UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 12 September 2025

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV): SSLV is a four-stage launch vehicle where all stages are powered by solid propulsion. It has the capacity to launch satellites up to 500 kg into a 500 km Low Earth Orbit. The recent technology transfer agreement empowers Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) to independently manufacture the entire SSLV system. The development of SSLV is primarily aimed at capturing the global market for launching constellations of large satellites. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect. The SSLV is a three-stage launch vehicle with all three stages using solid propulsion. However, it also has a terminal stage called the Velocity Trimming Module (VTM), which is a liquid-based propulsion system used for precise injection of satellites into their orbits. Statement 2 is correct. The SSLV is specifically designed with a payload capacity of up to 500 kg to a 500 km Low Earth Orbit (LEO), catering to the small satellite segment. Statement 3 is correct. The technology transfer agreement between ISRO and HAL is a significant step towards Atmanirbharta (self-reliance) in the space sector, enabling a public sector undertaking like HAL to manufacture the launch vehicle independently, thereby boosting industrial capacity. Statement 4 is incorrect. The SSLV is designed explicitly for the small satellite market (nanosatellites, microsatellites, etc.), not for large satellites. Its key value proposition is providing low-cost and quick launches for this specific market segment. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect. The SSLV is a three-stage launch vehicle with all three stages using solid propulsion. However, it also has a terminal stage called the Velocity Trimming Module (VTM), which is a liquid-based propulsion system used for precise injection of satellites into their orbits. Statement 2 is correct. The SSLV is specifically designed with a payload capacity of up to 500 kg to a 500 km Low Earth Orbit (LEO), catering to the small satellite segment. Statement 3 is correct. The technology transfer agreement between ISRO and HAL is a significant step towards Atmanirbharta (self-reliance) in the space sector, enabling a public sector undertaking like HAL to manufacture the launch vehicle independently, thereby boosting industrial capacity. Statement 4 is incorrect. The SSLV is designed explicitly for the small satellite market (nanosatellites, microsatellites, etc.), not for large satellites. Its key value proposition is providing low-cost and quick launches for this specific market segment.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV):

• SSLV is a four-stage launch vehicle where all stages are powered by solid propulsion.

• It has the capacity to launch satellites up to 500 kg into a 500 km Low Earth Orbit.

• The recent technology transfer agreement empowers Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) to independently manufacture the entire SSLV system.

• The development of SSLV is primarily aimed at capturing the global market for launching constellations of large satellites.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The SSLV is a three-stage launch vehicle with all three stages using solid propulsion. However, it also has a terminal stage called the Velocity Trimming Module (VTM), which is a liquid-based propulsion system used for precise injection of satellites into their orbits.

• Statement 2 is correct. The SSLV is specifically designed with a payload capacity of up to 500 kg to a 500 km Low Earth Orbit (LEO), catering to the small satellite segment.

• Statement 3 is correct. The technology transfer agreement between ISRO and HAL is a significant step towards Atmanirbharta (self-reliance) in the space sector, enabling a public sector undertaking like HAL to manufacture the launch vehicle independently, thereby boosting industrial capacity.

Statement 4 is incorrect. The SSLV is designed explicitly for the small satellite market (nanosatellites, microsatellites, etc.), not for large satellites. Its key value proposition is providing low-cost and quick launches for this specific market segment.

Solution: B

• Statement 2 is correct. The SSLV is specifically designed with a payload capacity of up to 500 kg to a 500 km Low Earth Orbit (LEO), catering to the small satellite segment.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the newly discovered species of Aspergillus: Aspergillus dhakephalkarii, found in the Western Ghats, is characterized by its rough, spiny spores. Both newly discovered species, Aspergillus dhakephalkarii and Aspergillus patriciawiltshireae, are known for their slow growth and modest spore production. Fungi belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri are considered significant in biotechnology, particularly for their role in citric acid production. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect. Aspergillus dhakephalkarii has smooth, oval-shaped spores. It is Aspergillus patriciawiltshireae that is noted for its spiny spores. Statement 2 is incorrect. Both species exhibit rapid growth (“grows rapidly” and “fast-growing”). Statement 3 is correct. The group Aspergillus section Nigri is famously referred to as the “workhorses of biotechnology.” This is due to their extensive use in industrial processes, most notably for the commercial production of citric acid, as well as other enzymes and applications in the food industry. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect. Aspergillus dhakephalkarii has smooth, oval-shaped spores. It is Aspergillus patriciawiltshireae that is noted for its spiny spores. Statement 2 is incorrect. Both species exhibit rapid growth (“grows rapidly” and “fast-growing”). Statement 3 is correct. The group Aspergillus section Nigri is famously referred to as the “workhorses of biotechnology.” This is due to their extensive use in industrial processes, most notably for the commercial production of citric acid, as well as other enzymes and applications in the food industry.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the newly discovered species of Aspergillus:

• Aspergillus dhakephalkarii, found in the Western Ghats, is characterized by its rough, spiny spores.

• Both newly discovered species, Aspergillus dhakephalkarii and Aspergillus patriciawiltshireae, are known for their slow growth and modest spore production.

• Fungi belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri are considered significant in biotechnology, particularly for their role in citric acid production.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is incorrect. Aspergillus dhakephalkarii has smooth, oval-shaped spores. It is Aspergillus patriciawiltshireae that is noted for its spiny spores.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. Both species exhibit rapid growth (“grows rapidly” and “fast-growing”).

Statement 3 is correct. The group Aspergillus section Nigri is famously referred to as the “workhorses of biotechnology.” This is due to their extensive use in industrial processes, most notably for the commercial production of citric acid, as well as other enzymes and applications in the food industry.

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is incorrect. Aspergillus dhakephalkarii has smooth, oval-shaped spores. It is Aspergillus patriciawiltshireae that is noted for its spiny spores.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. Both species exhibit rapid growth (“grows rapidly” and “fast-growing”).

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Decentralised Finance (DeFi): Statement-I: Decentralised Finance (DeFi) systems pose significant challenges to global efforts against money laundering and terror financing. Statement-II: The architecture of DeFi platforms often allows for pseudonymous transactions without mandatory Know Your Customer (KYC) procedures. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: A Statement-I is correct. Global regulatory bodies and security agencies have raised serious concerns about the misuse of DeFi for illicit activities. The lack of central oversight makes it an attractive channel for money laundering and terror financing, undermining traditional financial regulations. Statement-II is correct. A core feature of DeFi is its permissionless and disintermediated nature. Users can interact with DeFi protocols using only a crypto wallet, without needing to provide personal identification or undergo KYC checks that are mandatory in conventional banking. This creates a veil of pseudonymity. Statement-II provides the direct reason for Statement-I. Incorrect Solution: A Statement-I is correct. Global regulatory bodies and security agencies have raised serious concerns about the misuse of DeFi for illicit activities. The lack of central oversight makes it an attractive channel for money laundering and terror financing, undermining traditional financial regulations. Statement-II is correct. A core feature of DeFi is its permissionless and disintermediated nature. Users can interact with DeFi protocols using only a crypto wallet, without needing to provide personal identification or undergo KYC checks that are mandatory in conventional banking. This creates a veil of pseudonymity. Statement-II provides the direct reason for Statement-I.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Decentralised Finance (DeFi):

Statement-I: Decentralised Finance (DeFi) systems pose significant challenges to global efforts against money laundering and terror financing.

Statement-II: The architecture of DeFi platforms often allows for pseudonymous transactions without mandatory Know Your Customer (KYC) procedures.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: A

• Statement-I is correct. Global regulatory bodies and security agencies have raised serious concerns about the misuse of DeFi for illicit activities. The lack of central oversight makes it an attractive channel for money laundering and terror financing, undermining traditional financial regulations.

• Statement-II is correct. A core feature of DeFi is its permissionless and disintermediated nature. Users can interact with DeFi protocols using only a crypto wallet, without needing to provide personal identification or undergo KYC checks that are mandatory in conventional banking. This creates a veil of pseudonymity.

Statement-II provides the direct reason for Statement-I.

Solution: A

Statement-II provides the direct reason for Statement-I.

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points With reference to the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), consider the following statements: The Atal Innovation Mission is a flagship initiative implemented directly by the Ministry of Education to foster innovation in higher educational institutions. Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs) are established in schools to provide a platform for students from Class 6 to 12 to experiment with modern technologies. The establishment of an Atal Innovation Centre in Abu Dhabi marks the first instance of AIM expanding its physical infrastructure to support innovation beyond India’s borders. How many of the above statements are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect. The Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) is a flagship initiative of the Government of India, but it is implemented by the NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India), not the Ministry of Education. Its scope also extends beyond just higher education to include schools and industries. Statement 2 is correct. Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs) are a key component of AIM, specifically designed for the school level. They are workspaces created in schools for students from Class 6 to 12 to acquire practical skills and develop ideas in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, using tools like 3D printers, robotics kits, etc. Statement 3 is correct. The inauguration of the Atal Innovation Centre at the IIT Delhi–Abu Dhabi campus is India’s first overseas Atal Innovation Centre. This signifies a major step in globalizing India’s innovation ecosystem and fostering international collaboration. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect. The Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) is a flagship initiative of the Government of India, but it is implemented by the NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India), not the Ministry of Education. Its scope also extends beyond just higher education to include schools and industries. Statement 2 is correct. Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs) are a key component of AIM, specifically designed for the school level. They are workspaces created in schools for students from Class 6 to 12 to acquire practical skills and develop ideas in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, using tools like 3D printers, robotics kits, etc. Statement 3 is correct. The inauguration of the Atal Innovation Centre at the IIT Delhi–Abu Dhabi campus is India’s first overseas Atal Innovation Centre. This signifies a major step in globalizing India’s innovation ecosystem and fostering international collaboration.

#### 4. Question

With reference to the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), consider the following statements:

• The Atal Innovation Mission is a flagship initiative implemented directly by the Ministry of Education to foster innovation in higher educational institutions.

• Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs) are established in schools to provide a platform for students from Class 6 to 12 to experiment with modern technologies.

• The establishment of an Atal Innovation Centre in Abu Dhabi marks the first instance of AIM expanding its physical infrastructure to support innovation beyond India’s borders.

How many of the above statements are incorrect?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) is a flagship initiative of the Government of India, but it is implemented by the NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India), not the Ministry of Education. Its scope also extends beyond just higher education to include schools and industries.

• Statement 2 is correct. Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs) are a key component of AIM, specifically designed for the school level. They are workspaces created in schools for students from Class 6 to 12 to acquire practical skills and develop ideas in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, using tools like 3D printers, robotics kits, etc.

Statement 3 is correct. The inauguration of the Atal Innovation Centre at the IIT Delhi–Abu Dhabi campus is India’s first overseas Atal Innovation Centre. This signifies a major step in globalizing India’s innovation ecosystem and fostering international collaboration.

Solution: A

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Which of the following best describes the primary objective of introducing geotagging of buildings in the Census of India? (a) To create a new revenue model for the government by licensing geospatial data to private corporations. (b) To replace the need for human enumerators with automated data collection through satellite imagery. (c) To enhance the accuracy of enumeration by creating a precise digital frame and improve the logistical management of the census process. (d) To monitor the structural integrity and disaster vulnerability of buildings across the country. Correct Solution: C The core aim of geotagging is to improve the fundamental operations of the census. By assigning latitude-longitude coordinates to each structure, it creates a definitive and verifiable digital map. This digital framework serves two main purposes. Firstly, it ensures accuracy by minimizing the chances of omission (missing a house) or duplication (counting a house twice), which were risks with hand-drawn maps. Secondly, it greatly improves logistical efficiency. Supervisors can precisely define the boundaries of a Houselisting Block (HLB) and distribute the workload more equitably among the enumerators. This replaces the old, often ambiguous, manual sketch maps. Incorrect Solution: C The core aim of geotagging is to improve the fundamental operations of the census. By assigning latitude-longitude coordinates to each structure, it creates a definitive and verifiable digital map. This digital framework serves two main purposes. Firstly, it ensures accuracy by minimizing the chances of omission (missing a house) or duplication (counting a house twice), which were risks with hand-drawn maps. Secondly, it greatly improves logistical efficiency. Supervisors can precisely define the boundaries of a Houselisting Block (HLB) and distribute the workload more equitably among the enumerators. This replaces the old, often ambiguous, manual sketch maps.

#### 5. Question

Which of the following best describes the primary objective of introducing geotagging of buildings in the Census of India?

• (a) To create a new revenue model for the government by licensing geospatial data to private corporations.

• (b) To replace the need for human enumerators with automated data collection through satellite imagery.

• (c) To enhance the accuracy of enumeration by creating a precise digital frame and improve the logistical management of the census process.

• (d) To monitor the structural integrity and disaster vulnerability of buildings across the country.

Solution: C

• The core aim of geotagging is to improve the fundamental operations of the census. By assigning latitude-longitude coordinates to each structure, it creates a definitive and verifiable digital map.

• This digital framework serves two main purposes. Firstly, it ensures accuracy by minimizing the chances of omission (missing a house) or duplication (counting a house twice), which were risks with hand-drawn maps.

Secondly, it greatly improves logistical efficiency. Supervisors can precisely define the boundaries of a Houselisting Block (HLB) and distribute the workload more equitably among the enumerators. This replaces the old, often ambiguous, manual sketch maps.

Solution: C

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Match List-I with List-II: List-I (Geographical Feature) List-II (Description / Significance) A. Scarborough Shoal 1. A strategic chokepoint connecting the South China Sea with the Andaman Sea. B. Spratly Islands 2. A disputed atoll located approximately 220 km west of Luzon, Philippines. C. Luzon Strait 3. A vital waterway connecting the South China Sea with the Philippine Sea. D. Malacca Strait 4. A large archipelago of disputed islands and reefs in the southern part of the South China Sea. Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists: (a) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 (b) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 (c) A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4 (d) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1 Correct Solution: D Scarborough Shoal is correctly matched with 2. It is a specific, disputed atoll whose location is about 220 km west of Luzon island of the Philippines. Spratly Islands is correctly matched with 4. It is not a single island but a vast collection of islands, islets, cays, and reefs in the southern part of the South China Sea, and is subject to claims by multiple nations. Luzon Strait is correctly matched with 3. It is the strait between Taiwan and the Luzon island of the Philippines, serving as a critical connection between the South China Sea and the Philippine Sea (part of the Pacific Ocean). D. Malacca Strait is correctly matched with 1. It is one of the world’s most important shipping lanes, connecting the Indian Ocean (via the Andaman Sea) to the Pacific Ocean (via the South China Sea). Incorrect Solution: D Scarborough Shoal is correctly matched with 2. It is a specific, disputed atoll whose location is about 220 km west of Luzon island of the Philippines. Spratly Islands is correctly matched with 4. It is not a single island but a vast collection of islands, islets, cays, and reefs in the southern part of the South China Sea, and is subject to claims by multiple nations. Luzon Strait is correctly matched with 3. It is the strait between Taiwan and the Luzon island of the Philippines, serving as a critical connection between the South China Sea and the Philippine Sea (part of the Pacific Ocean). D. Malacca Strait is correctly matched with 1. It is one of the world’s most important shipping lanes, connecting the Indian Ocean (via the Andaman Sea) to the Pacific Ocean (via the South China Sea).

#### 6. Question

Match List-I with List-II:

List-I (Geographical Feature) | List-II (Description / Significance)

A. Scarborough Shoal | 1. A strategic chokepoint connecting the South China Sea with the Andaman Sea.

B. Spratly Islands | 2. A disputed atoll located approximately 220 km west of Luzon, Philippines.

C. Luzon Strait | 3. A vital waterway connecting the South China Sea with the Philippine Sea.

D. Malacca Strait | 4. A large archipelago of disputed islands and reefs in the southern part of the South China Sea.

Select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:

• (a) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1

• (b) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

• (c) A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4

• (d) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1

Solution: D

• Scarborough Shoal is correctly matched with 2. It is a specific, disputed atoll whose location is about 220 km west of Luzon island of the Philippines.

• Spratly Islands is correctly matched with 4. It is not a single island but a vast collection of islands, islets, cays, and reefs in the southern part of the South China Sea, and is subject to claims by multiple nations.

• Luzon Strait is correctly matched with 3. It is the strait between Taiwan and the Luzon island of the Philippines, serving as a critical connection between the South China Sea and the Philippine Sea (part of the Pacific Ocean).

• D. Malacca Strait is correctly matched with 1. It is one of the world’s most important shipping lanes, connecting the Indian Ocean (via the Andaman Sea) to the Pacific Ocean (via the South China Sea).

Solution: D

• Scarborough Shoal is correctly matched with 2. It is a specific, disputed atoll whose location is about 220 km west of Luzon island of the Philippines.

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about Decentralised Finance (DeFi): DeFi services operate on a blockchain through self-executing smart contracts, eliminating the need for traditional financial intermediaries. The governance of many DeFi protocols is managed by centralised corporate entities to ensure regulatory compliance. Interoperability allows different DeFi applications to work together, often within a single blockchain ecosystem like Ethereum. Stablecoins are a financial product utilized within the DeFi ecosystem to mitigate the price volatility associated with other cryptocurrencies. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: C Statement 1 is correct. This describes the fundamental principle of DeFi: disintermediation. Financial logic is encoded into smart contracts that execute automatically on a blockchain, removing the need for banks, brokers, or other traditional middlemen. Statement 2 is incorrect. Governance is typically handled by Decentralised Autonomous Organisations (DAOs), where holders of the protocol’s governance tokens vote on proposals. It is explicitly not managed by centralised corporate entities. Statement 3 is correct. Interoperability, often referred to as “money legos,” is a key feature. It means that different DeFi protocols can be combined and can interact with each other seamlessly, allowing for the creation of complex financial products. This is particularly prominent on blockchains like Ethereum. Statement 4 is correct. Stablecoins (cryptocurrencies pegged to a stable asset like the US dollar) are crucial for DeFi. They provide a stable medium of exchange and store of value, which is essential for services like lending, borrowing, and payments, thereby avoiding the extreme volatility of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin or Ether. Incorrect Solution: C Statement 1 is correct. This describes the fundamental principle of DeFi: disintermediation. Financial logic is encoded into smart contracts that execute automatically on a blockchain, removing the need for banks, brokers, or other traditional middlemen. Statement 2 is incorrect. Governance is typically handled by Decentralised Autonomous Organisations (DAOs), where holders of the protocol’s governance tokens vote on proposals. It is explicitly not managed by centralised corporate entities. Statement 3 is correct. Interoperability, often referred to as “money legos,” is a key feature. It means that different DeFi protocols can be combined and can interact with each other seamlessly, allowing for the creation of complex financial products. This is particularly prominent on blockchains like Ethereum. Statement 4 is correct. Stablecoins (cryptocurrencies pegged to a stable asset like the US dollar) are crucial for DeFi. They provide a stable medium of exchange and store of value, which is essential for services like lending, borrowing, and payments, thereby avoiding the extreme volatility of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin or Ether.

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements about Decentralised Finance (DeFi):

• DeFi services operate on a blockchain through self-executing smart contracts, eliminating the need for traditional financial intermediaries.

• The governance of many DeFi protocols is managed by centralised corporate entities to ensure regulatory compliance.

• Interoperability allows different DeFi applications to work together, often within a single blockchain ecosystem like Ethereum.

• Stablecoins are a financial product utilized within the DeFi ecosystem to mitigate the price volatility associated with other cryptocurrencies.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: C

• Statement 1 is correct. This describes the fundamental principle of DeFi: disintermediation. Financial logic is encoded into smart contracts that execute automatically on a blockchain, removing the need for banks, brokers, or other traditional middlemen.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. Governance is typically handled by Decentralised Autonomous Organisations (DAOs), where holders of the protocol’s governance tokens vote on proposals. It is explicitly not managed by centralised corporate entities.

• Statement 3 is correct. Interoperability, often referred to as “money legos,” is a key feature. It means that different DeFi protocols can be combined and can interact with each other seamlessly, allowing for the creation of complex financial products. This is particularly prominent on blockchains like Ethereum.

• Statement 4 is correct. Stablecoins (cryptocurrencies pegged to a stable asset like the US dollar) are crucial for DeFi. They provide a stable medium of exchange and store of value, which is essential for services like lending, borrowing, and payments, thereby avoiding the extreme volatility of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin or Ether.

Solution: C

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points With reference to the geotagging of buildings for the Census of India, consider the following statements: This process involves assigning precise latitude-longitude coordinates to every structure, mapped onto a Geographic Information System (GIS). The Houselisting Operations will utilize government-provided specialised tablets for each enumerator to ensure data uniformity, similar to the Socio-Economic and Caste Census (SECC) 2011. The digital layout maps created through geotagging are intended to replace the hand-drawn sketch maps used in previous census exercises. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is correct. Each building is given a unique spatial identity using latitude-longitude coordinates, which are then plotted on a GIS platform to create a comprehensive digital map. Statement 2 is incorrect. A significant operational detail for the upcoming census is the shift in device policy. Unlike the SECC 2011, where enumerators were provided with tablets by the government, the plan for the new census is for enumerators to use their own smartphones with a dedicated mobile application. This is a key difference from the past. Statement 3 is correct. The introduction of Digital Layout Mapping (DLM) through geotagging is a major modernization step. These precise digital maps will replace the traditional, often inaccurate and inconsistent, hand-drawn sketch maps that enumerators used in all previous censuses to define their area of work. Therefore, two statements (1 and 3) are correct. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is correct. Each building is given a unique spatial identity using latitude-longitude coordinates, which are then plotted on a GIS platform to create a comprehensive digital map. Statement 2 is incorrect. A significant operational detail for the upcoming census is the shift in device policy. Unlike the SECC 2011, where enumerators were provided with tablets by the government, the plan for the new census is for enumerators to use their own smartphones with a dedicated mobile application. This is a key difference from the past. Statement 3 is correct. The introduction of Digital Layout Mapping (DLM) through geotagging is a major modernization step. These precise digital maps will replace the traditional, often inaccurate and inconsistent, hand-drawn sketch maps that enumerators used in all previous censuses to define their area of work. Therefore, two statements (1 and 3) are correct.

#### 8. Question

With reference to the geotagging of buildings for the Census of India, consider the following statements:

• This process involves assigning precise latitude-longitude coordinates to every structure, mapped onto a Geographic Information System (GIS).

• The Houselisting Operations will utilize government-provided specialised tablets for each enumerator to ensure data uniformity, similar to the Socio-Economic and Caste Census (SECC) 2011.

• The digital layout maps created through geotagging are intended to replace the hand-drawn sketch maps used in previous census exercises.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is correct. Each building is given a unique spatial identity using latitude-longitude coordinates, which are then plotted on a GIS platform to create a comprehensive digital map.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. A significant operational detail for the upcoming census is the shift in device policy. Unlike the SECC 2011, where enumerators were provided with tablets by the government, the plan for the new census is for enumerators to use their own smartphones with a dedicated mobile application. This is a key difference from the past.

Statement 3 is correct. The introduction of Digital Layout Mapping (DLM) through geotagging is a major modernization step. These precise digital maps will replace the traditional, often inaccurate and inconsistent, hand-drawn sketch maps that enumerators used in all previous censuses to define their area of work. Therefore, two statements (1 and 3) are correct.

Solution: B

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points With reference to the dispute over Huangyan Island (Scarborough Shoal) and the 2016 ruling by the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), which of the following statements is the most accurate interpretation of the tribunal’s findings? (a) The tribunal awarded sovereign rights of the shoal to the Philippines, citing historical evidence from the 1734 Velarde Map. (b) The tribunal established a joint administration mechanism for China and the Philippines to manage the fisheries resources around the shoal. (c) The tribunal declared that China's "nine-dash line" claim to historic rights over maritime areas in the South China Sea has no legal basis under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). (d) None of the above statements are correct Correct Solution: C The most significant and widely cited outcome of the ruling was its decision on the legality of China’s overarching claims in the South China Sea. Option (c) is the most accurate statement. The tribunal concluded that there was no legal basis for China to claim historic rights to resources within the sea areas falling within the “nine-dash line” and that such claims were incompatible with the exclusive economic zones provided for in UNCLOS. Option (a) is incorrect. The tribunal explicitly stated it would not rule on territorial sovereignty. Option (b) is incorrect. The PCA is an arbitral tribunal; it does not have the authority to create or enforce administrative mechanisms. Incorrect Solution: C The most significant and widely cited outcome of the ruling was its decision on the legality of China’s overarching claims in the South China Sea. Option (c) is the most accurate statement. The tribunal concluded that there was no legal basis for China to claim historic rights to resources within the sea areas falling within the “nine-dash line” and that such claims were incompatible with the exclusive economic zones provided for in UNCLOS. Option (a) is incorrect. The tribunal explicitly stated it would not rule on territorial sovereignty. Option (b) is incorrect. The PCA is an arbitral tribunal; it does not have the authority to create or enforce administrative mechanisms.

#### 9. Question

With reference to the dispute over Huangyan Island (Scarborough Shoal) and the 2016 ruling by the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), which of the following statements is the most accurate interpretation of the tribunal’s findings?

• (a) The tribunal awarded sovereign rights of the shoal to the Philippines, citing historical evidence from the 1734 Velarde Map.

• (b) The tribunal established a joint administration mechanism for China and the Philippines to manage the fisheries resources around the shoal.

• (c) The tribunal declared that China's "nine-dash line" claim to historic rights over maritime areas in the South China Sea has no legal basis under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).

• (d) None of the above statements are correct

Solution: C

• The most significant and widely cited outcome of the ruling was its decision on the legality of China’s overarching claims in the South China Sea.

• Option (c) is the most accurate statement. The tribunal concluded that there was no legal basis for China to claim historic rights to resources within the sea areas falling within the “nine-dash line” and that such claims were incompatible with the exclusive economic zones provided for in UNCLOS.

• Option (a) is incorrect. The tribunal explicitly stated it would not rule on territorial sovereignty.

Option (b) is incorrect. The PCA is an arbitral tribunal; it does not have the authority to create or enforce administrative mechanisms.

Solution: C

• The most significant and widely cited outcome of the ruling was its decision on the legality of China’s overarching claims in the South China Sea.

• Option (a) is incorrect. The tribunal explicitly stated it would not rule on territorial sovereignty.

Option (b) is incorrect. The PCA is an arbitral tribunal; it does not have the authority to create or enforce administrative mechanisms.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the BHARATI initiative: The initiative is a collaborative effort of APEDA, the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, and the NITI Aayog. The BHARATI initiative focuses exclusively on promoting the export of fresh fruits and vegetables. One of the key features of the initiative is a 3-month acceleration programme for selected startups, providing training on export readiness and market access. How many of the above statements are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect. The BHARATI initiative is led by APEDA, which is an arm of the Ministry of Commerce & Industry. It is supported by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries and is aligned with the Startup India and Atmanirbhar Bharat missions. Statement 2 is also incorrect. The initiative has a broad focus and is not limited to fresh fruits and vegetables. It aims to promote innovation in high-value products such as GI products, organic foods, superfoods, livestock products, and AYUSH products. This diverse focus is intended to tap into various segments of the global agri-food market. Statement 3 is correct. A key component of the BHARATI initiative is a 3-month acceleration programme designed to equip the selected 100 startups with the necessary skills and knowledge for international trade. The training covers crucial aspects like product development, export readiness, regulatory compliance, and market access strategies. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect. The BHARATI initiative is led by APEDA, which is an arm of the Ministry of Commerce & Industry. It is supported by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries and is aligned with the Startup India and Atmanirbhar Bharat missions. Statement 2 is also incorrect. The initiative has a broad focus and is not limited to fresh fruits and vegetables. It aims to promote innovation in high-value products such as GI products, organic foods, superfoods, livestock products, and AYUSH products. This diverse focus is intended to tap into various segments of the global agri-food market. Statement 3 is correct. A key component of the BHARATI initiative is a 3-month acceleration programme designed to equip the selected 100 startups with the necessary skills and knowledge for international trade. The training covers crucial aspects like product development, export readiness, regulatory compliance, and market access strategies.

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the BHARATI initiative:

• The initiative is a collaborative effort of APEDA, the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, and the NITI Aayog.

• The BHARATI initiative focuses exclusively on promoting the export of fresh fruits and vegetables.

• One of the key features of the initiative is a 3-month acceleration programme for selected startups, providing training on export readiness and market access.

How many of the above statements are incorrect?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The BHARATI initiative is led by APEDA, which is an arm of the Ministry of Commerce & Industry. It is supported by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries and is aligned with the Startup India and Atmanirbhar Bharat missions.

• Statement 2 is also incorrect. The initiative has a broad focus and is not limited to fresh fruits and vegetables. It aims to promote innovation in high-value products such as GI products, organic foods, superfoods, livestock products, and AYUSH products. This diverse focus is intended to tap into various segments of the global agri-food market.

Statement 3 is correct. A key component of the BHARATI initiative is a 3-month acceleration programme designed to equip the selected 100 startups with the necessary skills and knowledge for international trade. The training covers crucial aspects like product development, export readiness, regulatory compliance, and market access strategies.

Solution: B

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