UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 10 September 2024

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Why is helium considered a non-renewable resource on Earth? a) It is chemically reactive and bonds with other elements easily b) It is continuously consumed in nuclear fusion on Earth c) Once released into the atmosphere, it escapes into space d) It is only found in meteorites Correct Solution: c) Helium is a non-renewable resource on Earth because once it is released into the atmosphere, it escapes into space due to its low atomic mass and inert nature. Helium is primarily obtained from natural gas deposits where it is produced through the radioactive decay of elements like uranium. Because Earth does not have the capacity to retain helium in its atmosphere, the supply of helium is finite, and it cannot be easily replenished, making it a non-renewable resource. Incorrect Solution: c) Helium is a non-renewable resource on Earth because once it is released into the atmosphere, it escapes into space due to its low atomic mass and inert nature. Helium is primarily obtained from natural gas deposits where it is produced through the radioactive decay of elements like uranium. Because Earth does not have the capacity to retain helium in its atmosphere, the supply of helium is finite, and it cannot be easily replenished, making it a non-renewable resource.

#### 1. Question

Why is helium considered a non-renewable resource on Earth?

• a) It is chemically reactive and bonds with other elements easily

• b) It is continuously consumed in nuclear fusion on Earth

• c) Once released into the atmosphere, it escapes into space

• d) It is only found in meteorites

Solution: c)

Helium is a non-renewable resource on Earth because once it is released into the atmosphere, it escapes into space due to its low atomic mass and inert nature. Helium is primarily obtained from natural gas deposits where it is produced through the radioactive decay of elements like uranium. Because Earth does not have the capacity to retain helium in its atmosphere, the supply of helium is finite, and it cannot be easily replenished, making it a non-renewable resource.

Solution: c)

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Which Article of the Constitution provides for the appointment of High Court judges? a) Article 124 b) Article 356 c) Article 226 d) Article 217 Correct Solution: d) Article 217 of the Indian Constitution governs the appointment of judges to the High Courts. The President of India formally appoints High Court judges based on the recommendations of the Collegium system, which includes the High Court Chief Justice and two senior-most judges of the High Court. The system is designed to ensure an independent judiciary by involving senior judges in the appointment process. Article 124 pertains to the appointment of Supreme Court judges, while Article 217 deals specifically with the High Courts. Incorrect Solution: d) Article 217 of the Indian Constitution governs the appointment of judges to the High Courts. The President of India formally appoints High Court judges based on the recommendations of the Collegium system, which includes the High Court Chief Justice and two senior-most judges of the High Court. The system is designed to ensure an independent judiciary by involving senior judges in the appointment process. Article 124 pertains to the appointment of Supreme Court judges, while Article 217 deals specifically with the High Courts.

#### 2. Question

Which Article of the Constitution provides for the appointment of High Court judges?

• a) Article 124

• b) Article 356

• c) Article 226

• d) Article 217

Solution: d)

Article 217 of the Indian Constitution governs the appointment of judges to the High Courts. The President of India formally appoints High Court judges based on the recommendations of the Collegium system, which includes the High Court Chief Justice and two senior-most judges of the High Court.

The system is designed to ensure an independent judiciary by involving senior judges in the appointment process. Article 124 pertains to the appointment of Supreme Court judges, while Article 217 deals specifically with the High Courts.

Solution: d)

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and light pollution: Alzheimer’s Disease is a form of dementia that causes progressive memory and cognitive decline. Light pollution has been linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer’s Disease due to its impact on sleep quality. Which of the above statements is/are incorrect? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: d) Statement 1 is correct because Alzheimer’s Disease is a progressive neurological disorder that leads to memory loss and cognitive decline, primarily affecting older adults. Statement 2 is also correct because light pollution disrupts sleep by interfering with melatonin production, which may contribute to cognitive decline and an increased risk of Alzheimer’s Disease. Incorrect Solution: d) Statement 1 is correct because Alzheimer’s Disease is a progressive neurological disorder that leads to memory loss and cognitive decline, primarily affecting older adults. Statement 2 is also correct because light pollution disrupts sleep by interfering with melatonin production, which may contribute to cognitive decline and an increased risk of Alzheimer’s Disease.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements about Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and light pollution:

• Alzheimer’s Disease is a form of dementia that causes progressive memory and cognitive decline.

• Light pollution has been linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer’s Disease due to its impact on sleep quality.

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: d)

Statement 1 is correct because Alzheimer’s Disease is a progressive neurological disorder that leads to memory loss and cognitive decline, primarily affecting older adults.

Statement 2 is also correct because light pollution disrupts sleep by interfering with melatonin production, which may contribute to cognitive decline and an increased risk of Alzheimer’s Disease.

Solution: d)

Statement 1 is correct because Alzheimer’s Disease is a progressive neurological disorder that leads to memory loss and cognitive decline, primarily affecting older adults.

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points What is the primary goal of planetary protection in space missions? a) To prevent contamination of Earth and other planetary bodies by alien microbes b) To improve the efficiency of spacecraft c) To increase the lifespan of space missions d) To ensure fuel conservation during long space voyages Correct Solution: a) The main objective of planetary protection is to prevent the contamination of both Earth’s biosphere and other celestial bodies by alien microbes or biological material during space missions. This principle ensures that missions do not introduce potentially harmful elements that could disrupt the native environments of celestial bodies or bring back harmful organisms to Earth. The guidelines for planetary protection are established under Article IX of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty. Incorrect Solution: a) The main objective of planetary protection is to prevent the contamination of both Earth’s biosphere and other celestial bodies by alien microbes or biological material during space missions. This principle ensures that missions do not introduce potentially harmful elements that could disrupt the native environments of celestial bodies or bring back harmful organisms to Earth. The guidelines for planetary protection are established under Article IX of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty.

#### 4. Question

What is the primary goal of planetary protection in space missions?

• a) To prevent contamination of Earth and other planetary bodies by alien microbes

• b) To improve the efficiency of spacecraft

• c) To increase the lifespan of space missions

• d) To ensure fuel conservation during long space voyages

Solution: a)

The main objective of planetary protection is to prevent the contamination of both Earth’s biosphere and other celestial bodies by alien microbes or biological material during space missions. This principle ensures that missions do not introduce potentially harmful elements that could disrupt the native environments of celestial bodies or bring back harmful organisms to Earth. The guidelines for planetary protection are established under Article IX of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty.

Solution: a)

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding NIDHI (National Initiative for Developing and Harnessing Innovations): NIDHI was launched by the Ministry of Finance to boost startups across India. NIDHI is implemented through incubators associated with the National Science & Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board (NSTEDB). A key component of NIDHI is NIDHI-iTBI, which focuses on converting innovations into startups. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 2 is correct as NIDHI is implemented through incubators that are associated with the National Science & Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board (NSTEDB), which distributes funds to support startups. Statement 3 is also correct, as a significant component of NIDHI is NIDHI-iTBI, which aims to convert innovations into startups. Statement 1 is incorrect because NIDHI was launched by the Department of Science & Technology (DST), not the Ministry of Finance. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 2 is correct as NIDHI is implemented through incubators that are associated with the National Science & Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board (NSTEDB), which distributes funds to support startups. Statement 3 is also correct, as a significant component of NIDHI is NIDHI-iTBI, which aims to convert innovations into startups. Statement 1 is incorrect because NIDHI was launched by the Department of Science & Technology (DST), not the Ministry of Finance.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding NIDHI (National Initiative for Developing and Harnessing Innovations):

• NIDHI was launched by the Ministry of Finance to boost startups across India.

• NIDHI is implemented through incubators associated with the National Science & Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board (NSTEDB).

• A key component of NIDHI is NIDHI-iTBI, which focuses on converting innovations into startups.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is correct as NIDHI is implemented through incubators that are associated with the National Science & Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board (NSTEDB), which distributes funds to support startups.

Statement 3 is also correct, as a significant component of NIDHI is NIDHI-iTBI, which aims to convert innovations into startups.

Statement 1 is incorrect because NIDHI was launched by the Department of Science & Technology (DST), not the Ministry of Finance.

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is also correct, as a significant component of NIDHI is NIDHI-iTBI, which aims to convert innovations into startups.

Statement 1 is incorrect because NIDHI was launched by the Department of Science & Technology (DST), not the Ministry of Finance.

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Where was helium first detected in 1868? a) In uranium ore on Earth b) In the ocean depths c) In the sunlight during a solar eclipse d) In the atmosphere of Jupiter Correct Solution: c) Helium was first detected in 1868 in the sunlight during a solar eclipse. French astronomer Jules Janssen and English astronomer Norman Lockyer identified a new spectral line while observing the Sun, leading to the discovery of helium, which was named after the Greek word for the Sun, “Helios.” It was later found on Earth in uranium ore, confirming its existence both in space and on Earth. Incorrect Solution: c) Helium was first detected in 1868 in the sunlight during a solar eclipse. French astronomer Jules Janssen and English astronomer Norman Lockyer identified a new spectral line while observing the Sun, leading to the discovery of helium, which was named after the Greek word for the Sun, “Helios.” It was later found on Earth in uranium ore, confirming its existence both in space and on Earth.

#### 6. Question

Where was helium first detected in 1868?

• a) In uranium ore on Earth

• b) In the ocean depths

• c) In the sunlight during a solar eclipse

• d) In the atmosphere of Jupiter

Solution: c)

Helium was first detected in 1868 in the sunlight during a solar eclipse. French astronomer Jules Janssen and English astronomer Norman Lockyer identified a new spectral line while observing the Sun, leading to the discovery of helium, which was named after the Greek word for the Sun, “Helios.” It was later found on Earth in uranium ore, confirming its existence both in space and on Earth.

Solution: c)

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about India’s adherence to planetary protection: India’s Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) was designed to prevent contamination of Mars. India is not a signatory to the Outer Space Treaty but still implements planetary protection measures. ISRO collaborates with global space agencies to enhance planetary protection efforts. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 and 3 only b) 1 and 2 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: a) Statement 1 is correct as India’s Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) was designed with planetary protection measures to avoid contaminating Mars. Statement 3 is also correct because ISRO collaborates with international space agencies to share best practices and enhance planetary protection efforts. Statement 2 is incorrect because India is a signatory to the Outer Space Treaty and follows its planetary protection guidelines. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement 1 is correct as India’s Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) was designed with planetary protection measures to avoid contaminating Mars. Statement 3 is also correct because ISRO collaborates with international space agencies to share best practices and enhance planetary protection efforts. Statement 2 is incorrect because India is a signatory to the Outer Space Treaty and follows its planetary protection guidelines.

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements about India’s adherence to planetary protection:

• India’s Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) was designed to prevent contamination of Mars.

• India is not a signatory to the Outer Space Treaty but still implements planetary protection measures.

• ISRO collaborates with global space agencies to enhance planetary protection efforts.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• a) 1 and 3 only

• b) 1 and 2 only

• c) 2 and 3 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: a)

Statement 1 is correct as India’s Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) was designed with planetary protection measures to avoid contaminating Mars.

Statement 3 is also correct because ISRO collaborates with international space agencies to share best practices and enhance planetary protection efforts.

Statement 2 is incorrect because India is a signatory to the Outer Space Treaty and follows its planetary protection guidelines.

Solution: a)

Statement 1 is correct as India’s Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) was designed with planetary protection measures to avoid contaminating Mars.

Statement 3 is also correct because ISRO collaborates with international space agencies to share best practices and enhance planetary protection efforts.

Statement 2 is incorrect because India is a signatory to the Outer Space Treaty and follows its planetary protection guidelines.

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding judicial appointments in India: The content of the consultation process in the Collegium system is open to judicial review. The Supreme Court Collegium plays a role in recommending appointments of High Court judges. The President of India is bound by the Collegium’s recommendations for judicial appointments. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is correct because the Supreme Court Collegium does play a role in recommending appointments of High Court judges, particularly when the elevation of a High Court judge to the Supreme Court or the transfer of High Court judges is considered. Statement 1 is incorrect because the content of the consultation in the Collegium system is not open to judicial review, though the process of “effective consultation” may fall within judicial scrutiny. Statement 3 is correct. The collegium system of appointment (and transfer) of judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts was laid down by a nine-judge Bench of the Supreme Court in Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association vs Union of India (1993), commonly known as the Second Judges Case. The ruling made the recommendations of the SC collegium binding on the Centre, and gave the power to appoint and transfer judges of the higher judiciary to the judiciary. Under the collegium system, judges choose judges — and while the government can delay their appointments, it cannot reject the collegium’s choice. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is correct because the Supreme Court Collegium does play a role in recommending appointments of High Court judges, particularly when the elevation of a High Court judge to the Supreme Court or the transfer of High Court judges is considered. Statement 1 is incorrect because the content of the consultation in the Collegium system is not open to judicial review, though the process of “effective consultation” may fall within judicial scrutiny. Statement 3 is correct. The collegium system of appointment (and transfer) of judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts was laid down by a nine-judge Bench of the Supreme Court in Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association vs Union of India (1993), commonly known as the Second Judges Case. The ruling made the recommendations of the SC collegium binding on the Centre, and gave the power to appoint and transfer judges of the higher judiciary to the judiciary. Under the collegium system, judges choose judges — and while the government can delay their appointments, it cannot reject the collegium’s choice.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements regarding judicial appointments in India:

• The content of the consultation process in the Collegium system is open to judicial review.

• The Supreme Court Collegium plays a role in recommending appointments of High Court judges.

• The President of India is bound by the Collegium’s recommendations for judicial appointments.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

Statement 2 is correct because the Supreme Court Collegium does play a role in recommending appointments of High Court judges, particularly when the elevation of a High Court judge to the Supreme Court or the transfer of High Court judges is considered.

Statement 1 is incorrect because the content of the consultation in the Collegium system is not open to judicial review, though the process of “effective consultation” may fall within judicial scrutiny.

Statement 3 is correct.

The collegium system of appointment (and transfer) of judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts was laid down by a nine-judge Bench of the Supreme Court in Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association vs Union of India (1993), commonly known as the Second Judges Case. The ruling made the recommendations of the SC collegium binding on the Centre, and gave the power to appoint and transfer judges of the higher judiciary to the judiciary. Under the collegium system, judges choose judges — and while the government can delay their appointments, it cannot reject the collegium’s choice.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

Statement 3 is correct.

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Collegium system: The Collegium system was established through judgments of the Supreme Court. The Collegium system introduced open competition for the appointment of judges. The appointment of the Chief Justice of India considers the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct as the Collegium system evolved through judgments of the Supreme Court, specifically from the Second Judges Case (1993). Statement 3 is correct as the appointment of the Chief Justice of India considers the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court. Statement 2 is incorrect because the Collegium system does not introduce open competition for judicial appointments but is instead a closed consultation process. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct as the Collegium system evolved through judgments of the Supreme Court, specifically from the Second Judges Case (1993). Statement 3 is correct as the appointment of the Chief Justice of India considers the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court. Statement 2 is incorrect because the Collegium system does not introduce open competition for judicial appointments but is instead a closed consultation process.

#### 9. Question

Consider the following statements about the Collegium system:

• The Collegium system was established through judgments of the Supreme Court.

• The Collegium system introduced open competition for the appointment of judges.

• The appointment of the Chief Justice of India considers the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct as the Collegium system evolved through judgments of the Supreme Court, specifically from the Second Judges Case (1993).

Statement 3 is correct as the appointment of the Chief Justice of India considers the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court.

Statement 2 is incorrect because the Collegium system does not introduce open competition for judicial appointments but is instead a closed consultation process.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct as the Collegium system evolved through judgments of the Supreme Court, specifically from the Second Judges Case (1993).

Statement 3 is correct as the appointment of the Chief Justice of India considers the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court.

Statement 2 is incorrect because the Collegium system does not introduce open competition for judicial appointments but is instead a closed consultation process.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about helium: Helium is primarily produced on Earth through nuclear fusion in stars. Helium is a rare gas on Earth and is mainly produced through the radioactive decay of uranium. Helium is widely used in cryogenics and MRI scanners due to its low boiling point. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: b) Statement 2 is correct as helium is rare on Earth and is primarily produced through the radioactive decay of elements like uranium. Statement 3 is also correct because helium’s low boiling point makes it essential for use in cryogenics and MRI scanners. Statement 1 is incorrect because nuclear fusion in stars produces helium in space, but helium found on Earth is mostly produced through the radioactive decay of heavy elements like uranium and thorium, not through nuclear fusion. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 2 is correct as helium is rare on Earth and is primarily produced through the radioactive decay of elements like uranium. Statement 3 is also correct because helium’s low boiling point makes it essential for use in cryogenics and MRI scanners. Statement 1 is incorrect because nuclear fusion in stars produces helium in space, but helium found on Earth is mostly produced through the radioactive decay of heavy elements like uranium and thorium, not through nuclear fusion.

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements about helium:

• Helium is primarily produced on Earth through nuclear fusion in stars.

• Helium is a rare gas on Earth and is mainly produced through the radioactive decay of uranium.

• Helium is widely used in cryogenics and MRI scanners due to its low boiling point.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• b) 2 and 3 only

• c) 1 and 3 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is correct as helium is rare on Earth and is primarily produced through the radioactive decay of elements like uranium.

Statement 3 is also correct because helium’s low boiling point makes it essential for use in cryogenics and MRI scanners.

Statement 1 is incorrect because nuclear fusion in stars produces helium in space, but helium found on Earth is mostly produced through the radioactive decay of heavy elements like uranium and thorium, not through nuclear fusion.

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is correct as helium is rare on Earth and is primarily produced through the radioactive decay of elements like uranium.

Statement 3 is also correct because helium’s low boiling point makes it essential for use in cryogenics and MRI scanners.

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