. Why it persists in India: Economic Incentives: Workers earn significantly more compared to farm or construction work. Local Control: In Sixth Schedule areas like Meghalaya, landowners also own the minerals, making regulation challenging. Lack of Modern Techniques: High costs and terrain complexities discourage mechanized mining. Poor Governance: Weak enforcement and alleged official complicity allow illegal mining to flourish. NGT Ban: Imposed in 2014 to prevent environmental degradation and protect lives. Why Northeast India has more rat-hole coal mines: Sixth Schedule Land Rights: In states like Meghalaya, tribal communities own land and minerals, making it difficult for government regulations to enforce mining standards effectively. Thin Coal Seams: The coal deposits in Northeast India are narrow and shallow, making large-scale mechanized mining economically unviable and favoring primitive rat-hole techniques. Challenging Terrain: The hilly and rugged topography of the region restricts the use of modern mining machinery, leading to reliance on manual methods like rat-hole mining. High Demand and Local Economy: Rat-hole mining provides quick profits and employment for local communities, driven by demand from nearby industries like cement and thermal power plants. Incorrect Solution: d) Rat-hole mining is prevalent in Northeast India, not the Western Ghats. It is a manual, unmechanized process and is highly unsustainable due to its environmental and safety issues. About Rat-hole Mining: What it is: Rat-hole mining involves digging narrow tunnels, barely large enough for workers to crawl in, to extract coal seams. It is of two types: Side-cutting mining on hill slopes to follow visible coal seams. Box-cutting mining where deep pits are dug, and horizontal tunnels are made. Why it persists in India: Economic Incentives: Workers earn significantly more compared to farm or construction work. Local Control: In Sixth Schedule areas like Meghalaya, landowners also own the minerals, making regulation challenging. Lack of Modern Techniques: High costs and terrain complexities discourage mechanized mining. Poor Governance: Weak enforcement and alleged official complicity allow illegal mining to flourish. NGT Ban: Imposed in 2014 to prevent environmental degradation and protect lives. Why Northeast India has more rat-hole coal mines: Sixth Schedule Land Rights: In states like Meghalaya, tribal communities own land and minerals, making it difficult for government regulations to enforce mining standards effectively. Thin Coal Seams: The coal deposits in Northeast India are narrow and shallow, making large-scale mechanized mining economically unviable and favoring primitive rat-hole techniques. Challenging Terrain: The hilly and rugged topography of the region restricts the use of modern mining machinery, leading to reliance on manual methods like rat-hole mining. High Demand and Local Economy: Rat-hole mining provides quick profits and employment for local communities, driven by demand from nearby industries like cement and thermal power plants.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements about rat-hole mining:

• It is primarily conducted in the Western Ghats region of India.

• Modern machinery is used extensively to improve efficiency.

• It is considered a sustainable method of coal extraction.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: d)

Rat-hole mining is prevalent in Northeast India, not the Western Ghats. It is a manual, unmechanized process and is highly unsustainable due to its environmental and safety issues.

About Rat-hole Mining:

• What it is: Rat-hole mining involves digging narrow tunnels, barely large enough for workers to crawl in, to extract coal seams. It is of two types: Side-cutting mining on hill slopes to follow visible coal seams. Box-cutting mining where deep pits are dug, and horizontal tunnels are made.

• Side-cutting mining on hill slopes to follow visible coal seams.

• Box-cutting mining where deep pits are dug, and horizontal tunnels are made.

• Why it persists in India: Economic Incentives: Workers earn significantly more compared to farm or construction work. Local Control: In Sixth Schedule areas like Meghalaya, landowners also own the minerals, making regulation challenging. Lack of Modern Techniques: High costs and terrain complexities discourage mechanized mining. Poor Governance: Weak enforcement and alleged official complicity allow illegal mining to flourish.

• Economic Incentives: Workers earn significantly more compared to farm or construction work.

• Local Control: In Sixth Schedule areas like Meghalaya, landowners also own the minerals, making regulation challenging.

• Lack of Modern Techniques: High costs and terrain complexities discourage mechanized mining.

• Poor Governance: Weak enforcement and alleged official complicity allow illegal mining to flourish.

• NGT Ban: Imposed in 2014 to prevent environmental degradation and protect lives.

• Why Northeast India has more rat-hole coal mines:

• Sixth Schedule Land Rights: In states like Meghalaya, tribal communities own land and minerals, making it difficult for government regulations to enforce mining standards effectively.

• Thin Coal Seams: The coal deposits in Northeast India are narrow and shallow, making large-scale mechanized mining economically unviable and favoring primitive rat-hole techniques.

• Challenging Terrain: The hilly and rugged topography of the region restricts the use of modern mining machinery, leading to reliance on manual methods like rat-hole mining.

• High Demand and Local Economy: Rat-hole mining provides quick profits and employment for local communities, driven by demand from nearby industries like cement and thermal power plants.

Solution: d)

Rat-hole mining is prevalent in Northeast India, not the Western Ghats. It is a manual, unmechanized process and is highly unsustainable due to its environmental and safety issues.

About Rat-hole Mining:

• What it is: Rat-hole mining involves digging narrow tunnels, barely large enough for workers to crawl in, to extract coal seams. It is of two types: Side-cutting mining on hill slopes to follow visible coal seams. Box-cutting mining where deep pits are dug, and horizontal tunnels are made.

• Side-cutting mining on hill slopes to follow visible coal seams.

• Box-cutting mining where deep pits are dug, and horizontal tunnels are made.

• Why it persists in India: Economic Incentives: Workers earn significantly more compared to farm or construction work. Local Control: In Sixth Schedule areas like Meghalaya, landowners also own the minerals, making regulation challenging. Lack of Modern Techniques: High costs and terrain complexities discourage mechanized mining. Poor Governance: Weak enforcement and alleged official complicity allow illegal mining to flourish.

• Economic Incentives: Workers earn significantly more compared to farm or construction work.

• Local Control: In Sixth Schedule areas like Meghalaya, landowners also own the minerals, making regulation challenging.

• Lack of Modern Techniques: High costs and terrain complexities discourage mechanized mining.

• Poor Governance: Weak enforcement and alleged official complicity allow illegal mining to flourish.

• NGT Ban: Imposed in 2014 to prevent environmental degradation and protect lives.

• Why Northeast India has more rat-hole coal mines:

• Sixth Schedule Land Rights: In states like Meghalaya, tribal communities own land and minerals, making it difficult for government regulations to enforce mining standards effectively.

• Thin Coal Seams: The coal deposits in Northeast India are narrow and shallow, making large-scale mechanized mining economically unviable and favoring primitive rat-hole techniques.

• Challenging Terrain: The hilly and rugged topography of the region restricts the use of modern mining machinery, leading to reliance on manual methods like rat-hole mining.

• High Demand and Local Economy: Rat-hole mining provides quick profits and employment for local communities, driven by demand from nearby industries like cement and thermal power plants.

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Which of the following accurately describes the Nag Mk-2 missile? a) A laser-guided missile with underwater strike capabilities b) A fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile with advanced imaging systems c) A cruise missile designed for air-to-ground operations d) A ballistic missile with a hypersonic propulsion system Correct Solution: b) The Nag Mk-2 is a third-generation fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile designed to neutralize armored threats. It is equipped with advanced imaging infrared (IIR) seekers for accuracy. It is not a laser-guided, cruise, or ballistic missile. About Nag Mk-2 Anti-Tank Guided Missile: What it is: Nag Mk-2 is a third-generation, indigenously developed fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile designed to neutralize modern armoured threats. Developed by: The missile was developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) under India’s Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP). Key Features: Fire-and-Forget Technology: Operators can lock onto targets before launch, ensuring precision strikes in complex battlefield conditions. Versatility: Capable of defeating modern armoured threats, including those equipped with Explosive Reactive Armour (ERA). Effective Range: Validated performance for both maximum and minimum range during trials. Platform Integration: Designed for multiple platforms, including the Nag Missile Carrier (NAMICA) for greater operational flexibility. Advanced Guidance Systems: Equipped with advanced imaging infrared (IIR) seekers for improved accuracy in day and night conditions. Incorrect Solution: b) The Nag Mk-2 is a third-generation fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile designed to neutralize armored threats. It is equipped with advanced imaging infrared (IIR) seekers for accuracy. It is not a laser-guided, cruise, or ballistic missile. About Nag Mk-2 Anti-Tank Guided Missile: What it is: Nag Mk-2 is a third-generation, indigenously developed fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile designed to neutralize modern armoured threats. Developed by: The missile was developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) under India’s Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP). Key Features: Fire-and-Forget Technology: Operators can lock onto targets before launch, ensuring precision strikes in complex battlefield conditions. Versatility: Capable of defeating modern armoured threats, including those equipped with Explosive Reactive Armour (ERA). Effective Range: Validated performance for both maximum and minimum range during trials. Platform Integration: Designed for multiple platforms, including the Nag Missile Carrier (NAMICA) for greater operational flexibility. Advanced Guidance Systems: Equipped with advanced imaging infrared (IIR) seekers for improved accuracy in day and night conditions.

#### 9. Question

Which of the following accurately describes the Nag Mk-2 missile?

• a) A laser-guided missile with underwater strike capabilities

• b) A fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile with advanced imaging systems

• c) A cruise missile designed for air-to-ground operations

• d) A ballistic missile with a hypersonic propulsion system

Solution: b)

The Nag Mk-2 is a third-generation fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile designed to neutralize armored threats. It is equipped with advanced imaging infrared (IIR) seekers for accuracy. It is not a laser-guided, cruise, or ballistic missile.

About Nag Mk-2 Anti-Tank Guided Missile:

• What it is: Nag Mk-2 is a third-generation, indigenously developed fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile designed to neutralize modern armoured threats.

• Developed by: The missile was developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) under India’s Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP).

Key Features:

• Fire-and-Forget Technology: Operators can lock onto targets before launch, ensuring precision strikes in complex battlefield conditions.

• Versatility: Capable of defeating modern armoured threats, including those equipped with Explosive Reactive Armour (ERA).

• Effective Range: Validated performance for both maximum and minimum range during trials.

• Platform Integration: Designed for multiple platforms, including the Nag Missile Carrier (NAMICA) for greater operational flexibility.

• Advanced Guidance Systems: Equipped with advanced imaging infrared (IIR) seekers for improved accuracy in day and night conditions.

Solution: b)

The Nag Mk-2 is a third-generation fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile designed to neutralize armored threats. It is equipped with advanced imaging infrared (IIR) seekers for accuracy. It is not a laser-guided, cruise, or ballistic missile.

About Nag Mk-2 Anti-Tank Guided Missile:

• What it is: Nag Mk-2 is a third-generation, indigenously developed fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile designed to neutralize modern armoured threats.

• Developed by: The missile was developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) under India’s Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP).

Key Features:

• Fire-and-Forget Technology: Operators can lock onto targets before launch, ensuring precision strikes in complex battlefield conditions.

• Versatility: Capable of defeating modern armoured threats, including those equipped with Explosive Reactive Armour (ERA).

• Effective Range: Validated performance for both maximum and minimum range during trials.

• Platform Integration: Designed for multiple platforms, including the Nag Missile Carrier (NAMICA) for greater operational flexibility.

• Advanced Guidance Systems: Equipped with advanced imaging infrared (IIR) seekers for improved accuracy in day and night conditions.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about Mission Mausam: It focuses on reviving ancient maritime networks in the Indian Ocean region. It is led by the Ministry of Tourism to promote cultural exchange. It includes provisions for a dedicated disaster response unit under the Ministry of Earth Sciences. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: d) Mission Mausam is a weather and climate monitoring initiative led by the Ministry of Earth Sciences and the IMD, not focused on maritime networks, tourism, or a dedicated disaster response unit. Incorrect Solution: d) Mission Mausam is a weather and climate monitoring initiative led by the Ministry of Earth Sciences and the IMD, not focused on maritime networks, tourism, or a dedicated disaster response unit.

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements about Mission Mausam:

• It focuses on reviving ancient maritime networks in the Indian Ocean region.

• It is led by the Ministry of Tourism to promote cultural exchange.

• It includes provisions for a dedicated disaster response unit under the Ministry of Earth Sciences.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: d)

Mission Mausam is a weather and climate monitoring initiative led by the Ministry of Earth Sciences and the IMD, not focused on maritime networks, tourism, or a dedicated disaster response unit.

Solution: d)

Mission Mausam is a weather and climate monitoring initiative led by the Ministry of Earth Sciences and the IMD, not focused on maritime networks, tourism, or a dedicated disaster response unit.

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