UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 12 October 2024

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Where is the National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC) being constructed? a) Kochi b) Mumbai c) Lothal d) Chennai Correct Solution: c) The complex is being constructed in Lothal, an ancient maritime center, to showcase India’s maritime history and legacy. Its location near the historic site connects the project to India’s long maritime tradition and the importance of Lothal as a trade and shipping hub in antiquity. Incorrect Solution: c) The complex is being constructed in Lothal, an ancient maritime center, to showcase India’s maritime history and legacy. Its location near the historic site connects the project to India’s long maritime tradition and the importance of Lothal as a trade and shipping hub in antiquity.

#### 1. Question

Where is the National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC) being constructed?

• d) Chennai

Solution: c)

The complex is being constructed in Lothal, an ancient maritime center, to showcase India’s maritime history and legacy. Its location near the historic site connects the project to India’s long maritime tradition and the importance of Lothal as a trade and shipping hub in antiquity.

Solution: c)

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points What is the most common method used to extract shale gas? a) Vertical drilling b) Open-pit mining c) Steam injection d) Hydraulic fracturing Correct Solution: d) Explanation: Hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as fracking, is the most common method used to extract shale gas. This process involves injecting a mixture of water, sand, and chemicals at high pressure to break open the low-permeable rocks that trap shale gas. Incorrect Solution: d) Explanation: Hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as fracking, is the most common method used to extract shale gas. This process involves injecting a mixture of water, sand, and chemicals at high pressure to break open the low-permeable rocks that trap shale gas.

#### 2. Question

What is the most common method used to extract shale gas?

• a) Vertical drilling

• b) Open-pit mining

• c) Steam injection

• d) Hydraulic fracturing

Solution: d)

Explanation: Hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as fracking, is the most common method used to extract shale gas. This process involves injecting a mixture of water, sand, and chemicals at high pressure to break open the low-permeable rocks that trap shale gas.

Solution: d)

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the ecological changes on the Antarctic Peninsula: The extent of plant cover has increased due to rising temperatures. Invasive species may thrive, potentially threatening native flora and fauna. The increase in plant life will decrease the albedo effect, reducing the temperature rise. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Rising temperatures have increased plant cover on the Antarctic Peninsula, and this change may create conditions conducive to invasive species, threatening native flora and fauna. However, statement 3 is incorrect because the reduction in albedo (reflectivity) due to increased plant cover will likely lead to higher temperature rises, not lower ones. Incorrect Solution: a) Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Rising temperatures have increased plant cover on the Antarctic Peninsula, and this change may create conditions conducive to invasive species, threatening native flora and fauna. However, statement 3 is incorrect because the reduction in albedo (reflectivity) due to increased plant cover will likely lead to higher temperature rises, not lower ones.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the ecological changes on the Antarctic Peninsula:

• The extent of plant cover has increased due to rising temperatures.

• Invasive species may thrive, potentially threatening native flora and fauna.

• The increase in plant life will decrease the albedo effect, reducing the temperature rise.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Rising temperatures have increased plant cover on the Antarctic Peninsula, and this change may create conditions conducive to invasive species, threatening native flora and fauna.

However, statement 3 is incorrect because the reduction in albedo (reflectivity) due to increased plant cover will likely lead to higher temperature rises, not lower ones.

Solution: a)

However, statement 3 is incorrect because the reduction in albedo (reflectivity) due to increased plant cover will likely lead to higher temperature rises, not lower ones.

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points What is the primary role of Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1)? a) Synthesizing DNA during replication b) Facilitating protein synthesis in the cytoplasm c) Inducing cell death in healthy cells d) Repairing DNA damage induced by Topoisomerase 1 inhibitors Correct Solution: d) Recent research by scientists at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), Kolkata, has identified a new approach for cancer treatment by targeting a DNA repair enzyme called TDP1. About TDP1: Role: Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) is a DNA repair enzyme that plays a crucial role in fixing DNA damage induced by Topoisomerase 1 (Top1)inhibitors during cell division. Activation:TDP1 becomes particularly active during the mitotic phase, helping repair drug-induced DNA damage, allowing cancer cells to survive chemotherapy. Regulation:The enzyme’s activity is regulated by Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), which enhances TDP1’s ability to resolve DNA damage through phosphorylation. Significance: Enhanced cancer therapy:Using CDK1 inhibitors with Top1 inhibitors disrupts DNA repair and halts the cell cycle, hindering cancer cell survival. Drug resistance target:TDP1 and CDK1 are new targets for overcoming resistance to current cancer therapies. Precision medicine:Focuses on personalized treatments by targeting cancer cells dependent on these DNA repair proteins. Therapeutic potential:Combining CDK1 inhibitors with existing drugs may boost cancer cell elimination, improving treatment success. Incorrect Solution: d) Recent research by scientists at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), Kolkata, has identified a new approach for cancer treatment by targeting a DNA repair enzyme called TDP1. About TDP1: Role: Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) is a DNA repair enzyme that plays a crucial role in fixing DNA damage induced by Topoisomerase 1 (Top1)inhibitors during cell division. Activation:TDP1 becomes particularly active during the mitotic phase, helping repair drug-induced DNA damage, allowing cancer cells to survive chemotherapy. Regulation:The enzyme’s activity is regulated by Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), which enhances TDP1’s ability to resolve DNA damage through phosphorylation. Significance: Enhanced cancer therapy:Using CDK1 inhibitors with Top1 inhibitors disrupts DNA repair and halts the cell cycle, hindering cancer cell survival. Drug resistance target:TDP1 and CDK1 are new targets for overcoming resistance to current cancer therapies. Precision medicine:Focuses on personalized treatments by targeting cancer cells dependent on these DNA repair proteins. Therapeutic potential:Combining CDK1 inhibitors with existing drugs may boost cancer cell elimination, improving treatment success.

#### 4. Question

What is the primary role of Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1)?

• a) Synthesizing DNA during replication

• b) Facilitating protein synthesis in the cytoplasm

• c) Inducing cell death in healthy cells

• d) Repairing DNA damage induced by Topoisomerase 1 inhibitors

Solution: d)

Recent research by scientists at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), Kolkata, has identified a new approach for cancer treatment by targeting a DNA repair enzyme called TDP1.

About TDP1:

• Role: Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) is a DNA repair enzyme that plays a crucial role in fixing DNA damage induced by Topoisomerase 1 (Top1)inhibitors during cell division.

• Activation:TDP1 becomes particularly active during the mitotic phase, helping repair drug-induced DNA damage, allowing cancer cells to survive chemotherapy.

• Regulation:The enzyme’s activity is regulated by Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), which enhances TDP1’s ability to resolve DNA damage through phosphorylation.

Significance:

• Enhanced cancer therapy:Using CDK1 inhibitors with Top1 inhibitors disrupts DNA repair and halts the cell cycle, hindering cancer cell survival.

• Drug resistance target:TDP1 and CDK1 are new targets for overcoming resistance to current cancer therapies.

• Precision medicine:Focuses on personalized treatments by targeting cancer cells dependent on these DNA repair proteins.

• Therapeutic potential:Combining CDK1 inhibitors with existing drugs may boost cancer cell elimination, improving treatment success.

Solution: d)

About TDP1:

• Role: Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) is a DNA repair enzyme that plays a crucial role in fixing DNA damage induced by Topoisomerase 1 (Top1)inhibitors during cell division.

• Activation:TDP1 becomes particularly active during the mitotic phase, helping repair drug-induced DNA damage, allowing cancer cells to survive chemotherapy.

• Regulation:The enzyme’s activity is regulated by Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), which enhances TDP1’s ability to resolve DNA damage through phosphorylation.

Significance:

• Enhanced cancer therapy:Using CDK1 inhibitors with Top1 inhibitors disrupts DNA repair and halts the cell cycle, hindering cancer cell survival.

• Drug resistance target:TDP1 and CDK1 are new targets for overcoming resistance to current cancer therapies.

• Precision medicine:Focuses on personalized treatments by targeting cancer cells dependent on these DNA repair proteins.

• Therapeutic potential:Combining CDK1 inhibitors with existing drugs may boost cancer cell elimination, improving treatment success.

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC): NMHC is being developed under the Ministry of Culture. The complex will include coastal state pavilions representing India’s maritime diversity. Tata Projects Ltd is managing the construction of NMHC. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 1, 2, and 3 c) 1 and 3 only d) 2 and 3 only Correct Solution: d) Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect as the NMHC is being developed under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways, not the Ministry of Culture. However, Statement 2 is correct, as the complex will include coastal state pavilions to represent India’s maritime diversity. Statement 3 is also correct as Tata Projects Ltd is managing the construction of the complex. Incorrect Solution: d) Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect as the NMHC is being developed under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways, not the Ministry of Culture. However, Statement 2 is correct, as the complex will include coastal state pavilions to represent India’s maritime diversity. Statement 3 is also correct as Tata Projects Ltd is managing the construction of the complex.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC):

• NMHC is being developed under the Ministry of Culture.

• The complex will include coastal state pavilions representing India’s maritime diversity.

• Tata Projects Ltd is managing the construction of NMHC.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• a) 1 and 2 only

• b) 1, 2, and 3

• c) 1 and 3 only

• d) 2 and 3 only

Solution: d)

Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect as the NMHC is being developed under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways, not the Ministry of Culture.

However, Statement 2 is correct, as the complex will include coastal state pavilions to represent India’s maritime diversity.

Statement 3 is also correct as Tata Projects Ltd is managing the construction of the complex.

Solution: d)

Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect as the NMHC is being developed under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways, not the Ministry of Culture.

However, Statement 2 is correct, as the complex will include coastal state pavilions to represent India’s maritime diversity.

Statement 3 is also correct as Tata Projects Ltd is managing the construction of the complex.

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points According to the recent study, what is the rate of warming on the Antarctic Peninsula compared to the global average? a) Twice the global average b) Five times the global average c) Equal to the global average d) Half the global average Correct Solution: b) Explanation: The Antarctic Peninsula is warming five times faster than the global average, with temperatures now nearly 3°C higher than in 1950. This rapid warming is causing dramatic ecological changes, including an increase in plant cover. Incorrect Solution: b) Explanation: The Antarctic Peninsula is warming five times faster than the global average, with temperatures now nearly 3°C higher than in 1950. This rapid warming is causing dramatic ecological changes, including an increase in plant cover.

#### 6. Question

According to the recent study, what is the rate of warming on the Antarctic Peninsula compared to the global average?

• a) Twice the global average

• b) Five times the global average

• c) Equal to the global average

• d) Half the global average

Solution: b)

Explanation: The Antarctic Peninsula is warming five times faster than the global average, with temperatures now nearly 3°C higher than in 1950. This rapid warming is causing dramatic ecological changes, including an increase in plant cover.

Solution: b)

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Yuva Sangam initiative: The initiative provides multi-dimensional exposure to youth in areas like tourism and development. Only students from recognized universities are eligible to participate. The initiative encourages youth to experience India’s diverse heritage firsthand. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: c) Explanation: Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Yuva Sangam provides exposure to areas such as tourism, traditions, development, and technology, while encouraging youth to experience India’s diverse heritage. Statement 2 is incorrect because eligibility is broader, including NSS and NYKS volunteers, and employed or self-employed individuals, not just students. Incorrect Solution: c) Explanation: Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Yuva Sangam provides exposure to areas such as tourism, traditions, development, and technology, while encouraging youth to experience India’s diverse heritage. Statement 2 is incorrect because eligibility is broader, including NSS and NYKS volunteers, and employed or self-employed individuals, not just students.

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements about the Yuva Sangam initiative:

• The initiative provides multi-dimensional exposure to youth in areas like tourism and development.

• Only students from recognized universities are eligible to participate.

• The initiative encourages youth to experience India’s diverse heritage firsthand.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• b) 2 and 3 only

• c) 1 and 3 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: c)

Explanation: Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Yuva Sangam provides exposure to areas such as tourism, traditions, development, and technology, while encouraging youth to experience India’s diverse heritage. Statement 2 is incorrect because eligibility is broader, including NSS and NYKS volunteers, and employed or self-employed individuals, not just students.

Solution: c)

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Lothal’s historical and global significance: Lothal is the only Indus Valley site to be listed on UNESCO World Heritage list. Lothal’s artificial dockyard is considered one of the earliest known examples of maritime engineering. Lothal is famous for its well-planned drainage system and bead factories. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. Lothal: Historical importance:A significant Indus Valley Civilization site dating back to 2,200 BC; known for its role as a major trading hub. Key discoveries:World’s oldest artificial dock, bead factories, warehouses, drainage systems, and evidence of maritime trade with West Asia and Africa. Location:Situated in Gujarat’s Bhal region; well-connected by road and rail, making it accessible for visitors. UNESCO status: Nominated for the UNESCO World Heritage list, highlighting its historical significance in ancient maritime trade and culture. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. Lothal: Historical importance:A significant Indus Valley Civilization site dating back to 2,200 BC; known for its role as a major trading hub. Key discoveries:World’s oldest artificial dock, bead factories, warehouses, drainage systems, and evidence of maritime trade with West Asia and Africa. Location:Situated in Gujarat’s Bhal region; well-connected by road and rail, making it accessible for visitors. UNESCO status: Nominated for the UNESCO World Heritage list, highlighting its historical significance in ancient maritime trade and culture.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Lothal’s historical and global significance:

• Lothal is the only Indus Valley site to be listed on UNESCO World Heritage list.

• Lothal’s artificial dockyard is considered one of the earliest known examples of maritime engineering.

• Lothal is famous for its well-planned drainage system and bead factories.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

• Historical importance:A significant Indus Valley Civilization site dating back to 2,200 BC; known for its role as a major trading hub.

• Key discoveries:World’s oldest artificial dock, bead factories, warehouses, drainage systems, and evidence of maritime trade with West Asia and Africa.

• Location:Situated in Gujarat’s Bhal region; well-connected by road and rail, making it accessible for visitors.

• UNESCO status: Nominated for the UNESCO World Heritage list, highlighting its historical significance in ancient maritime trade and culture.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

• Historical importance:A significant Indus Valley Civilization site dating back to 2,200 BC; known for its role as a major trading hub.

• Key discoveries:World’s oldest artificial dock, bead factories, warehouses, drainage systems, and evidence of maritime trade with West Asia and Africa.

• Location:Situated in Gujarat’s Bhal region; well-connected by road and rail, making it accessible for visitors.

• UNESCO status: Nominated for the UNESCO World Heritage list, highlighting its historical significance in ancient maritime trade and culture.

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the mineral richness of the South Karanpura coalfield: The coalfield consists primarily of coal and sandstone layers. The region is known for its deposits of gold and iron ore. The coalfield has potential for coal bed methane and shale gas exploration. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 and 3 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 2 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: a) Explanation: Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The South Karanpura coalfield primarily consists of coal, carbonaceous shale, and sandstone, and there is potential for coal bed methane and shale gas exploration in the region. Statement 2 is incorrect, as the region is not known for deposits of gold or iron ore. Incorrect Solution: a) Explanation: Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The South Karanpura coalfield primarily consists of coal, carbonaceous shale, and sandstone, and there is potential for coal bed methane and shale gas exploration in the region. Statement 2 is incorrect, as the region is not known for deposits of gold or iron ore.

#### 9. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the mineral richness of the South Karanpura coalfield:

• The coalfield consists primarily of coal and sandstone layers.

• The region is known for its deposits of gold and iron ore.

• The coalfield has potential for coal bed methane and shale gas exploration.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• a) 1 and 3 only

• b) 2 and 3 only

• c) 1 and 2 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: a)

Explanation: Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The South Karanpura coalfield primarily consists of coal, carbonaceous shale, and sandstone, and there is potential for coal bed methane and shale gas exploration in the region. Statement 2 is incorrect, as the region is not known for deposits of gold or iron ore.

Solution: a)

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Match the following key focus areas of Yuva Sangam with their descriptions: Focus Area Description A. Paryatan 1. Learning about India’s cultural heritage B. Parampara 2. Exploring development landmarks in India C. Pragati 3. Experiencing India’s diverse tourist destinations D. Paraspar Sampark 4. Strengthening people-to-people connections among youth Select the correct answer code: a) A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4 b) A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1 c) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 d) A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4 Correct Solution: a) Explanation: Yuva Sangam focuses on multi-dimensional aspects: Paryatan (A) involves exploring tourist destinations, Parampara (B) emphasizes learning about cultural heritage, Pragati (C) focuses on development landmarks, and Paraspar Sampark (D) aims at strengthening people-to-people connections. Incorrect Solution: a) Explanation: Yuva Sangam focuses on multi-dimensional aspects: Paryatan (A) involves exploring tourist destinations, Parampara (B) emphasizes learning about cultural heritage, Pragati (C) focuses on development landmarks, and Paraspar Sampark (D) aims at strengthening people-to-people connections.

#### 10. Question

Match the following key focus areas of Yuva Sangam with their descriptions:

Focus Area | Description

A. Paryatan | 1. Learning about India’s cultural heritage

B. Parampara | 2. Exploring development landmarks in India

C. Pragati | 3. Experiencing India’s diverse tourist destinations

D. Paraspar Sampark | 4. Strengthening people-to-people connections among youth

Select the correct answer code:

• a) A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4

• b) A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1

• c) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

• d) A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4

Solution: a)

Explanation: Yuva Sangam focuses on multi-dimensional aspects: Paryatan (A) involves exploring tourist destinations, Parampara (B) emphasizes learning about cultural heritage, Pragati (C) focuses on development landmarks, and Paraspar Sampark (D) aims at strengthening people-to-people connections.

Solution: a)

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