UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 12 January 2026

The Current Affairs Quiz is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points With reference to the National Improvised Explosive Device Data Management System (NIDMS), which one of the following agencies serves as its operational custodian and host? (a) National Investigation Agency (NIA) (b) Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) (c) National Security Guard (NSG) (d) Intelligence Bureau (IB) Correct Solution: C The National Improvised Explosive Device Data Management System (NIDMS) is a specialized digital platform designed to centralize and standardize all IED-related information in India. While the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) provides the policy oversight for the project, the National Security Guard (NSG) serves as the operational custodian and host. Specifically, the National Bomb Data Centre (NBDC), which functions within the NSG, acts as the technical and forensic backbone of the system. The primary utility of NIDMS lies in its ability to offer “single-click” access to a vast repository of data dating back to 1999. By hosting this data at the NSG garrison in Manesar, the system ensures that various user agencies—including State Police, CAPFs, and the NIA—can effectively collaborate. The NSG’s role as the host is critical because it integrates field expertise in bomb disposal with high-end digital forensics. This centralized approach aims to eliminate fragmented case files, enabling a “One Nation, One IED Data Repository” The platform is significant for its integration of AI-enabled analytics, which helps in identifying signature links between different terror incidents by analyzing device types, circuits, and explosive materials used. Incorrect Solution: C The National Improvised Explosive Device Data Management System (NIDMS) is a specialized digital platform designed to centralize and standardize all IED-related information in India. While the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) provides the policy oversight for the project, the National Security Guard (NSG) serves as the operational custodian and host. Specifically, the National Bomb Data Centre (NBDC), which functions within the NSG, acts as the technical and forensic backbone of the system. The primary utility of NIDMS lies in its ability to offer “single-click” access to a vast repository of data dating back to 1999. By hosting this data at the NSG garrison in Manesar, the system ensures that various user agencies—including State Police, CAPFs, and the NIA—can effectively collaborate. The NSG’s role as the host is critical because it integrates field expertise in bomb disposal with high-end digital forensics. This centralized approach aims to eliminate fragmented case files, enabling a “One Nation, One IED Data Repository” The platform is significant for its integration of AI-enabled analytics, which helps in identifying signature links between different terror incidents by analyzing device types, circuits, and explosive materials used.

#### 1. Question

With reference to the National Improvised Explosive Device Data Management System (NIDMS), which one of the following agencies serves as its operational custodian and host?

• (a) National Investigation Agency (NIA)

• (b) Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs)

• (c) National Security Guard (NSG)

• (d) Intelligence Bureau (IB)

Solution: C

• The National Improvised Explosive Device Data Management System (NIDMS) is a specialized digital platform designed to centralize and standardize all IED-related information in India. While the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) provides the policy oversight for the project, the National Security Guard (NSG) serves as the operational custodian and host. Specifically, the National Bomb Data Centre (NBDC), which functions within the NSG, acts as the technical and forensic backbone of the system.

• The primary utility of NIDMS lies in its ability to offer “single-click” access to a vast repository of data dating back to 1999. By hosting this data at the NSG garrison in Manesar, the system ensures that various user agencies—including State Police, CAPFs, and the NIA—can effectively collaborate.

• The NSG’s role as the host is critical because it integrates field expertise in bomb disposal with high-end digital forensics. This centralized approach aims to eliminate fragmented case files, enabling a “One Nation, One IED Data Repository”

The platform is significant for its integration of AI-enabled analytics, which helps in identifying signature links between different terror incidents by analyzing device types, circuits, and explosive materials used.

Solution: C

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA): It is a specialized agency of the UN that operates independently of the UN Secretariat. It is responsible for monitoring progress on the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It produces the flagship report titled ‘World Economic Situation and Prospects’. How many of the above statements are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect because UNDESA is not an independent specialized agency; rather, it is a core department of the United Nations Secretariat. It was established in 1948 and underwent significant restructuring in 1997. Statement 2 is correct as UNDESA leads the UN’s work on economic, social, and environmental development, serving as the institutional backbone for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It tracks the implementation of the 17 SDGs and provides the necessary monitoring and coordination across member states. Statement 3 is correct because one of UNDESA’s primary functions is global economic and social analysis. It produces the World Economic Situation and Prospects (WESP) report, which provides critical GDP growth projections and economic forecasts that influence global entities like the IMF, World Bank, and G20. The department’s role extends to providing secretariat services to major intergovernmental bodies such as the UN General Assembly and ECOSOC. By translating global commitments into national policies, UNDESA helps countries tackle poverty, inequality, and climate change. Its significance lies in its ability to maintain major development databases used by policymakers worldwide to ensure inclusive and equitable development. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect because UNDESA is not an independent specialized agency; rather, it is a core department of the United Nations Secretariat. It was established in 1948 and underwent significant restructuring in 1997. Statement 2 is correct as UNDESA leads the UN’s work on economic, social, and environmental development, serving as the institutional backbone for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It tracks the implementation of the 17 SDGs and provides the necessary monitoring and coordination across member states. Statement 3 is correct because one of UNDESA’s primary functions is global economic and social analysis. It produces the World Economic Situation and Prospects (WESP) report, which provides critical GDP growth projections and economic forecasts that influence global entities like the IMF, World Bank, and G20. The department’s role extends to providing secretariat services to major intergovernmental bodies such as the UN General Assembly and ECOSOC. By translating global commitments into national policies, UNDESA helps countries tackle poverty, inequality, and climate change. Its significance lies in its ability to maintain major development databases used by policymakers worldwide to ensure inclusive and equitable development.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA):

• It is a specialized agency of the UN that operates independently of the UN Secretariat.

• It is responsible for monitoring progress on the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

• It produces the flagship report titled ‘World Economic Situation and Prospects’.

How many of the above statements are incorrect?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is incorrect because UNDESA is not an independent specialized agency; rather, it is a core department of the United Nations Secretariat. It was established in 1948 and underwent significant restructuring in 1997.

• Statement 2 is correct as UNDESA leads the UN’s work on economic, social, and environmental development, serving as the institutional backbone for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It tracks the implementation of the 17 SDGs and provides the necessary monitoring and coordination across member states.

• Statement 3 is correct because one of UNDESA’s primary functions is global economic and social analysis. It produces the World Economic Situation and Prospects (WESP) report, which provides critical GDP growth projections and economic forecasts that influence global entities like the IMF, World Bank, and G20.

• The department’s role extends to providing secretariat services to major intergovernmental bodies such as the UN General Assembly and ECOSOC. By translating global commitments into national policies, UNDESA helps countries tackle poverty, inequality, and climate change. Its significance lies in its ability to maintain major development databases used by policymakers worldwide to ensure inclusive and equitable development.

Solution: A

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points With reference to the Zehanpora Stupa recently in news, consider the following statements: The site is a large Buddhist complex dating back to the Kushan period. It is located along an ancient Silk Route corridor in North Kashmir. Excavations have revealed evidence of a wooden super-structure above the stupa mounds. The site was primarily a center for Hinayana Buddhist learning under King Ashoka. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: C The Zehanpora site in Baramulla, Kashmir, represents a significant archaeological discovery of a Kushan-era Buddhist complex. Statement 1 is correct as the site dates back to the 1st–3rd century CE, a period when Kashmir flourished as a major center for Buddhist learning under rulers like Kanishka. Statement 2 is correct because its location in North Kashmir placed it along the ancient Silk Route, linking the region with the Gandhara region (modern Afghanistan and Pakistan). This geographical positioning facilitated the movement of monks, ideas, and trade. Statement 3 is correct because scientific mapping and drone surveys have indicated the presence of multiple mounds with evidence of wooden super-structures layered above the platforms. This suggests a complex architectural layout including apsidal chaityas and viharas. Statement 4 is incorrect regarding the primary nature of the discovered complex. While Buddhism in Kashmir began under Ashoka (3rd century BCE), the Zehanpora complex specifically highlights the later flourish of Mahayana Buddhism during the Kushan period. The scale of the Zehanpora site is unique in the region, strengthening the historical narrative of Kashmir as a pivotal hub for monastic activity and the trans-regional spread of Buddhist culture toward Central Asia and China. Incorrect Solution: C The Zehanpora site in Baramulla, Kashmir, represents a significant archaeological discovery of a Kushan-era Buddhist complex. Statement 1 is correct as the site dates back to the 1st–3rd century CE, a period when Kashmir flourished as a major center for Buddhist learning under rulers like Kanishka. Statement 2 is correct because its location in North Kashmir placed it along the ancient Silk Route, linking the region with the Gandhara region (modern Afghanistan and Pakistan). This geographical positioning facilitated the movement of monks, ideas, and trade. Statement 3 is correct because scientific mapping and drone surveys have indicated the presence of multiple mounds with evidence of wooden super-structures layered above the platforms. This suggests a complex architectural layout including apsidal chaityas and viharas. Statement 4 is incorrect regarding the primary nature of the discovered complex. While Buddhism in Kashmir began under Ashoka (3rd century BCE), the Zehanpora complex specifically highlights the later flourish of Mahayana Buddhism during the Kushan period. The scale of the Zehanpora site is unique in the region, strengthening the historical narrative of Kashmir as a pivotal hub for monastic activity and the trans-regional spread of Buddhist culture toward Central Asia and China.

#### 3. Question

With reference to the Zehanpora Stupa recently in news, consider the following statements:

• The site is a large Buddhist complex dating back to the Kushan period.

• It is located along an ancient Silk Route corridor in North Kashmir.

• Excavations have revealed evidence of a wooden super-structure above the stupa mounds.

• The site was primarily a center for Hinayana Buddhist learning under King Ashoka.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: C

• The Zehanpora site in Baramulla, Kashmir, represents a significant archaeological discovery of a Kushan-era Buddhist complex.

• Statement 1 is correct as the site dates back to the 1st–3rd century CE, a period when Kashmir flourished as a major center for Buddhist learning under rulers like Kanishka.

• Statement 2 is correct because its location in North Kashmir placed it along the ancient Silk Route, linking the region with the Gandhara region (modern Afghanistan and Pakistan). This geographical positioning facilitated the movement of monks, ideas, and trade.

• Statement 3 is correct because scientific mapping and drone surveys have indicated the presence of multiple mounds with evidence of wooden super-structures layered above the platforms. This suggests a complex architectural layout including apsidal chaityas and viharas.

• Statement 4 is incorrect regarding the primary nature of the discovered complex. While Buddhism in Kashmir began under Ashoka (3rd century BCE), the Zehanpora complex specifically highlights the later flourish of Mahayana Buddhism during the Kushan period.

• The scale of the Zehanpora site is unique in the region, strengthening the historical narrative of Kashmir as a pivotal hub for monastic activity and the trans-regional spread of Buddhist culture toward Central Asia and China.

Solution: C

• The Zehanpora site in Baramulla, Kashmir, represents a significant archaeological discovery of a Kushan-era Buddhist complex.

• Statement 1 is correct as the site dates back to the 1st–3rd century CE, a period when Kashmir flourished as a major center for Buddhist learning under rulers like Kanishka.

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Communication Technology: It relies exclusively on high-speed 5G mobile networks to exchange data between vehicles. The technology is primarily designed to facilitate fully autonomous vehicle control without driver intervention. It uses a dedicated radio frequency band which requires an active satellite internet connection. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: D Statement 1 is incorrect because V2V technology is network-independent. It does not rely on mobile networks (like 5G or 4G) but uses direct short-range radio signals to allow vehicles to “talk” to one another. Statement 2 is incorrect as the early phases of the rollout are warning-based, intended to alert drivers to hazards rather than providing fully autonomous control. While it can integrate with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) for automatic braking, its primary aim is collision prevention through real-time alerts. Statement 3 is incorrect because V2V communication does not require a satellite internet connection. It uses terrestrial radio frequencies allocated specifically for intelligent transport systems, enabling low-latency, direct vehicle-to-vehicle data exchange even in areas without cellular or satellite coverage. Incorrect Solution: D Statement 1 is incorrect because V2V technology is network-independent. It does not rely on mobile networks (like 5G or 4G) but uses direct short-range radio signals to allow vehicles to “talk” to one another. Statement 2 is incorrect as the early phases of the rollout are warning-based, intended to alert drivers to hazards rather than providing fully autonomous control. While it can integrate with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) for automatic braking, its primary aim is collision prevention through real-time alerts. Statement 3 is incorrect because V2V communication does not require a satellite internet connection. It uses terrestrial radio frequencies allocated specifically for intelligent transport systems, enabling low-latency, direct vehicle-to-vehicle data exchange even in areas without cellular or satellite coverage.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Communication Technology:

• It relies exclusively on high-speed 5G mobile networks to exchange data between vehicles.

• The technology is primarily designed to facilitate fully autonomous vehicle control without driver intervention.

• It uses a dedicated radio frequency band which requires an active satellite internet connection.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: D

• Statement 1 is incorrect because V2V technology is network-independent. It does not rely on mobile networks (like 5G or 4G) but uses direct short-range radio signals to allow vehicles to “talk” to one another.

• Statement 2 is incorrect as the early phases of the rollout are warning-based, intended to alert drivers to hazards rather than providing fully autonomous control. While it can integrate with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) for automatic braking, its primary aim is collision prevention through real-time alerts.

• Statement 3 is incorrect because V2V communication does not require a satellite internet connection. It uses terrestrial radio frequencies allocated specifically for intelligent transport systems, enabling low-latency, direct vehicle-to-vehicle data exchange even in areas without cellular or satellite coverage.

Solution: D

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points With reference to the Kashmir Markhor, consider the following statements: It is a subspecies of wild goat endemic to the Jammu & Kashmir region in India. The species is primarily found in the high mountains of the Eastern Ghats. Kazinag National Park is considered its last major stronghold in India. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B The Kashmir markhor (Capra falconeri) is a majestic wild goat known for its spiral horns. Statement 1 is correct because, within India, this specific subspecies is endemic to the union territory of Jammu & Kashmir. It is a cliff-dwelling animal that has adapted to the rugged terrain of the Himalayas. Statement 2 is incorrect as its habitat is the Pir Panjal range in the Western Himalayas, not the Eastern Ghats. It thrives in steep rocky cliffs, open forests, and alpine meadows. Statement 3 is correct because Kazinag National Park serves as its last significant stronghold, with other populations found in Hirpora and Tattakuti Wildlife Sanctuaries. The species is currently facing local extinction, with an estimated population of only 200–300 individuals. Ecologically, the markhor is a vital indicator of mountain ecosystem health and serves as a primary prey species for predators like the snow leopard and wolves. Their herbivorous diet helps control mountain vegetation. The name “Markhor” is derived from Persian, meaning “snake-killer,” reflecting local folklore. Conservation efforts are critical because their survival is linked to maintaining the delicate balance of the high-altitude Himalayan ecology. Incorrect Solution: B The Kashmir markhor (Capra falconeri) is a majestic wild goat known for its spiral horns. Statement 1 is correct because, within India, this specific subspecies is endemic to the union territory of Jammu & Kashmir. It is a cliff-dwelling animal that has adapted to the rugged terrain of the Himalayas. Statement 2 is incorrect as its habitat is the Pir Panjal range in the Western Himalayas, not the Eastern Ghats. It thrives in steep rocky cliffs, open forests, and alpine meadows. Statement 3 is correct because Kazinag National Park serves as its last significant stronghold, with other populations found in Hirpora and Tattakuti Wildlife Sanctuaries. The species is currently facing local extinction, with an estimated population of only 200–300 individuals. Ecologically, the markhor is a vital indicator of mountain ecosystem health and serves as a primary prey species for predators like the snow leopard and wolves. Their herbivorous diet helps control mountain vegetation. The name “Markhor” is derived from Persian, meaning “snake-killer,” reflecting local folklore. Conservation efforts are critical because their survival is linked to maintaining the delicate balance of the high-altitude Himalayan ecology.

#### 5. Question

With reference to the Kashmir Markhor, consider the following statements:

• It is a subspecies of wild goat endemic to the Jammu & Kashmir region in India.

• The species is primarily found in the high mountains of the Eastern Ghats.

• Kazinag National Park is considered its last major stronghold in India.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• The Kashmir markhor (Capra falconeri) is a majestic wild goat known for its spiral horns. Statement 1 is correct because, within India, this specific subspecies is endemic to the union territory of Jammu & Kashmir. It is a cliff-dwelling animal that has adapted to the rugged terrain of the Himalayas.

• Statement 2 is incorrect as its habitat is the Pir Panjal range in the Western Himalayas, not the Eastern Ghats. It thrives in steep rocky cliffs, open forests, and alpine meadows.

• Statement 3 is correct because Kazinag National Park serves as its last significant stronghold, with other populations found in Hirpora and Tattakuti Wildlife Sanctuaries. The species is currently facing local extinction, with an estimated population of only 200–300 individuals.

• Ecologically, the markhor is a vital indicator of mountain ecosystem health and serves as a primary prey species for predators like the snow leopard and wolves. Their herbivorous diet helps control mountain vegetation.

• The name “Markhor” is derived from Persian, meaning “snake-killer,” reflecting local folklore. Conservation efforts are critical because their survival is linked to maintaining the delicate balance of the high-altitude Himalayan ecology.

Solution: B

• Statement 2 is incorrect as its habitat is the Pir Panjal range in the Western Himalayas, not the Eastern Ghats. It thrives in steep rocky cliffs, open forests, and alpine meadows.

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Which one of the following countries is not a member of the Weimar Triangle? (a) Poland (b) France (c) Germany (d) Italy Correct Solution: D The Weimar Triangle is a trilateral grouping exclusively comprising Poland, France, and Germany. Italy is not a member. The group was formed in 1991, following the end of the Cold War, to foster cooperation between the major powers of Western Europe (France and Germany) and the emerging democracy of Poland. The name originates from the city of Weimar in Germany, where the first meeting took place. The significance of this trilateral format has grown recently, as it provides a platform for these three nations to coordinate on European security, defense, and foreign policy. It is particularly important for aligning the EU’s stance on Russia and the conflict in Ukraine. For Poland, the group has been a vital vehicle for increasing its influence within the EU and NATO. For France and Germany, it is a way to bridge the gap with Central and Eastern European states. India’s recent engagement with the Weimar Triangle format marks a unique diplomatic shift, suggesting that the grouping is becoming a point of contact for external partners looking to engage with the core of European political decision-making. Incorrect Solution: D The Weimar Triangle is a trilateral grouping exclusively comprising Poland, France, and Germany. Italy is not a member. The group was formed in 1991, following the end of the Cold War, to foster cooperation between the major powers of Western Europe (France and Germany) and the emerging democracy of Poland. The name originates from the city of Weimar in Germany, where the first meeting took place. The significance of this trilateral format has grown recently, as it provides a platform for these three nations to coordinate on European security, defense, and foreign policy. It is particularly important for aligning the EU’s stance on Russia and the conflict in Ukraine. For Poland, the group has been a vital vehicle for increasing its influence within the EU and NATO. For France and Germany, it is a way to bridge the gap with Central and Eastern European states. India’s recent engagement with the Weimar Triangle format marks a unique diplomatic shift, suggesting that the grouping is becoming a point of contact for external partners looking to engage with the core of European political decision-making.

#### 6. Question

Which one of the following countries is not a member of the Weimar Triangle?

• (a) Poland

• (b) France

• (c) Germany

Solution: D

• The Weimar Triangle is a trilateral grouping exclusively comprising Poland, France, and Germany. Italy is not a member. The group was formed in 1991, following the end of the Cold War, to foster cooperation between the major powers of Western Europe (France and Germany) and the emerging democracy of Poland. The name originates from the city of Weimar in Germany, where the first meeting took place.

• The significance of this trilateral format has grown recently, as it provides a platform for these three nations to coordinate on European security, defense, and foreign policy. It is particularly important for aligning the EU’s stance on Russia and the conflict in Ukraine.

• For Poland, the group has been a vital vehicle for increasing its influence within the EU and NATO. For France and Germany, it is a way to bridge the gap with Central and Eastern European states.

• India’s recent engagement with the Weimar Triangle format marks a unique diplomatic shift, suggesting that the grouping is becoming a point of contact for external partners looking to engage with the core of European political decision-making.

Solution: D

• For Poland, the group has been a vital vehicle for increasing its influence within the EU and NATO. For France and Germany, it is a way to bridge the gap with Central and Eastern European states.

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding PRAGATI (Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation) platform. Statement I: The PRAGATI platform is considered a tool for strengthening cooperative federalism in India. Statement II: It allows the Prime Minister to directly monitor and resolve issues related to both Central and State government projects. Statement III: All directions issued during PRAGATI meetings are tracked electronically until their final closure. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I (d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct Correct Solution: A Statement I is correct as PRAGATI fosters cooperative federalism by bringing the Centre and States onto a single digital platform to achieve common developmental goals. Statement II is correct and explains Statement I because the presence of the Prime Minister alongside State Chief Secretaries allows for the direct resolution of inter-state and centre-state coordination issues, which is the essence of cooperative federalism. Without this direct communication, projects often get stuck in bureaucratic silos. Statement III is also correct and supports the idea of cooperative federalism by ensuring accountability and outcome-based governance; it isn’t just a discussion forum, but a system where every directive is tracked until completion. This ensures that both the Centre and the States follow through on agreed-upon actions. Incorrect Solution: A Statement I is correct as PRAGATI fosters cooperative federalism by bringing the Centre and States onto a single digital platform to achieve common developmental goals. Statement II is correct and explains Statement I because the presence of the Prime Minister alongside State Chief Secretaries allows for the direct resolution of inter-state and centre-state coordination issues, which is the essence of cooperative federalism. Without this direct communication, projects often get stuck in bureaucratic silos. Statement III is also correct and supports the idea of cooperative federalism by ensuring accountability and outcome-based governance; it isn’t just a discussion forum, but a system where every directive is tracked until completion. This ensures that both the Centre and the States follow through on agreed-upon actions.

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements regarding PRAGATI (Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation) platform.

Statement I: The PRAGATI platform is considered a tool for strengthening cooperative federalism in India.

Statement II: It allows the Prime Minister to directly monitor and resolve issues related to both Central and State government projects.

Statement III: All directions issued during PRAGATI meetings are tracked electronically until their final closure.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I

• (d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct

Solution: A

• Statement I is correct as PRAGATI fosters cooperative federalism by bringing the Centre and States onto a single digital platform to achieve common developmental goals.

• Statement II is correct and explains Statement I because the presence of the Prime Minister alongside State Chief Secretaries allows for the direct resolution of inter-state and centre-state coordination issues, which is the essence of cooperative federalism. Without this direct communication, projects often get stuck in bureaucratic silos.

• Statement III is also correct and supports the idea of cooperative federalism by ensuring accountability and outcome-based governance; it isn’t just a discussion forum, but a system where every directive is tracked until completion. This ensures that both the Centre and the States follow through on agreed-upon actions.

Solution: A

• Statement I is correct as PRAGATI fosters cooperative federalism by bringing the Centre and States onto a single digital platform to achieve common developmental goals.

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Which of the following marine mammals are known to be affected by the Cetacean morbillivirus? Humpback whales Sperm whales Polar bears Pilot whales Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 only (c) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Correct Solution: B Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is a viral pathogen that specifically targets cetaceans, which is a clade of marine mammals comprising whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct as humpback whales, sperm whales, and pilot whales are all cetaceans and have been identified as hosts for the virus. Recent studies in the Arctic specifically detected the virus circulating among humpback and sperm whales. Statement 3 is incorrect; polar bears are marine mammals but they are not cetaceans (they are ursids). While they share the same environment, the morbillivirus in question is genetically adapted to the respiratory and nervous systems of cetaceans. The virus is closely related to canine distemper and measles, suggesting it may have jumped from land to sea in the past. Its detection in the Arctic is a significant finding because it indicates that emerging diseases are reaching pristine environments, possibly due to the migration of infected pods into warming Arctic waters. Incorrect Solution: B Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is a viral pathogen that specifically targets cetaceans, which is a clade of marine mammals comprising whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct as humpback whales, sperm whales, and pilot whales are all cetaceans and have been identified as hosts for the virus. Recent studies in the Arctic specifically detected the virus circulating among humpback and sperm whales. Statement 3 is incorrect; polar bears are marine mammals but they are not cetaceans (they are ursids). While they share the same environment, the morbillivirus in question is genetically adapted to the respiratory and nervous systems of cetaceans. The virus is closely related to canine distemper and measles, suggesting it may have jumped from land to sea in the past. Its detection in the Arctic is a significant finding because it indicates that emerging diseases are reaching pristine environments, possibly due to the migration of infected pods into warming Arctic waters.

#### 8. Question

Which of the following marine mammals are known to be affected by the Cetacean morbillivirus?

• Humpback whales

• Sperm whales

• Polar bears

• Pilot whales

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• (a) 1, 2 and 3 only

• (b) 1, 2 and 4 only

• (c) 2, 3 and 4 only

• (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Solution: B

• Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is a viral pathogen that specifically targets cetaceans, which is a clade of marine mammals comprising whales, dolphins, and porpoises.

• Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct as humpback whales, sperm whales, and pilot whales are all cetaceans and have been identified as hosts for the virus. Recent studies in the Arctic specifically detected the virus circulating among humpback and sperm whales.

• Statement 3 is incorrect; polar bears are marine mammals but they are not cetaceans (they are ursids). While they share the same environment, the morbillivirus in question is genetically adapted to the respiratory and nervous systems of cetaceans. The virus is closely related to canine distemper and measles, suggesting it may have jumped from land to sea in the past.

• Its detection in the Arctic is a significant finding because it indicates that emerging diseases are reaching pristine environments, possibly due to the migration of infected pods into warming Arctic waters.

Solution: B

• Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is a viral pathogen that specifically targets cetaceans, which is a clade of marine mammals comprising whales, dolphins, and porpoises.

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points The “Electronics Components Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS)” is primarily aimed at addressing which of the following challenges in the Indian electronics sector? (a) High cost of labor in the assembly of mobile phones. (b) Lack of software developers for embedded systems. (c) Weak component-level manufacturing and high import dependence. (d) Insufficient marketing of "Made in India" electronics in European markets. Correct Solution: C The primary objective of the Electronics Components Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS) is to strengthen component-level manufacturing, which is currently the “weakest link” in India’s electronics value chain. While India has made strides in the assembly of finished products (like smartphones), it still imports the vast majority of the internal components. By incentivizing the domestic production of items like PCBs, Camera Modules, and Copper-Clad Laminates, MeitY aims to increase Domestic Value Addition (DVA) and integrate Indian manufacturers into Global Value Chains (GVCs). The scheme involves a significant investment (over ₹41,000 crore for recent projects) and is expected to generate nearly 91,600 direct jobs. This move is strategic for national security and economic resilience, ensuring that India is not just an assembler but a full-scale manufacturer of high-tech hardware. It complements the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes by providing the necessary upstream components for the downstream assembly units. Incorrect Solution: C The primary objective of the Electronics Components Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS) is to strengthen component-level manufacturing, which is currently the “weakest link” in India’s electronics value chain. While India has made strides in the assembly of finished products (like smartphones), it still imports the vast majority of the internal components. By incentivizing the domestic production of items like PCBs, Camera Modules, and Copper-Clad Laminates, MeitY aims to increase Domestic Value Addition (DVA) and integrate Indian manufacturers into Global Value Chains (GVCs). The scheme involves a significant investment (over ₹41,000 crore for recent projects) and is expected to generate nearly 91,600 direct jobs. This move is strategic for national security and economic resilience, ensuring that India is not just an assembler but a full-scale manufacturer of high-tech hardware. It complements the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes by providing the necessary upstream components for the downstream assembly units.

#### 9. Question

The “Electronics Components Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS)” is primarily aimed at addressing which of the following challenges in the Indian electronics sector?

• (a) High cost of labor in the assembly of mobile phones.

• (b) Lack of software developers for embedded systems.

• (c) Weak component-level manufacturing and high import dependence.

• (d) Insufficient marketing of "Made in India" electronics in European markets.

Solution: C

• The primary objective of the Electronics Components Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS) is to strengthen component-level manufacturing, which is currently the “weakest link” in India’s electronics value chain. While India has made strides in the assembly of finished products (like smartphones), it still imports the vast majority of the internal components.

• By incentivizing the domestic production of items like PCBs, Camera Modules, and Copper-Clad Laminates, MeitY aims to increase Domestic Value Addition (DVA) and integrate Indian manufacturers into Global Value Chains (GVCs). The scheme involves a significant investment (over ₹41,000 crore for recent projects) and is expected to generate nearly 91,600 direct jobs.

• This move is strategic for national security and economic resilience, ensuring that India is not just an assembler but a full-scale manufacturer of high-tech hardware. It complements the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes by providing the necessary upstream components for the downstream assembly units.

Solution: C

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Red Sea. Statement-I: The Red Sea is one of the world’s most significant hotspots for coral reef biodiversity. Statement-II: The sea was formed by continental rifting between the African and Arabian tectonic plates. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: B Statement-I is correct; the Red Sea is globally renowned for its unique fringing coral reefs and high levels of endemism (species found nowhere else), making it a major biodiversity hotspot. Statement-II is also correct; geologically, the Red Sea is a classic example of a mid-ocean ridge in the making, formed by the divergent boundary between the African and Arabian plates. However, Statement-II is not the direct explanation for the biodiversity described in Statement-I. The biodiversity is primarily a result of the sea’s warm temperature, high salinity, and relative isolation, which allowed unique species to evolve. While the rifting created the physical basin, the biological richness is a factor of the environmental conditions within that basin. Saudi Arabia’s new mandatory beach operator regulations and digital guides are intended to protect this fragile marine ecosystem while promoting sustainable tourism. Incorrect Solution: B Statement-I is correct; the Red Sea is globally renowned for its unique fringing coral reefs and high levels of endemism (species found nowhere else), making it a major biodiversity hotspot. Statement-II is also correct; geologically, the Red Sea is a classic example of a mid-ocean ridge in the making, formed by the divergent boundary between the African and Arabian plates. However, Statement-II is not the direct explanation for the biodiversity described in Statement-I. The biodiversity is primarily a result of the sea’s warm temperature, high salinity, and relative isolation, which allowed unique species to evolve. While the rifting created the physical basin, the biological richness is a factor of the environmental conditions within that basin. Saudi Arabia’s new mandatory beach operator regulations and digital guides are intended to protect this fragile marine ecosystem while promoting sustainable tourism.

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Red Sea.

Statement-I: The Red Sea is one of the world’s most significant hotspots for coral reef biodiversity.

Statement-II: The sea was formed by continental rifting between the African and Arabian tectonic plates.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: B

• Statement-I is correct; the Red Sea is globally renowned for its unique fringing coral reefs and high levels of endemism (species found nowhere else), making it a major biodiversity hotspot.

• Statement-II is also correct; geologically, the Red Sea is a classic example of a mid-ocean ridge in the making, formed by the divergent boundary between the African and Arabian plates.

• However, Statement-II is not the direct explanation for the biodiversity described in Statement-I. The biodiversity is primarily a result of the sea’s warm temperature, high salinity, and relative isolation, which allowed unique species to evolve. While the rifting created the physical basin, the biological richness is a factor of the environmental conditions within that basin.

• Saudi Arabia’s new mandatory beach operator regulations and digital guides are intended to protect this fragile marine ecosystem while promoting sustainable tourism.

Solution: B

• Statement-I is correct; the Red Sea is globally renowned for its unique fringing coral reefs and high levels of endemism (species found nowhere else), making it a major biodiversity hotspot.

• Statement-II is also correct; geologically, the Red Sea is a classic example of a mid-ocean ridge in the making, formed by the divergent boundary between the African and Arabian plates.

• Saudi Arabia’s new mandatory beach operator regulations and digital guides are intended to protect this fragile marine ecosystem while promoting sustainable tourism.

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