UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 12 June 2024

The Current Affairs Quiz is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points With reference to Right to Information Act, 2005, consider the following statements: The RTI Act applies only to the Central Government. The RTI Act mandates that information should be provided within 45 days of the request. The RTI Act allows any citizen to request information from a public authority. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Ans: (a) Explanation: Context: The Madras High Court ruled that cooperative societies are not subject to the RTI Act. The court set aside a Tamil Nadu Information Commission order that had directed a cooperative society to disclose loan details. Justice V. Bhavani Subbaroyan stated that cooperative societies do not qualify as ‘public authorities’ under Section 2(h) of the RTI Act. The court’s decision aligns with previous rulings, including a 2013 Supreme Court verdict. The RTI Act, 2005, provides for setting out the practical regime of the right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities. It allows any citizen to request information from a public authority, which is required to reply within 30 days. The Act applies to both the Central and State Governments. While certain intelligence and security organizations are exempted, they are not exempt under all circumstances, especially when the information pertains to allegations of corruption and human rights violations. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/ Incorrect Ans: (a) Explanation: Context: The Madras High Court ruled that cooperative societies are not subject to the RTI Act. The court set aside a Tamil Nadu Information Commission order that had directed a cooperative society to disclose loan details. Justice V. Bhavani Subbaroyan stated that cooperative societies do not qualify as ‘public authorities’ under Section 2(h) of the RTI Act. The court’s decision aligns with previous rulings, including a 2013 Supreme Court verdict. The RTI Act, 2005, provides for setting out the practical regime of the right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities. It allows any citizen to request information from a public authority, which is required to reply within 30 days. The Act applies to both the Central and State Governments. While certain intelligence and security organizations are exempted, they are not exempt under all circumstances, especially when the information pertains to allegations of corruption and human rights violations. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

#### 1. Question

With reference to Right to Information Act, 2005, consider the following statements:

• The RTI Act applies only to the Central Government. The RTI Act mandates that information should be provided within 45 days of the request. The RTI Act allows any citizen to request information from a public authority.

• The RTI Act applies only to the Central Government.

• The RTI Act mandates that information should be provided within 45 days of the request.

• The RTI Act allows any citizen to request information from a public authority.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Explanation:

• Context: The Madras High Court ruled that cooperative societies are not subject to the RTI Act. The court set aside a Tamil Nadu Information Commission order that had directed a cooperative society to disclose loan details. Justice V. Bhavani Subbaroyan stated that cooperative societies do not qualify as ‘public authorities’ under Section 2(h) of the RTI Act. The court’s decision aligns with previous rulings, including a 2013 Supreme Court verdict.

• Justice V. Bhavani Subbaroyan stated that cooperative societies do not qualify as ‘public authorities’ under Section 2(h) of the RTI Act. The court’s decision aligns with previous rulings, including a 2013 Supreme Court verdict.

• The RTI Act, 2005, provides for setting out the practical regime of the right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities. It allows any citizen to request information from a public authority, which is required to reply within 30 days. The Act applies to both the Central and State Governments. While certain intelligence and security organizations are exempted, they are not exempt under all circumstances, especially when the information pertains to allegations of corruption and human rights violations.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

Explanation:

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Which body is established at the central level to oversee the implementation of the RTI Act? (a) Central Vigilance Commission (b) Central Information Commission (c) Comptroller and Auditor General (d) National Human Rights Commission Correct Ans; (b) Explanation: The Central Information Commission is established at the central level to oversee the implementation of the RTI Act, 2005. It is an independent body that inquires into complaints and appeals related to the non-implementation of the Act. The Commission ensures that the citizens’ right to information is protected and provides redressal for issues arising from the denial of information. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/ Incorrect Ans; (b) Explanation: The Central Information Commission is established at the central level to oversee the implementation of the RTI Act, 2005. It is an independent body that inquires into complaints and appeals related to the non-implementation of the Act. The Commission ensures that the citizens’ right to information is protected and provides redressal for issues arising from the denial of information. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

#### 2. Question

Which body is established at the central level to oversee the implementation of the RTI Act?

• (a) Central Vigilance Commission

• (b) Central Information Commission

• (c) Comptroller and Auditor General

• (d) National Human Rights Commission

Explanation:

• The Central Information Commission is established at the central level to oversee the implementation of the RTI Act, 2005. It is an independent body that inquires into complaints and appeals related to the non-implementation of the Act. The Commission ensures that the citizens’ right to information is protected and provides redressal for issues arising from the denial of information.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

Explanation:

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points With reference to “First Past the Post” (FPTP) electoral system, consider the following statements: In FPTP, each constituency elects multiple representatives based on the proportion of votes each party receives. FPTP tends to favor smaller parties and provides better representation for minority groups. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: In the recently concluded election to Lok Sabha, The ruling NDA won 293 seats with 43.3% of the vote, while the opposition INDIA bloc, with 41.6% of votes, secured only 234 seats. The article explores the potential benefits and challenges of adopting a Proportional Representation (PR) system in India’s electoral democracy. First Past the Post (FPTP) Proportional Representation (PR) An electoral method where the candidate with the most votes in a constituency wins. E.g., Used in the UK, Canada, and India for legislative elections. Allocates seats in the legislature based on the proportion of votes each party receives, unlike FPTP where the top candidate wins. It aims for an accurate reflection of voter preferences. Working Working Single-Member Districts: Each constituency elects one representative. Party Lists: Voters vote for parties; seats are allocated based on vote share. Plurality Wins: The highest vote-getter wins, not necessarily a majority. Multi-Member Districts: Allows proportional seat allocation. Thresholds: Minimum vote percentage required to gain representation. Advantages Advantages Simplicity: Easy for voters and straightforward counting. Fair Representation: Reflects voters’ preferences accurately. Strong and Stable Governments: Often produce clear winners. Minority Inclusion: Better chances for smaller parties and minority groups. Direct Representation: Ensures geographic areas have dedicated representatives. Reduced Wasted Votes: Most votes contribute to election results. Accountability: Representatives can be easily voted out. Encourages Voter Turnout: Voters feel their votes have more impact. Disadvantages Disadvantages Disproportionality: Vote-share may not match seat-share. Coalition Governments: This can lead to instability if coalitions disagree. Wasted Votes: Votes for losing candidates don’t count. Complexity: Harder for voters and authorities to manage. Minority Rule: Candidates can win with less than majority votes. Fragmentation: Many small parties can make consensus difficult. Geographic Concentration: Can favour parties with concentrated support. Weaker Constituency Links: Representatives may not be tied to specific areas. Encourages Gerrymandering: Boundaries can be manipulated to favour parties. Influence of Party Leadership: Party leaders control candidate lists, centralizing power. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/ Incorrect Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: In the recently concluded election to Lok Sabha, The ruling NDA won 293 seats with 43.3% of the vote, while the opposition INDIA bloc, with 41.6% of votes, secured only 234 seats. The article explores the potential benefits and challenges of adopting a Proportional Representation (PR) system in India’s electoral democracy. First Past the Post (FPTP) Proportional Representation (PR) An electoral method where the candidate with the most votes in a constituency wins. E.g., Used in the UK, Canada, and India for legislative elections. Allocates seats in the legislature based on the proportion of votes each party receives, unlike FPTP where the top candidate wins. It aims for an accurate reflection of voter preferences. Working Working Single-Member Districts: Each constituency elects one representative. Party Lists: Voters vote for parties; seats are allocated based on vote share. Plurality Wins: The highest vote-getter wins, not necessarily a majority. Multi-Member Districts: Allows proportional seat allocation. Thresholds: Minimum vote percentage required to gain representation. Advantages Advantages Simplicity: Easy for voters and straightforward counting. Fair Representation: Reflects voters’ preferences accurately. Strong and Stable Governments: Often produce clear winners. Minority Inclusion: Better chances for smaller parties and minority groups. Direct Representation: Ensures geographic areas have dedicated representatives. Reduced Wasted Votes: Most votes contribute to election results. Accountability: Representatives can be easily voted out. Encourages Voter Turnout: Voters feel their votes have more impact. Disadvantages Disadvantages Disproportionality: Vote-share may not match seat-share. Coalition Governments: This can lead to instability if coalitions disagree. Wasted Votes: Votes for losing candidates don’t count. Complexity: Harder for voters and authorities to manage. Minority Rule: Candidates can win with less than majority votes. Fragmentation: Many small parties can make consensus difficult. Geographic Concentration: Can favour parties with concentrated support. Weaker Constituency Links: Representatives may not be tied to specific areas. Encourages Gerrymandering: Boundaries can be manipulated to favour parties. Influence of Party Leadership: Party leaders control candidate lists, centralizing power. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

#### 3. Question

With reference to “First Past the Post” (FPTP) electoral system, consider the following statements:

• In FPTP, each constituency elects multiple representatives based on the proportion of votes each party receives. FPTP tends to favor smaller parties and provides better representation for minority groups.

• In FPTP, each constituency elects multiple representatives based on the proportion of votes each party receives.

• FPTP tends to favor smaller parties and provides better representation for minority groups.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation:

• Context: In the recently concluded election to Lok Sabha, The ruling NDA won 293 seats with 43.3% of the vote, while the opposition INDIA bloc, with 41.6% of votes, secured only 234 seats. The article explores the potential benefits and challenges of adopting a Proportional Representation (PR) system in India’s electoral democracy.

First Past the Post (FPTP) | Proportional Representation (PR)

An electoral method where the candidate with the most votes in a constituency wins. E.g., Used in the UK, Canada, and India for legislative elections. | Allocates seats in the legislature based on the proportion of votes each party receives, unlike FPTP where the top candidate wins. It aims for an accurate reflection of voter preferences.

Working | Working

Single-Member Districts: Each constituency elects one representative. | Party Lists: Voters vote for parties; seats are allocated based on vote share.

Plurality Wins: The highest vote-getter wins, not necessarily a majority. | Multi-Member Districts: Allows proportional seat allocation.

| Thresholds: Minimum vote percentage required to gain representation.

Advantages | Advantages

Simplicity: Easy for voters and straightforward counting. | Fair Representation: Reflects voters’ preferences accurately.

Strong and Stable Governments: Often produce clear winners. | Minority Inclusion: Better chances for smaller parties and minority groups.

Direct Representation: Ensures geographic areas have dedicated representatives. | Reduced Wasted Votes: Most votes contribute to election results.

Accountability: Representatives can be easily voted out. | Encourages Voter Turnout: Voters feel their votes have more impact.

Disadvantages | Disadvantages

Disproportionality: Vote-share may not match seat-share. | Coalition Governments: This can lead to instability if coalitions disagree.

Wasted Votes: Votes for losing candidates don’t count. | Complexity: Harder for voters and authorities to manage.

Minority Rule: Candidates can win with less than majority votes. | Fragmentation: Many small parties can make consensus difficult.

Geographic Concentration: Can favour parties with concentrated support. | Weaker Constituency Links: Representatives may not be tied to specific areas.

Encourages Gerrymandering: Boundaries can be manipulated to favour parties. | Influence of Party Leadership: Party leaders control candidate lists, centralizing power.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

Explanation:

First Past the Post (FPTP) | Proportional Representation (PR)

Working | Working

Single-Member Districts: Each constituency elects one representative. | Party Lists: Voters vote for parties; seats are allocated based on vote share.

Plurality Wins: The highest vote-getter wins, not necessarily a majority. | Multi-Member Districts: Allows proportional seat allocation.

| Thresholds: Minimum vote percentage required to gain representation.

Advantages | Advantages

Simplicity: Easy for voters and straightforward counting. | Fair Representation: Reflects voters’ preferences accurately.

Strong and Stable Governments: Often produce clear winners. | Minority Inclusion: Better chances for smaller parties and minority groups.

Direct Representation: Ensures geographic areas have dedicated representatives. | Reduced Wasted Votes: Most votes contribute to election results.

Accountability: Representatives can be easily voted out. | Encourages Voter Turnout: Voters feel their votes have more impact.

Disadvantages | Disadvantages

Disproportionality: Vote-share may not match seat-share. | Coalition Governments: This can lead to instability if coalitions disagree.

Wasted Votes: Votes for losing candidates don’t count. | Complexity: Harder for voters and authorities to manage.

Minority Rule: Candidates can win with less than majority votes. | Fragmentation: Many small parties can make consensus difficult.

Geographic Concentration: Can favour parties with concentrated support. | Weaker Constituency Links: Representatives may not be tied to specific areas.

Encourages Gerrymandering: Boundaries can be manipulated to favour parties. | Influence of Party Leadership: Party leaders control candidate lists, centralizing power.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Global Plastics Treaty: The treaty aims to reduce plastic pollution by setting legally binding targets for all member countries. The treaty was adopted by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 2024. The treaty focuses solely on reducing single-use plastics. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Ans: (a) Explanation: The Global Plastics Treaty, initiated in 2021, is a pivotal international effort aimed at combating plastic pollution on a global scale. Established during the fifth UN Environment Assembly in Nairobi, Kenya, the treaty has progressed through various meetings worldwide, including Dakar, Senegal; Uruguay; Paris, France; Nairobi, Kenya; and Canada, with the final meeting set for South Korea. It aims to reduce plastic pollution by setting legally binding targets for all member countries. The goal is to create a unified international approach to tackle plastic waste. While the treaty does address single-use plastics, it is not limited to this aspect alone. The treaty encompasses broader measures, including plastic waste management and the promotion of circular economy practices. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/ Incorrect Ans: (a) Explanation: The Global Plastics Treaty, initiated in 2021, is a pivotal international effort aimed at combating plastic pollution on a global scale. Established during the fifth UN Environment Assembly in Nairobi, Kenya, the treaty has progressed through various meetings worldwide, including Dakar, Senegal; Uruguay; Paris, France; Nairobi, Kenya; and Canada, with the final meeting set for South Korea. It aims to reduce plastic pollution by setting legally binding targets for all member countries. The goal is to create a unified international approach to tackle plastic waste. While the treaty does address single-use plastics, it is not limited to this aspect alone. The treaty encompasses broader measures, including plastic waste management and the promotion of circular economy practices. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements about the Global Plastics Treaty:

• The treaty aims to reduce plastic pollution by setting legally binding targets for all member countries. The treaty was adopted by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 2024. The treaty focuses solely on reducing single-use plastics.

• The treaty aims to reduce plastic pollution by setting legally binding targets for all member countries.

• The treaty was adopted by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 2024.

• The treaty focuses solely on reducing single-use plastics.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Explanation:

• The Global Plastics Treaty, initiated in 2021, is a pivotal international effort aimed at combating plastic pollution on a global scale. Established during the fifth UN Environment Assembly in Nairobi, Kenya, the treaty has progressed through various meetings worldwide, including Dakar, Senegal; Uruguay; Paris, France; Nairobi, Kenya; and Canada, with the final meeting set for South Korea.

• It aims to reduce plastic pollution by setting legally binding targets for all member countries. The goal is to create a unified international approach to tackle plastic waste.

• While the treaty does address single-use plastics, it is not limited to this aspect alone. The treaty encompasses broader measures, including plastic waste management and the promotion of circular economy practices.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

Explanation:

• It aims to reduce plastic pollution by setting legally binding targets for all member countries. The goal is to create a unified international approach to tackle plastic waste.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: Thermosetting plastics can be reshaped and remolded multiple times upon heating. Once cured, thermosetting plastics cannot be melted by reheating. Thermosetting plastics are typically used in applications requiring high heat resistance. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Ans: (b) Explanation: S1 is Incorrect. Thermosetting plastics cannot be reshaped or remolded once they have been cured. They undergo a chemical change during the curing process that makes them rigid and infusible. S2 is Correct. Once thermosetting plastics are cured, they cannot be melted by reheating. This is due to the formation of cross-linked polymer chains during the curing process, which makes the material set permanently. S3 is Correct. Thermosetting plastics are often used in applications that require high heat resistance because they do not soften upon reheating. This makes them ideal for use in environments where high temperatures are encountered. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/ Incorrect Ans: (b) Explanation: S1 is Incorrect. Thermosetting plastics cannot be reshaped or remolded once they have been cured. They undergo a chemical change during the curing process that makes them rigid and infusible. S2 is Correct. Once thermosetting plastics are cured, they cannot be melted by reheating. This is due to the formation of cross-linked polymer chains during the curing process, which makes the material set permanently. S3 is Correct. Thermosetting plastics are often used in applications that require high heat resistance because they do not soften upon reheating. This makes them ideal for use in environments where high temperatures are encountered. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements:

• Thermosetting plastics can be reshaped and remolded multiple times upon heating. Once cured, thermosetting plastics cannot be melted by reheating. Thermosetting plastics are typically used in applications requiring high heat resistance.

• Thermosetting plastics can be reshaped and remolded multiple times upon heating.

• Once cured, thermosetting plastics cannot be melted by reheating.

• Thermosetting plastics are typically used in applications requiring high heat resistance.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Explanation:

• S1 is Incorrect. Thermosetting plastics cannot be reshaped or remolded once they have been cured. They undergo a chemical change during the curing process that makes them rigid and infusible.

• S2 is Correct. Once thermosetting plastics are cured, they cannot be melted by reheating. This is due to the formation of cross-linked polymer chains during the curing process, which makes the material set permanently.

• S3 is Correct. Thermosetting plastics are often used in applications that require high heat resistance because they do not soften upon reheating. This makes them ideal for use in environments where high temperatures are encountered.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

Explanation:

• S1 is Incorrect. Thermosetting plastics cannot be reshaped or remolded once they have been cured. They undergo a chemical change during the curing process that makes them rigid and infusible.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points The Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) was set up for: (a) Addressing Palestine humanitarian crises (b) Negotiating treaties related to environmental issues (c) Managing international trade disputes (d) Developing global education standards Correct Ans: (b) Explanation: about Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) It was formed by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in March 2022 to create a global binding agreement on plastic pollution. Its goal is to address plastic’s entire life cycle, including its impact on marine environments and may employ both voluntary and binding measures. The INC has held meetings, including INC-1 in Uruguay in November 2022, INC-2 in France in May-June 2023, and INC-3 in Nairobi in December 2023. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/ Incorrect Ans: (b) Explanation: about Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) It was formed by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in March 2022 to create a global binding agreement on plastic pollution. Its goal is to address plastic’s entire life cycle, including its impact on marine environments and may employ both voluntary and binding measures. The INC has held meetings, including INC-1 in Uruguay in November 2022, INC-2 in France in May-June 2023, and INC-3 in Nairobi in December 2023. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

#### 6. Question

The Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) was set up for:

• (a) Addressing Palestine humanitarian crises

• (b) Negotiating treaties related to environmental issues

• (c) Managing international trade disputes

• (d) Developing global education standards

Explanation: about Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC)

• It was formed by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in March 2022 to create a global binding agreement on plastic pollution. Its goal is to address plastic’s entire life cycle, including its impact on marine environments and may employ both voluntary and binding measures. The INC has held meetings, including INC-1 in Uruguay in November 2022, INC-2 in France in May-June 2023, and INC-3 in Nairobi in December 2023.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

Explanation: about Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC)

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Gardi Sugdub, recently in the news due to a climate change crisis, is located in: (a) The Maldives (b) Fiji (c) Panama (d) The Bahamas Correct Ans: (c) Explanation: Context: Hundreds of Indigenous families have relocated from Gardi Sugdub due to rising sea levels, becoming Panama’s first climate change-induced displacement. Panama also becomes the first nation to evacuate its island community over climate change impact. About Panama: It is situated in Latin America at the southern tip of Central America, sharing borders with South America. It is flanked by Costa Rica to the west and Colombia to the southeast, with the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. Panama City, its capital, is the largest city, housing nearly half of its over 4 million inhabitants. Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903 with U.S. support, facilitating the construction of the Panama Canal. The canal’s revenue remains a significant contributor to Panama’s economy, along with commerce, banking, and tourism. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/ Incorrect Ans: (c) Explanation: Context: Hundreds of Indigenous families have relocated from Gardi Sugdub due to rising sea levels, becoming Panama’s first climate change-induced displacement. Panama also becomes the first nation to evacuate its island community over climate change impact. About Panama: It is situated in Latin America at the southern tip of Central America, sharing borders with South America. It is flanked by Costa Rica to the west and Colombia to the southeast, with the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. Panama City, its capital, is the largest city, housing nearly half of its over 4 million inhabitants. Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903 with U.S. support, facilitating the construction of the Panama Canal. The canal’s revenue remains a significant contributor to Panama’s economy, along with commerce, banking, and tourism. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

#### 7. Question

Gardi Sugdub, recently in the news due to a climate change crisis, is located in:

• (a) The Maldives

• (c) Panama

• (d) The Bahamas

Explanation:

• Context: Hundreds of Indigenous families have relocated from Gardi Sugdub due to rising sea levels, becoming Panama’s first climate change-induced displacement. Panama also becomes the first nation to evacuate its island community over climate change impact.

• About Panama: It is situated in Latin America at the southern tip of Central America, sharing borders with South America. It is flanked by Costa Rica to the west and Colombia to the southeast, with the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. Panama City, its capital, is the largest city, housing nearly half of its over 4 million inhabitants. Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903 with U.S. support, facilitating the construction of the Panama Canal. The canal’s revenue remains a significant contributor to Panama’s economy, along with commerce, banking, and tourism.

• It is situated in Latin America at the southern tip of Central America, sharing borders with South America. It is flanked by Costa Rica to the west and Colombia to the southeast, with the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. Panama City, its capital, is the largest city, housing nearly half of its over 4 million inhabitants. Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903 with U.S. support, facilitating the construction of the Panama Canal. The canal’s revenue remains a significant contributor to Panama’s economy, along with commerce, banking, and tourism.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

Explanation:

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI): IRDAI is an autonomous, statutory body established to regulate and develop the insurance industry in India. IRDAI is responsible for protecting the interests of policyholders. IRDAI regulates only life insurance companies in India. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Ans: (b) Explanation: The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) is a statutory body under the Ministry of Finance, Government of India, regulating the insurance industry. Established in 1999, it’s headquartered in Hyderabad, Telangana. Recently, IRDAI directed health insurance providers to create specialized policies for senior citizens and removed the age limit for purchasing health insurance policies, effective April 1, 2024. It operates with a 10-member body appointed by the government, including a chairman and both full-time and part-time members. IRDAI regulates both life and non-life (general) insurance companies in India. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/ Incorrect Ans: (b) Explanation: The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) is a statutory body under the Ministry of Finance, Government of India, regulating the insurance industry. Established in 1999, it’s headquartered in Hyderabad, Telangana. Recently, IRDAI directed health insurance providers to create specialized policies for senior citizens and removed the age limit for purchasing health insurance policies, effective April 1, 2024. It operates with a 10-member body appointed by the government, including a chairman and both full-time and part-time members. IRDAI regulates both life and non-life (general) insurance companies in India. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements about the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI):

• IRDAI is an autonomous, statutory body established to regulate and develop the insurance industry in India. IRDAI is responsible for protecting the interests of policyholders. IRDAI regulates only life insurance companies in India.

• IRDAI is an autonomous, statutory body established to regulate and develop the insurance industry in India.

• IRDAI is responsible for protecting the interests of policyholders.

• IRDAI regulates only life insurance companies in India.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Explanation:

• The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) is a statutory body under the Ministry of Finance, Government of India, regulating the insurance industry. Established in 1999, it’s headquartered in Hyderabad, Telangana. Recently, IRDAI directed health insurance providers to create specialized policies for senior citizens and removed the age limit for purchasing health insurance policies, effective April 1, 2024. It operates with a 10-member body appointed by the government, including a chairman and both full-time and part-time members.

• IRDAI regulates both life and non-life (general) insurance companies in India.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

Explanation:

• IRDAI regulates both life and non-life (general) insurance companies in India.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: Sticky inflation occurs when prices of goods and services adjust quickly to changes in supply and demand. Sticky inflation indicates that inflation rates are highly sensitive to short-term economic fluctuations. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: Recently RBI has refrained from cutting interest rates despite declining retail inflation rates, which have hovered near the 4% mark since September 2023. What is Sticky Inflation? Sticky inflation refers to a situation where inflation rates remain relatively high or stable over time, despite changes in economic conditions or monetary polic This phenomenon is characterized by a slow decline in inflation rates and resistance to central bank efforts to lower them through measures like interest rate cuts. Reasons: Rising wages and prices for consumer goods and services are typically the main factors behind inflation stickiness. Implications: It can push monetary authorities to tighten monetary policy and raise interest rates. S1 is incorrect because sticky inflation occurs when prices do not adjust quickly to changes in supply and demand. S2 is incorrect because sticky inflation indicates that inflation rates are not highly sensitive to short-term economic fluctuations. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/ Incorrect Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: Recently RBI has refrained from cutting interest rates despite declining retail inflation rates, which have hovered near the 4% mark since September 2023. What is Sticky Inflation? Sticky inflation refers to a situation where inflation rates remain relatively high or stable over time, despite changes in economic conditions or monetary polic This phenomenon is characterized by a slow decline in inflation rates and resistance to central bank efforts to lower them through measures like interest rate cuts. Reasons: Rising wages and prices for consumer goods and services are typically the main factors behind inflation stickiness. Implications: It can push monetary authorities to tighten monetary policy and raise interest rates. S1 is incorrect because sticky inflation occurs when prices do not adjust quickly to changes in supply and demand. S2 is incorrect because sticky inflation indicates that inflation rates are not highly sensitive to short-term economic fluctuations. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

#### 9. Question

Consider the following statements:

• Sticky inflation occurs when prices of goods and services adjust quickly to changes in supply and demand. Sticky inflation indicates that inflation rates are highly sensitive to short-term economic fluctuations.

• Sticky inflation occurs when prices of goods and services adjust quickly to changes in supply and demand.

• Sticky inflation indicates that inflation rates are highly sensitive to short-term economic fluctuations.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation:

• Context: Recently RBI has refrained from cutting interest rates despite declining retail inflation rates, which have hovered near the 4% mark since September 2023.

• What is Sticky Inflation? Sticky inflation refers to a situation where inflation rates remain relatively high or stable over time, despite changes in economic conditions or monetary polic This phenomenon is characterized by a slow decline in inflation rates and resistance to central bank efforts to lower them through measures like interest rate cuts. Reasons: Rising wages and prices for consumer goods and services are typically the main factors behind inflation stickiness. Implications: It can push monetary authorities to tighten monetary policy and raise interest rates.

• Sticky inflation refers to a situation where inflation rates remain relatively high or stable over time, despite changes in economic conditions or monetary polic This phenomenon is characterized by a slow decline in inflation rates and resistance to central bank efforts to lower them through measures like interest rate cuts.

• Reasons: Rising wages and prices for consumer goods and services are typically the main factors behind inflation stickiness.

• Implications: It can push monetary authorities to tighten monetary policy and raise interest rates.

• S1 is incorrect because sticky inflation occurs when prices do not adjust quickly to changes in supply and demand.

• S2 is incorrect because sticky inflation indicates that inflation rates are not highly sensitive to short-term economic fluctuations.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

Explanation:

• Context: Recently RBI has refrained from cutting interest rates despite declining retail inflation rates, which have hovered near the 4% mark since September 2023.

• Reasons: Rising wages and prices for consumer goods and services are typically the main factors behind inflation stickiness.

• Implications: It can push monetary authorities to tighten monetary policy and raise interest rates.

• S1 is incorrect because sticky inflation occurs when prices do not adjust quickly to changes in supply and demand.

• S2 is incorrect because sticky inflation indicates that inflation rates are not highly sensitive to short-term economic fluctuations.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Which of the following statements accurately reflects the purpose of the ‘safeEXO-Cas’ technology? (a) It aims to enhance agricultural productivity by increasing crop yield. (b) Its primary goal is to combat climate change by reducing carbon emissions. (c) The technology is designed to safely and precisely edit genes in living organisms. (d) Its purpose is to facilitate faster and more efficient data transmission in telecommunications. Correct Ans: (c) Explanation: Context: Scientists at Columbia University College of Dental Medicine have developed a new gene editing platform called “safeEXO-Cas,” using exosomes as delivery vehicles for CRISPR/Cas9 components. This platform enhances precision in targeting specific cells and tissues, overcoming the limitations of current delivery methods. About CRISPR/Cas9 technology: It is a genome editing tool that works as a cut-and-paste mechanism on DNA strands, allowing targeted modifications to the genome. Its applications include editing genes in human embryos, improving crop resilience, and treating diseases like sickle cell disease. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/ Incorrect Ans: (c) Explanation: Context: Scientists at Columbia University College of Dental Medicine have developed a new gene editing platform called “safeEXO-Cas,” using exosomes as delivery vehicles for CRISPR/Cas9 components. This platform enhances precision in targeting specific cells and tissues, overcoming the limitations of current delivery methods. About CRISPR/Cas9 technology: It is a genome editing tool that works as a cut-and-paste mechanism on DNA strands, allowing targeted modifications to the genome. Its applications include editing genes in human embryos, improving crop resilience, and treating diseases like sickle cell disease. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

#### 10. Question

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the purpose of the ‘safeEXO-Cas’ technology?

• (a) It aims to enhance agricultural productivity by increasing crop yield.

• (b) Its primary goal is to combat climate change by reducing carbon emissions.

• (c) The technology is designed to safely and precisely edit genes in living organisms.

• (d) Its purpose is to facilitate faster and more efficient data transmission in telecommunications.

Explanation:

• Context: Scientists at Columbia University College of Dental Medicine have developed a new gene editing platform called “safeEXO-Cas,” using exosomes as delivery vehicles for CRISPR/Cas9 components. This platform enhances precision in targeting specific cells and tissues, overcoming the limitations of current delivery methods.

• This platform enhances precision in targeting specific cells and tissues, overcoming the limitations of current delivery methods.

• About CRISPR/Cas9 technology: It is a genome editing tool that works as a cut-and-paste mechanism on DNA strands, allowing targeted modifications to the genome. Its applications include editing genes in human embryos, improving crop resilience, and treating diseases like sickle cell disease.

• It is a genome editing tool that works as a cut-and-paste mechanism on DNA strands, allowing targeted modifications to the genome. Its applications include editing genes in human embryos, improving crop resilience, and treating diseases like sickle cell disease.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

Explanation:

• This platform enhances precision in targeting specific cells and tissues, overcoming the limitations of current delivery methods.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/06/11/upsc-current-affairs-11-june-2024/

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