UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 11 October 2025

The Current Affairs Quiz is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding India’s National Red List Roadmap: It is a collaborative effort between the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Botanical Survey of India (BSI), and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)-India. The roadmap aims to create a national red-listing system aligned with the global standards set by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The initiative will focus exclusively on the assessment of faunal diversity, excluding flora and marine biodiversity. One of the key features of the roadmap is the integration of traditional knowledge for biodiversity documentation. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: B India’s National Red List Roadmap is a significant step towards a structured and scientific approach to biodiversity conservation. Statement 1 is correct. The roadmap is a collaborative initiative involving key scientific institutions like the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) and the Botanical Survey of India (BSI), in partnership with IUCN-India and the Centre for Species Survival (CSS), India. This collaboration ensures a multidisciplinary and robust approach to species assessment. Statement 2 is incorrect. The roadmap aims to create a national red-listing system that is aligned with the global standards set by the IUCN, not the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). While the initiative will help India fulfill its commitments under the CBD, the standards and methodologies for red-listing are those developed and globally accepted by the IUCN. Statement 3 is incorrect. The roadmap is a comprehensive effort that will assess both flora and fauna, including terrestrial and marine biodiversity. This multi-taxa approach is a first-of-its-kind national effort in India, making the assessment more holistic and representative of the country’s rich biodiversity. Statement 4 is correct. A key feature of the roadmap is the integration of traditional knowledge. This recognizes the valuable contribution of local and indigenous communities in biodiversity conservation and documentation. This community-driven approach will enrich the scientific assessment with grassroot-level insights and foster a more inclusive conservation model. Incorrect Solution: B India’s National Red List Roadmap is a significant step towards a structured and scientific approach to biodiversity conservation. Statement 1 is correct. The roadmap is a collaborative initiative involving key scientific institutions like the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) and the Botanical Survey of India (BSI), in partnership with IUCN-India and the Centre for Species Survival (CSS), India. This collaboration ensures a multidisciplinary and robust approach to species assessment. Statement 2 is incorrect. The roadmap aims to create a national red-listing system that is aligned with the global standards set by the IUCN, not the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). While the initiative will help India fulfill its commitments under the CBD, the standards and methodologies for red-listing are those developed and globally accepted by the IUCN. Statement 3 is incorrect. The roadmap is a comprehensive effort that will assess both flora and fauna, including terrestrial and marine biodiversity. This multi-taxa approach is a first-of-its-kind national effort in India, making the assessment more holistic and representative of the country’s rich biodiversity. Statement 4 is correct. A key feature of the roadmap is the integration of traditional knowledge. This recognizes the valuable contribution of local and indigenous communities in biodiversity conservation and documentation. This community-driven approach will enrich the scientific assessment with grassroot-level insights and foster a more inclusive conservation model.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding India’s National Red List Roadmap:

• It is a collaborative effort between the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Botanical Survey of India (BSI), and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)-India.

• The roadmap aims to create a national red-listing system aligned with the global standards set by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

• The initiative will focus exclusively on the assessment of faunal diversity, excluding flora and marine biodiversity.

• One of the key features of the roadmap is the integration of traditional knowledge for biodiversity documentation.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: B

India’s National Red List Roadmap is a significant step towards a structured and scientific approach to biodiversity conservation.

• Statement 1 is correct. The roadmap is a collaborative initiative involving key scientific institutions like the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) and the Botanical Survey of India (BSI), in partnership with IUCN-India and the Centre for Species Survival (CSS), India. This collaboration ensures a multidisciplinary and robust approach to species assessment.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. The roadmap aims to create a national red-listing system that is aligned with the global standards set by the IUCN, not the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). While the initiative will help India fulfill its commitments under the CBD, the standards and methodologies for red-listing are those developed and globally accepted by the IUCN.

• Statement 3 is incorrect. The roadmap is a comprehensive effort that will assess both flora and fauna, including terrestrial and marine biodiversity. This multi-taxa approach is a first-of-its-kind national effort in India, making the assessment more holistic and representative of the country’s rich biodiversity.

• Statement 4 is correct. A key feature of the roadmap is the integration of traditional knowledge. This recognizes the valuable contribution of local and indigenous communities in biodiversity conservation and documentation. This community-driven approach will enrich the scientific assessment with grassroot-level insights and foster a more inclusive conservation model.

Solution: B

India’s National Red List Roadmap is a significant step towards a structured and scientific approach to biodiversity conservation.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Which of the following statements about the Nobel Prize in Literature is/are correct? The prize is awarded by the Swedish Academy. The recipient must have produced a work in the field of literature in the preceding year. The prize can be awarded to an author for their entire body of work, not just a single piece. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 only (b) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only Correct Solution: D The Nobel Prize in Literature is one of the most prestigious literary awards globally. Statement 1 is correct. The Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded annually by the Swedish Academy, based in Stockholm, Sweden, as per the will of Alfred Nobel. The Academy is an independent cultural institution founded in 1786. Statement 2 is incorrect. Alfred Nobel’s will states that the prize should be given to an author who has produced “in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction”. However, the statutes of the Nobel Foundation interpret this as referring to a writer’s life work. It is not necessary for the work to have been published in the preceding year. Statement 3 is correct. The Nobel Prize in Literature is often awarded for an author’s entire oeuvre, recognizing a lifetime of literary achievement, rather than for a single work. The prize citation for many laureates refers to their overall contribution to literature. For instance, the 2025 prize was awarded to László Krasznahorkai for his dense, philosophical, and apocalyptic prose. Incorrect Solution: D The Nobel Prize in Literature is one of the most prestigious literary awards globally. Statement 1 is correct. The Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded annually by the Swedish Academy, based in Stockholm, Sweden, as per the will of Alfred Nobel. The Academy is an independent cultural institution founded in 1786. Statement 2 is incorrect. Alfred Nobel’s will states that the prize should be given to an author who has produced “in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction”. However, the statutes of the Nobel Foundation interpret this as referring to a writer’s life work. It is not necessary for the work to have been published in the preceding year. Statement 3 is correct. The Nobel Prize in Literature is often awarded for an author’s entire oeuvre, recognizing a lifetime of literary achievement, rather than for a single work. The prize citation for many laureates refers to their overall contribution to literature. For instance, the 2025 prize was awarded to László Krasznahorkai for his dense, philosophical, and apocalyptic prose.

#### 2. Question

Which of the following statements about the Nobel Prize in Literature is/are correct?

• The prize is awarded by the Swedish Academy.

• The recipient must have produced a work in the field of literature in the preceding year.

• The prize can be awarded to an author for their entire body of work, not just a single piece.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 1, 2 and 3

• (c) 2 and 3 only

• (d) 1 and 3 only

Solution: D

The Nobel Prize in Literature is one of the most prestigious literary awards globally.

• Statement 1 is correct. The Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded annually by the Swedish Academy, based in Stockholm, Sweden, as per the will of Alfred Nobel. The Academy is an independent cultural institution founded in 1786.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. Alfred Nobel’s will states that the prize should be given to an author who has produced “in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction”. However, the statutes of the Nobel Foundation interpret this as referring to a writer’s life work. It is not necessary for the work to have been published in the preceding year.

• Statement 3 is correct. The Nobel Prize in Literature is often awarded for an author’s entire oeuvre, recognizing a lifetime of literary achievement, rather than for a single work. The prize citation for many laureates refers to their overall contribution to literature. For instance, the 2025 prize was awarded to László Krasznahorkai for his dense, philosophical, and apocalyptic prose.

Solution: D

The Nobel Prize in Literature is one of the most prestigious literary awards globally.

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the DRAVYA Portal: It is a digital repository developed by the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS). The portal provides information on Ayush medicinal substances sourced exclusively from classical Ayurvedic texts. The platform is designed with an AI-ready architecture and allows for QR code integration. How many of the above statements are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A The DRAVYA (Digitised Retrieval Application for Versatile Yardstick of Ayush) portal is a significant step towards modernizing and standardizing traditional Indian medicine. Statement 1 is correct. The DRAVYA portal has been developed by the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), which is an autonomous body under the Ministry of Ayush, Government of India. CCRAS is the apex body in India for the formulation, coordination, development, and promotion of research on scientific lines in Ayurveda. Statement 2 is incorrect. The DRAVYA portal consolidates information on Ayush medicinal substances from both classical Ayurvedic texts and modern scientific research. This integration of traditional wisdom with contemporary scientific validation is a key feature of the portal, aiming to promote evidence-based research and innovation. Statement 3 is correct. The portal has an AI-ready architecture, which enables advanced data analytics, research mapping, and integration with other digital health tools. It also features QR code integration for use in medicinal plant gardens and drug repositories, allowing for the standardized display of verified information. Incorrect Solution: A The DRAVYA (Digitised Retrieval Application for Versatile Yardstick of Ayush) portal is a significant step towards modernizing and standardizing traditional Indian medicine. Statement 1 is correct. The DRAVYA portal has been developed by the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), which is an autonomous body under the Ministry of Ayush, Government of India. CCRAS is the apex body in India for the formulation, coordination, development, and promotion of research on scientific lines in Ayurveda. Statement 2 is incorrect. The DRAVYA portal consolidates information on Ayush medicinal substances from both classical Ayurvedic texts and modern scientific research. This integration of traditional wisdom with contemporary scientific validation is a key feature of the portal, aiming to promote evidence-based research and innovation. Statement 3 is correct. The portal has an AI-ready architecture, which enables advanced data analytics, research mapping, and integration with other digital health tools. It also features QR code integration for use in medicinal plant gardens and drug repositories, allowing for the standardized display of verified information.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the DRAVYA Portal:

• It is a digital repository developed by the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS).

• The portal provides information on Ayush medicinal substances sourced exclusively from classical Ayurvedic texts.

• The platform is designed with an AI-ready architecture and allows for QR code integration.

How many of the above statements are incorrect?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

The DRAVYA (Digitised Retrieval Application for Versatile Yardstick of Ayush) portal is a significant step towards modernizing and standardizing traditional Indian medicine.

• Statement 1 is correct. The DRAVYA portal has been developed by the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), which is an autonomous body under the Ministry of Ayush, Government of India. CCRAS is the apex body in India for the formulation, coordination, development, and promotion of research on scientific lines in Ayurveda.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. The DRAVYA portal consolidates information on Ayush medicinal substances from both classical Ayurvedic texts and modern scientific research. This integration of traditional wisdom with contemporary scientific validation is a key feature of the portal, aiming to promote evidence-based research and innovation.

• Statement 3 is correct. The portal has an AI-ready architecture, which enables advanced data analytics, research mapping, and integration with other digital health tools. It also features QR code integration for use in medicinal plant gardens and drug repositories, allowing for the standardized display of verified information.

Solution: A

The DRAVYA (Digitised Retrieval Application for Versatile Yardstick of Ayush) portal is a significant step towards modernizing and standardizing traditional Indian medicine.

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points With reference to the ‘Saksham’ Counter-Unmanned Aerial Threat Grid System, which of the following statements is/are correct? It is an indigenously developed system by Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL). The system is designed to operate only as a standalone unit and is not integrated with other air defence networks. It employs both soft kill and hard kill mechanisms to neutralize hostile drones. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3 only Correct Solution: D The ‘Saksham’ (Situational Awareness for Kinetic Soft and Hard Kill Assets Management) system is a critical addition to the Indian Army’s defence capabilities against the growing threat of unmanned aerial systems (UAS). Statement 1 is correct. The ‘Saksham’ system has been indigenously designed and developed by Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), Ghaziabad, in collaboration with the Indian Army’s Corps of Air Defence. This is a testament to India’s growing self-reliance in defence technology. Statement 2 is incorrect. ‘Saksham’ is designed to be a highly integrated system. It seamlessly integrates with the Akashteer System, which is India’s automated air defence command and control network. This integration allows for a unified air picture and a coordinated, swift response to aerial threats. Statement 3 is correct. The system has a dual capability to neutralize threats. It can employ soft kill measures like jamming and spoofing to disrupt the drone’s communication and navigation systems. It can also use hard kill measures, which involve kinetic destruction of the drone using guns or missiles. The choice of kill mechanism is based on the threat level and operational requirements. Incorrect Solution: D The ‘Saksham’ (Situational Awareness for Kinetic Soft and Hard Kill Assets Management) system is a critical addition to the Indian Army’s defence capabilities against the growing threat of unmanned aerial systems (UAS). Statement 1 is correct. The ‘Saksham’ system has been indigenously designed and developed by Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), Ghaziabad, in collaboration with the Indian Army’s Corps of Air Defence. This is a testament to India’s growing self-reliance in defence technology. Statement 2 is incorrect. ‘Saksham’ is designed to be a highly integrated system. It seamlessly integrates with the Akashteer System, which is India’s automated air defence command and control network. This integration allows for a unified air picture and a coordinated, swift response to aerial threats. Statement 3 is correct. The system has a dual capability to neutralize threats. It can employ soft kill measures like jamming and spoofing to disrupt the drone’s communication and navigation systems. It can also use hard kill measures, which involve kinetic destruction of the drone using guns or missiles. The choice of kill mechanism is based on the threat level and operational requirements.

#### 4. Question

With reference to the ‘Saksham’ Counter-Unmanned Aerial Threat Grid System, which of the following statements is/are correct?

• It is an indigenously developed system by Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL).

• The system is designed to operate only as a standalone unit and is not integrated with other air defence networks.

• It employs both soft kill and hard kill mechanisms to neutralize hostile drones.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• (a) 1 and 2 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) 1, 2 and 3

• (d) 1 and 3 only

Solution: D

The ‘Saksham’ (Situational Awareness for Kinetic Soft and Hard Kill Assets Management) system is a critical addition to the Indian Army’s defence capabilities against the growing threat of unmanned aerial systems (UAS).

• Statement 1 is correct. The ‘Saksham’ system has been indigenously designed and developed by Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), Ghaziabad, in collaboration with the Indian Army’s Corps of Air Defence. This is a testament to India’s growing self-reliance in defence technology.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. ‘Saksham’ is designed to be a highly integrated system. It seamlessly integrates with the Akashteer System, which is India’s automated air defence command and control network. This integration allows for a unified air picture and a coordinated, swift response to aerial threats.

• Statement 3 is correct. The system has a dual capability to neutralize threats. It can employ soft kill measures like jamming and spoofing to disrupt the drone’s communication and navigation systems. It can also use hard kill measures, which involve kinetic destruction of the drone using guns or missiles. The choice of kill mechanism is based on the threat level and operational requirements.

Solution: D

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Atacama Desert: Statement I: The Atacama Desert is the driest non-polar desert in the world. Statement II: The presence of the cold Humboldt Current along the coast is a major contributing factor to the aridity of the Atacama Desert. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: A The Atacama Desert is a unique geographical region with extreme climatic conditions. Statement I is correct. The Atacama Desert, located in northern Chile, is widely recognized as the driest non-polar desert on Earth. Some weather stations in the Atacama have never recorded rainfall, and the average rainfall is about 2 mm per year. This extreme aridity makes it a valuable location for astronomical observations and as an analog for Mars exploration. Statement II is correct and is the correct explanation for Statement I. The Humboldt Current, also known as the Peru Current, is a cold, low-salinity ocean current that flows north along the western coast of South America. The cold waters of this current cool the air above it, creating a temperature inversion (cool air near the surface and warmer air above). This prevents the formation of rain-producing clouds, leading to the extreme aridity of the Atacama Desert. The Andes mountains to the east also create a rain shadow effect, further contributing to the dryness. Incorrect Solution: A The Atacama Desert is a unique geographical region with extreme climatic conditions. Statement I is correct. The Atacama Desert, located in northern Chile, is widely recognized as the driest non-polar desert on Earth. Some weather stations in the Atacama have never recorded rainfall, and the average rainfall is about 2 mm per year. This extreme aridity makes it a valuable location for astronomical observations and as an analog for Mars exploration. Statement II is correct and is the correct explanation for Statement I. The Humboldt Current, also known as the Peru Current, is a cold, low-salinity ocean current that flows north along the western coast of South America. The cold waters of this current cool the air above it, creating a temperature inversion (cool air near the surface and warmer air above). This prevents the formation of rain-producing clouds, leading to the extreme aridity of the Atacama Desert. The Andes mountains to the east also create a rain shadow effect, further contributing to the dryness.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Atacama Desert:

Statement I: The Atacama Desert is the driest non-polar desert in the world.

Statement II: The presence of the cold Humboldt Current along the coast is a major contributing factor to the aridity of the Atacama Desert.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: A

The Atacama Desert is a unique geographical region with extreme climatic conditions.

• Statement I is correct. The Atacama Desert, located in northern Chile, is widely recognized as the driest non-polar desert on Earth. Some weather stations in the Atacama have never recorded rainfall, and the average rainfall is about 2 mm per year. This extreme aridity makes it a valuable location for astronomical observations and as an analog for Mars exploration.

Statement II is correct and is the correct explanation for Statement I. The Humboldt Current, also known as the Peru Current, is a cold, low-salinity ocean current that flows north along the western coast of South America. The cold waters of this current cool the air above it, creating a temperature inversion (cool air near the surface and warmer air above). This prevents the formation of rain-producing clouds, leading to the extreme aridity of the Atacama Desert. The Andes mountains to the east also create a rain shadow effect, further contributing to the dryness.

Solution: A

The Atacama Desert is a unique geographical region with extreme climatic conditions.

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Vision 2025–2030 document related to India’s biodiversity conservation: It is a strategic framework aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. The document proposes the establishment of a decentralized network of biodiversity databases. A key target of the vision is the publication of India’s comprehensive Red Data Books by 2030. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B The Vision 2025–2030 document outlines a clear roadmap for India’s biodiversity assessment and conservation efforts. Statement 1 is correct. The Vision 2025–2030 document is a strategic framework that aligns India’s biodiversity conservation goals with major international commitments, including the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF). This ensures that India’s national efforts are in sync with global conservation priorities. Statement 2 is incorrect. The document aims to create a centralised biodiversity database. This centralised system will promote data-driven conservation decisions and strengthen species identification and taxonomy through better collaboration among experts. A decentralized network might lead to data fragmentation and inconsistencies. Statement 3 is correct. A significant target set by the Vision 2025–2030 document is the publication of India’s comprehensive Red Data Books for both flora and fauna by 2030. This will provide a definitive and updated assessment of the conservation status of various species in the country, guiding future conservation action plans. Incorrect Solution: B The Vision 2025–2030 document outlines a clear roadmap for India’s biodiversity assessment and conservation efforts. Statement 1 is correct. The Vision 2025–2030 document is a strategic framework that aligns India’s biodiversity conservation goals with major international commitments, including the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF). This ensures that India’s national efforts are in sync with global conservation priorities. Statement 2 is incorrect. The document aims to create a centralised biodiversity database. This centralised system will promote data-driven conservation decisions and strengthen species identification and taxonomy through better collaboration among experts. A decentralized network might lead to data fragmentation and inconsistencies. Statement 3 is correct. A significant target set by the Vision 2025–2030 document is the publication of India’s comprehensive Red Data Books for both flora and fauna by 2030. This will provide a definitive and updated assessment of the conservation status of various species in the country, guiding future conservation action plans.

#### 6. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Vision 2025–2030 document related to India’s biodiversity conservation:

• It is a strategic framework aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

• The document proposes the establishment of a decentralized network of biodiversity databases.

• A key target of the vision is the publication of India’s comprehensive Red Data Books by 2030.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

The Vision 2025–2030 document outlines a clear roadmap for India’s biodiversity assessment and conservation efforts.

• Statement 1 is correct. The Vision 2025–2030 document is a strategic framework that aligns India’s biodiversity conservation goals with major international commitments, including the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF). This ensures that India’s national efforts are in sync with global conservation priorities.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. The document aims to create a centralised biodiversity database. This centralised system will promote data-driven conservation decisions and strengthen species identification and taxonomy through better collaboration among experts. A decentralized network might lead to data fragmentation and inconsistencies.

• Statement 3 is correct. A significant target set by the Vision 2025–2030 document is the publication of India’s comprehensive Red Data Books for both flora and fauna by 2030. This will provide a definitive and updated assessment of the conservation status of various species in the country, guiding future conservation action plans.

Solution: B

The Vision 2025–2030 document outlines a clear roadmap for India’s biodiversity assessment and conservation efforts.

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding AstroSat: Statement I: AstroSat has significantly contributed to our understanding of black holes and neutron stars. Statement II: The observatory is equipped with payloads like the Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) and the Cadmium–Zinc–Telluride Imager (CZTI). Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: A Statement I is correct. AstroSat has made several significant discoveries since its launch, particularly in the high-energy astrophysics domain. It has been instrumental in studying X-ray binaries, discovering fast-spinning black holes, and conducting X-ray polarization studies, all of which have advanced our understanding of these enigmatic celestial objects. Statement II is also correct. AstroSat carries a suite of five scientific instruments, including the LAXPC and the CZTI, which are designed to observe the universe in the X-ray spectrum. The LAXPC is used for studying the variability of X-ray sources, while the CZTI provides imaging capabilities in the hard X-ray band. Statement II provides the correct explanation for Statement I. Incorrect Solution: A Statement I is correct. AstroSat has made several significant discoveries since its launch, particularly in the high-energy astrophysics domain. It has been instrumental in studying X-ray binaries, discovering fast-spinning black holes, and conducting X-ray polarization studies, all of which have advanced our understanding of these enigmatic celestial objects. Statement II is also correct. AstroSat carries a suite of five scientific instruments, including the LAXPC and the CZTI, which are designed to observe the universe in the X-ray spectrum. The LAXPC is used for studying the variability of X-ray sources, while the CZTI provides imaging capabilities in the hard X-ray band. Statement II provides the correct explanation for Statement I.

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements regarding AstroSat:

Statement I: AstroSat has significantly contributed to our understanding of black holes and neutron stars.

Statement II: The observatory is equipped with payloads like the Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) and the Cadmium–Zinc–Telluride Imager (CZTI).

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: A

• Statement I is correct. AstroSat has made several significant discoveries since its launch, particularly in the high-energy astrophysics domain. It has been instrumental in studying X-ray binaries, discovering fast-spinning black holes, and conducting X-ray polarization studies, all of which have advanced our understanding of these enigmatic celestial objects.

• Statement II is also correct. AstroSat carries a suite of five scientific instruments, including the LAXPC and the CZTI, which are designed to observe the universe in the X-ray spectrum. The LAXPC is used for studying the variability of X-ray sources, while the CZTI provides imaging capabilities in the hard X-ray band.

• Statement II provides the correct explanation for Statement I.

Solution: A

• Statement II provides the correct explanation for Statement I.

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Which of the following locations are given priority for setting up EV charging stations under the new government guidelines? Cities with a population above 1 million. State capitals. High-density corridors. Villages with a population below 10,000. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (c) 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 only Correct Solution: D The government’s guidelines for setting up EV charging stations adopt a strategic approach to maximize the impact and accessibility of the charging network. The focus is on areas with high vehicular traffic and a greater potential for EV adoption. Therefore, priority is given to cities with a population above 1 million, state capitals, and smart cities, as these urban centers are expected to lead the transition to electric mobility. High-density corridors, such as national highways and expressways, are also prioritized to facilitate long-distance travel in EVs. Public transport hubs like railway stations, airports, and bus depots are another key focus area. The guidelines aim to create a dense and reliable charging network in these locations to alleviate range anxiety. Villages with a population below 10,000 are not a primary focus in the initial phase of this scheme, which targets urban and high-traffic areas. Incorrect Solution: D The government’s guidelines for setting up EV charging stations adopt a strategic approach to maximize the impact and accessibility of the charging network. The focus is on areas with high vehicular traffic and a greater potential for EV adoption. Therefore, priority is given to cities with a population above 1 million, state capitals, and smart cities, as these urban centers are expected to lead the transition to electric mobility. High-density corridors, such as national highways and expressways, are also prioritized to facilitate long-distance travel in EVs. Public transport hubs like railway stations, airports, and bus depots are another key focus area. The guidelines aim to create a dense and reliable charging network in these locations to alleviate range anxiety. Villages with a population below 10,000 are not a primary focus in the initial phase of this scheme, which targets urban and high-traffic areas.

#### 8. Question

Which of the following locations are given priority for setting up EV charging stations under the new government guidelines?

• Cities with a population above 1 million.

• State capitals.

• High-density corridors.

• Villages with a population below 10,000.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• (a) 1 and 2 only

• (b) 1, 2, 3 and 4

• (c) 3 and 4 only

• (d) 1, 2 and 3 only

Solution: D

• The government’s guidelines for setting up EV charging stations adopt a strategic approach to maximize the impact and accessibility of the charging network. The focus is on areas with high vehicular traffic and a greater potential for EV adoption. Therefore, priority is given to cities with a population above 1 million, state capitals, and smart cities, as these urban centers are expected to lead the transition to electric mobility. High-density corridors, such as national highways and expressways, are also prioritized to facilitate long-distance travel in EVs.

• Public transport hubs like railway stations, airports, and bus depots are another key focus area. The guidelines aim to create a dense and reliable charging network in these locations to alleviate range anxiety.

• Villages with a population below 10,000 are not a primary focus in the initial phase of this scheme, which targets urban and high-traffic areas.

Solution: D

• Villages with a population below 10,000 are not a primary focus in the initial phase of this scheme, which targets urban and high-traffic areas.

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Foreign Currency Settlement System (FCSS): Statement I: The Foreign Currency Settlement System (FCSS) enhances the operational resilience and liquidity management within GIFT City’s International Financial Services Centre (IFSC). Statement II: The FCSS reduces transaction costs and time by eliminating the dependence on offshore intermediaries for settlements within the IFSC. Statement III: The FCSS is initially launched for the settlement of transactions in multiple currencies, including the US Dollar, Euro, Yen, and Pound Sterling. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I (b) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I (c) Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I (d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct Correct Solution: C The Foreign Currency Settlement System (FCSS) is a game-changer for the financial ecosystem at GIFT IFSC. Statement I is a correct assertion. The FCSS enhances operational resilience and liquidity management. By enabling real-time local settlement, it reduces settlement risk and allows for more efficient use of funds by the participating banks’ IFSC Banking Units (IBUs). Statement II is correct and is a valid explanation for Statement I. By eliminating the need for offshore intermediaries and bypassing the multi-leg Nostro account chains, the FCSS significantly reduces transaction costs and settlement time. This direct, local settlement mechanism is a key reason for the enhanced operational efficiency and resilience mentioned in Statement I. Statement III is incorrect. The FCSS has been initially launched for transactions in the US Dollar (USD). While there are plans to include other currencies like the Euro, Yen, and Pound Sterling in the future, it is not a multi-currency system at its launch. The system is designed to be scalable to accommodate more currencies later. Incorrect Solution: C The Foreign Currency Settlement System (FCSS) is a game-changer for the financial ecosystem at GIFT IFSC. Statement I is a correct assertion. The FCSS enhances operational resilience and liquidity management. By enabling real-time local settlement, it reduces settlement risk and allows for more efficient use of funds by the participating banks’ IFSC Banking Units (IBUs). Statement II is correct and is a valid explanation for Statement I. By eliminating the need for offshore intermediaries and bypassing the multi-leg Nostro account chains, the FCSS significantly reduces transaction costs and settlement time. This direct, local settlement mechanism is a key reason for the enhanced operational efficiency and resilience mentioned in Statement I. Statement III is incorrect. The FCSS has been initially launched for transactions in the US Dollar (USD). While there are plans to include other currencies like the Euro, Yen, and Pound Sterling in the future, it is not a multi-currency system at its launch. The system is designed to be scalable to accommodate more currencies later.

#### 9. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Foreign Currency Settlement System (FCSS):

Statement I: The Foreign Currency Settlement System (FCSS) enhances the operational resilience and liquidity management within GIFT City’s International Financial Services Centre (IFSC).

Statement II: The FCSS reduces transaction costs and time by eliminating the dependence on offshore intermediaries for settlements within the IFSC.

Statement III: The FCSS is initially launched for the settlement of transactions in multiple currencies, including the US Dollar, Euro, Yen, and Pound Sterling.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I

• (b) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I

• (c) Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I

• (d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct

Solution: C

The Foreign Currency Settlement System (FCSS) is a game-changer for the financial ecosystem at GIFT IFSC.

• Statement I is a correct assertion. The FCSS enhances operational resilience and liquidity management. By enabling real-time local settlement, it reduces settlement risk and allows for more efficient use of funds by the participating banks’ IFSC Banking Units (IBUs).

• Statement II is correct and is a valid explanation for Statement I. By eliminating the need for offshore intermediaries and bypassing the multi-leg Nostro account chains, the FCSS significantly reduces transaction costs and settlement time. This direct, local settlement mechanism is a key reason for the enhanced operational efficiency and resilience mentioned in Statement I.

• Statement III is incorrect. The FCSS has been initially launched for transactions in the US Dollar (USD). While there are plans to include other currencies like the Euro, Yen, and Pound Sterling in the future, it is not a multi-currency system at its launch. The system is designed to be scalable to accommodate more currencies later.

Solution: C

The Foreign Currency Settlement System (FCSS) is a game-changer for the financial ecosystem at GIFT IFSC.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Men’s Cricket Asia Cup 2025: The tournament was hosted in the UAE. The final was played between India and Sri Lanka. The matches in the tournament were accorded official T20I status. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is correct. The 17th edition of the Asia Cup in 2025 was hosted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Statement 2 is incorrect. India clinched its record 9th Asia Cup title by defeating Pakistan, not Sri Lanka, in the final. Tilak Varma was named the Man of the Match in the final for his unbeaten knock. Statement 3 is correct. Since 2016, the format of the Asia Cup has been rotated between One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) formats. The 2025 edition was played in the T20I format, and all matches were accorded official T20I status by the International Cricket Council (ICC). Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is correct. The 17th edition of the Asia Cup in 2025 was hosted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Statement 2 is incorrect. India clinched its record 9th Asia Cup title by defeating Pakistan, not Sri Lanka, in the final. Tilak Varma was named the Man of the Match in the final for his unbeaten knock. Statement 3 is correct. Since 2016, the format of the Asia Cup has been rotated between One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) formats. The 2025 edition was played in the T20I format, and all matches were accorded official T20I status by the International Cricket Council (ICC).

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Men’s Cricket Asia Cup 2025:

• The tournament was hosted in the UAE.

• The final was played between India and Sri Lanka.

• The matches in the tournament were accorded official T20I status.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is correct. The 17th edition of the Asia Cup in 2025 was hosted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

• Statement 2 is incorrect. India clinched its record 9th Asia Cup title by defeating Pakistan, not Sri Lanka, in the final. Tilak Varma was named the Man of the Match in the final for his unbeaten knock.

• Statement 3 is correct. Since 2016, the format of the Asia Cup has been rotated between One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) formats. The 2025 edition was played in the T20I format, and all matches were accorded official T20I status by the International Cricket Council (ICC).

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is correct. The 17th edition of the Asia Cup in 2025 was hosted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

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