UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 1 March 2025

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Strait of Gibraltar: The Strait of Gibraltar connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. It lies between the southern tip of Spain and northern Morocco. It plays a key role in connecting the Black Sea with the Mediterranean Sea. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The Strait of Gibraltar connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean and lies between Spain and Morocco. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Bosporus Strait, not the Strait of Gibraltar, connects the Black Sea with the Mediterranean Sea. Incorrect Solution: b) Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The Strait of Gibraltar connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean and lies between Spain and Morocco. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Bosporus Strait, not the Strait of Gibraltar, connects the Black Sea with the Mediterranean Sea.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Strait of Gibraltar:

• The Strait of Gibraltar connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.

• It lies between the southern tip of Spain and northern Morocco.

• It plays a key role in connecting the Black Sea with the Mediterranean Sea.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The Strait of Gibraltar connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean and lies between Spain and Morocco. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Bosporus Strait, not the Strait of Gibraltar, connects the Black Sea with the Mediterranean Sea.

Solution: b)

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: India accounts for 2% of the global rare disease burden. Thalassemia and Muscular Dystrophy are examples of rare diseases in India. Rare diseases in India are usually detected within two years of birth. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect: India accounts for 25% of the global rare disease burden, with 9-10 crore people affected. Statement 2 is correct: Thalassemia and Muscular Dystrophy are both listed as rare diseases in the image. Statement 3 is incorrect because the average time to diagnose rare diseases in India is 4.8 years, much longer than two years. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect: India accounts for 25% of the global rare disease burden, with 9-10 crore people affected. Statement 2 is correct: Thalassemia and Muscular Dystrophy are both listed as rare diseases in the image. Statement 3 is incorrect because the average time to diagnose rare diseases in India is 4.8 years, much longer than two years.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements:

• India accounts for 2% of the global rare disease burden.

• Thalassemia and Muscular Dystrophy are examples of rare diseases in India.

• Rare diseases in India are usually detected within two years of birth.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect: India accounts for 25% of the global rare disease burden, with 9-10 crore people affected.

Statement 2 is correct: Thalassemia and Muscular Dystrophy are both listed as rare diseases in the image.

Statement 3 is incorrect because the average time to diagnose rare diseases in India is 4.8 years, much longer than two years.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect: India accounts for 25% of the global rare disease burden, with 9-10 crore people affected.

Statement 2 is correct: Thalassemia and Muscular Dystrophy are both listed as rare diseases in the image.

Statement 3 is incorrect because the average time to diagnose rare diseases in India is 4.8 years, much longer than two years.

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Which country in the Middle East shares borders with the most seas and water bodies? a) Iran b) Turkey c) Saudi Arabia d) Egypt Correct Solution: b) Turkey shares borders with the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and Aegean Sea, giving it access to multiple water bodies. Incorrect Solution: b) Turkey shares borders with the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and Aegean Sea, giving it access to multiple water bodies.

#### 3. Question

Which country in the Middle East shares borders with the most seas and water bodies?

• c) Saudi Arabia

Solution: b)

Turkey shares borders with the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and Aegean Sea, giving it access to multiple water bodies.

Solution: b)

Turkey shares borders with the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and Aegean Sea, giving it access to multiple water bodies.

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Match the following rare diseases with their corresponding types: Rare Diseases Descriptions 1. Thalassemia a. Genetic disorder affecting oxygen transport in the blood 2. Acquired Aplastic Anaemia b. Condition where the bone marrow fails to produce blood cells 3. Paediatric Cardiomyopathy c. Disease affecting the muscles of the heart a) 1-a, 2-c, 3-b b) 1-b, 2-c, 3-a c) 1-c, 2-b, 3-a d) 1-a, 2-b, 3-c Correct Solution: d) Thalassemia is a genetic disorder that affects the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells. Acquired Aplastic Anaemia is a condition where the bone marrow stops producing enough blood cells. Paediatric Cardiomyopathy is a disease that affects the heart muscles in children Incorrect Solution: d) Thalassemia is a genetic disorder that affects the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells. Acquired Aplastic Anaemia is a condition where the bone marrow stops producing enough blood cells. Paediatric Cardiomyopathy is a disease that affects the heart muscles in children

#### 4. Question

Match the following rare diseases with their corresponding types:

Rare Diseases | Descriptions

1.Thalassemia | a. Genetic disorder affecting oxygen transport in the blood
2.Acquired Aplastic Anaemia | b. Condition where the bone marrow fails to produce blood cells
3.Paediatric Cardiomyopathy | c. Disease affecting the muscles of the heart

• a) 1-a, 2-c, 3-b

• b) 1-b, 2-c, 3-a

• c) 1-c, 2-b, 3-a

• d) 1-a, 2-b, 3-c

Solution: d)

Thalassemia is a genetic disorder that affects the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells. Acquired Aplastic Anaemia is a condition where the bone marrow stops producing enough blood cells.

Paediatric Cardiomyopathy is a disease that affects the heart muscles in children

Solution: d)

Thalassemia is a genetic disorder that affects the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells. Acquired Aplastic Anaemia is a condition where the bone marrow stops producing enough blood cells.

Paediatric Cardiomyopathy is a disease that affects the heart muscles in children

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the criteria for appointment of the Chief Justice of India (CJI): The CJI can be appointed based on a rotation policy from different regional Supreme Court benches. Merit and integrity are considered alongside seniority in CJI appointments. The CJI is selected by a committee of sitting Supreme Court judges and then recommended to the President. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect because there is no rotation policy for appointing the CJI based on regional Supreme Court benches. The appointment is based primarily on seniority and the outgoing CJI’s recommendation. Statement 2 is correct, as factors like merit and integrity, along with seniority, are considered when making the recommendation. This was evident in past appointments where the consideration of these factors led to certain judges being recommended or passed over. Statement 3 is incorrect because the selection of the CJI is not made by a committee of Supreme Court judges. Instead, the outgoing CJI recommends the senior-most judge to the President, following established conventions. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect because there is no rotation policy for appointing the CJI based on regional Supreme Court benches. The appointment is based primarily on seniority and the outgoing CJI’s recommendation. Statement 2 is correct, as factors like merit and integrity, along with seniority, are considered when making the recommendation. This was evident in past appointments where the consideration of these factors led to certain judges being recommended or passed over. Statement 3 is incorrect because the selection of the CJI is not made by a committee of Supreme Court judges. Instead, the outgoing CJI recommends the senior-most judge to the President, following established conventions.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the criteria for appointment of the Chief Justice of India (CJI):

• The CJI can be appointed based on a rotation policy from different regional Supreme Court benches.

• Merit and integrity are considered alongside seniority in CJI appointments.

• The CJI is selected by a committee of sitting Supreme Court judges and then recommended to the President.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect because there is no rotation policy for appointing the CJI based on regional Supreme Court benches. The appointment is based primarily on seniority and the outgoing CJI’s recommendation.

Statement 2 is correct, as factors like merit and integrity, along with seniority, are considered when making the recommendation. This was evident in past appointments where the consideration of these factors led to certain judges being recommended or passed over.

Statement 3 is incorrect because the selection of the CJI is not made by a committee of Supreme Court judges. Instead, the outgoing CJI recommends the senior-most judge to the President, following established conventions.

Solution: b)

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the functioning of atomic clocks: Quartz crystal oscillators are essential components of atomic clocks. Atomic clocks primarily depend on the vibration of caesium atoms for timekeeping. Atomic clocks compare the vibrations of atoms with that of quartz oscillators to maintain precision. Atomic clocks are less accurate than GPS satellites in time measurement. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) Only three d) All four Correct Solution: c) Quartz crystal oscillators are also essential components of atomic clocks, providing a base frequency that is later compared to the atomic transitions, so statement 1 is correct. Atomic clocks rely on the vibration of caesium atoms (or other atoms like hydrogen or rubidium) for their precise timekeeping, making statement 2 correct. Statement 3 is also correct, as atomic clocks compare the consistent frequency of atom vibrations with quartz oscillators to ensure precision in time measurement. Statement 4 is incorrect because atomic clocks are more accurate than the clocks in GPS satellites. In fact, GPS satellites use atomic clocks to maintain the precision required for navigation. Topic Information Atomic Clock An atomic clock is a highly accurate timekeeping device that combines a quartz crystal oscillator with an atom, typically caesium or hydrogen, to measure time precisely. It uses the consistent frequency of atoms to maintain accurate time, making it more stable than conventional quartz clocks. It was Invented in 1955 by Louise Essen. It combines a quartz crystal oscillator with an atom for precise timekeeping. Types of Atomic Clocks Caesium and hydrogen maser atomic clocks Hydrogen maser clocks are more accurate and used in scientific research. Working Quartz crystal oscillators are commonly used in modern clocks, vibrating at a precise frequency when voltage is applied. However, they become slightly slow every hour and require frequent adjustments. Atomic clocks are like super accurate timekeepers. They use special atoms, usually caesium atoms, which vibrate at a very steady rate. By sending microwaves to these atoms, we can make them vibrate even more regularly. Then, we compare these vibrations with the vibrations of a quartz crystal in a regular clock. The most advanced atomic clocks lose just one second every 300 billion years. Incorrect Solution: c) Quartz crystal oscillators are also essential components of atomic clocks, providing a base frequency that is later compared to the atomic transitions, so statement 1 is correct. Atomic clocks rely on the vibration of caesium atoms (or other atoms like hydrogen or rubidium) for their precise timekeeping, making statement 2 correct. Statement 3 is also correct, as atomic clocks compare the consistent frequency of atom vibrations with quartz oscillators to ensure precision in time measurement. Statement 4 is incorrect because atomic clocks are more accurate than the clocks in GPS satellites. In fact, GPS satellites use atomic clocks to maintain the precision required for navigation. Topic Information Atomic Clock An atomic clock is a highly accurate timekeeping device that combines a quartz crystal oscillator with an atom, typically caesium or hydrogen, to measure time precisely. It uses the consistent frequency of atoms to maintain accurate time, making it more stable than conventional quartz clocks. It was Invented in 1955 by Louise Essen. It combines a quartz crystal oscillator with an atom for precise timekeeping. Types of Atomic Clocks Caesium and hydrogen maser atomic clocks Hydrogen maser clocks are more accurate and used in scientific research. Working Quartz crystal oscillators are commonly used in modern clocks, vibrating at a precise frequency when voltage is applied. However, they become slightly slow every hour and require frequent adjustments. Atomic clocks are like super accurate timekeepers. They use special atoms, usually caesium atoms, which vibrate at a very steady rate. By sending microwaves to these atoms, we can make them vibrate even more regularly. Then, we compare these vibrations with the vibrations of a quartz crystal in a regular clock. The most advanced atomic clocks lose just one second every 300 billion years.

#### 6. Question

Consider the following statements about the functioning of atomic clocks:

• Quartz crystal oscillators are essential components of atomic clocks.

• Atomic clocks primarily depend on the vibration of caesium atoms for timekeeping.

• Atomic clocks compare the vibrations of atoms with that of quartz oscillators to maintain precision.

• Atomic clocks are less accurate than GPS satellites in time measurement.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) Only three

• d) All four

Solution: c)

Quartz crystal oscillators are also essential components of atomic clocks, providing a base frequency that is later compared to the atomic transitions, so statement 1 is correct.

Atomic clocks rely on the vibration of caesium atoms (or other atoms like hydrogen or rubidium) for their precise timekeeping, making statement 2 correct.

Statement 3 is also correct, as atomic clocks compare the consistent frequency of atom vibrations with quartz oscillators to ensure precision in time measurement.

Statement 4 is incorrect because atomic clocks are more accurate than the clocks in GPS satellites. In fact, GPS satellites use atomic clocks to maintain the precision required for navigation.

Topic | Information

Atomic Clock | An atomic clock is a highly accurate timekeeping device that combines a quartz crystal oscillator with an atom, typically caesium or hydrogen, to measure time precisely. It uses the consistent frequency of atoms to maintain accurate time, making it more stable than conventional quartz clocks.

It was Invented in 1955 by Louise Essen. It combines a quartz crystal oscillator with an atom for precise timekeeping.

Types of Atomic Clocks | Caesium and hydrogen maser atomic clocks

Hydrogen maser clocks are more accurate and used in scientific research.

Working | Quartz crystal oscillators are commonly used in modern clocks, vibrating at a precise frequency when voltage is applied. However, they become slightly slow every hour and require frequent adjustments.

Atomic clocks are like super accurate timekeepers. They use special atoms, usually caesium atoms, which vibrate at a very steady rate. By sending microwaves to these atoms, we can make them vibrate even more regularly. Then, we compare these vibrations with the vibrations of a quartz crystal in a regular clock. The most advanced atomic clocks lose just one second every 300 billion years.

Solution: c)

Quartz crystal oscillators are also essential components of atomic clocks, providing a base frequency that is later compared to the atomic transitions, so statement 1 is correct.

Atomic clocks rely on the vibration of caesium atoms (or other atoms like hydrogen or rubidium) for their precise timekeeping, making statement 2 correct.

Statement 3 is also correct, as atomic clocks compare the consistent frequency of atom vibrations with quartz oscillators to ensure precision in time measurement.

Topic | Information

It was Invented in 1955 by Louise Essen. It combines a quartz crystal oscillator with an atom for precise timekeeping.

Types of Atomic Clocks | Caesium and hydrogen maser atomic clocks

Hydrogen maser clocks are more accurate and used in scientific research.

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Which of the following statements about the Global Stocktake and its relation to nuclear energy is incorrect? a) Nuclear energy is seen as a key component in enhancing climate ambition by providing low-carbon electricity. b) Nuclear energy was included in the Global Stocktake for the first time at COP28 in 2023. c) The Global Stocktake’s primary focus is on monitoring fossil fuel consumption and reducing coal usage. d) The Global Stocktake assesses the progress of national contributions towards the Paris Agreement’s goals. Correct Solution: c) The Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement aims to assess the collective progress of all nations in meeting the climate goals, not just fossil fuel consumption or coal reduction. While these are essential aspects, the Stocktake covers a broader scope, including evaluating low-carbon technologies such as nuclear energy, which was included in COP28 for its role in addressing climate change and providing stable low-carbon electricity. Incorrect Solution: c) The Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement aims to assess the collective progress of all nations in meeting the climate goals, not just fossil fuel consumption or coal reduction. While these are essential aspects, the Stocktake covers a broader scope, including evaluating low-carbon technologies such as nuclear energy, which was included in COP28 for its role in addressing climate change and providing stable low-carbon electricity.

#### 7. Question

Which of the following statements about the Global Stocktake and its relation to nuclear energy is incorrect?

• a) Nuclear energy is seen as a key component in enhancing climate ambition by providing low-carbon electricity.

• b) Nuclear energy was included in the Global Stocktake for the first time at COP28 in 2023.

• c) The Global Stocktake’s primary focus is on monitoring fossil fuel consumption and reducing coal usage.

• d) The Global Stocktake assesses the progress of national contributions towards the Paris Agreement’s goals.

Solution: c)

The Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement aims to assess the collective progress of all nations in meeting the climate goals, not just fossil fuel consumption or coal reduction. While these are essential aspects, the Stocktake covers a broader scope, including evaluating low-carbon technologies such as nuclear energy, which was included in COP28 for its role in addressing climate change and providing stable low-carbon electricity.

Solution: c)

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the protection offered by GI registration in India: The GI tag helps to protect products against unauthorized use by individuals or entities outside the registered geographic area. GI registration helps promote exports by enhancing the marketability of products linked to their origin. A GI tag can be transferred or assigned to other producers outside the geographical region. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct as the GI tag helps protect products from unauthorized use by individuals or producers outside the specified geographical area, thus preserving the unique identity and reputation of the product. Statement 2 is also correct because the GI tag enhances the marketability and export potential of products by linking them to a specific origin known for quality and distinctiveness. Statement 3 is incorrect because a GI tag cannot be transferred or assigned to other producers outside the defined geographical region. GIs are tied to the location of production and the qualities associated with that region. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct as the GI tag helps protect products from unauthorized use by individuals or producers outside the specified geographical area, thus preserving the unique identity and reputation of the product. Statement 2 is also correct because the GI tag enhances the marketability and export potential of products by linking them to a specific origin known for quality and distinctiveness. Statement 3 is incorrect because a GI tag cannot be transferred or assigned to other producers outside the defined geographical region. GIs are tied to the location of production and the qualities associated with that region.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements about the protection offered by GI registration in India:

• The GI tag helps to protect products against unauthorized use by individuals or entities outside the registered geographic area.

• GI registration helps promote exports by enhancing the marketability of products linked to their origin.

• A GI tag can be transferred or assigned to other producers outside the geographical region.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

• Statement 1 is correct as the GI tag helps protect products from unauthorized use by individuals or producers outside the specified geographical area, thus preserving the unique identity and reputation of the product.

• Statement 2 is also correct because the GI tag enhances the marketability and export potential of products by linking them to a specific origin known for quality and distinctiveness.

• Statement 3 is incorrect because a GI tag cannot be transferred or assigned to other producers outside the defined geographical region. GIs are tied to the location of production and the qualities associated with that region.

Solution: b)

• Statement 2 is also correct because the GI tag enhances the marketability and export potential of products by linking them to a specific origin known for quality and distinctiveness.

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD): USSD works only in 4G and 5G networks. USSD does not require an internet connection to function. USSD messages are limited to 182 characters. USSD can be used for various mobile services, including banking and call forwarding. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 2, 3, and 4 only c) 1, 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect because USSD works on 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G networks, providing a versatile option that does not require the advanced data capabilities of 4G or 5G. USSD is a technology that allows users to interact with service providers over a GSM network without needing an internet connection, making it accessible even on basic mobile phones. This makes Statement 2 correct. Statement 3 is correct, as USSD messages are limited to 182 characters, which is enough for basic information exchange or quick commands. Statement 4 is correct, since USSD is widely used for various mobile services such as mobile banking, checking account balances, recharging prepaid accounts, and enabling features like call forwarding. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect because USSD works on 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G networks, providing a versatile option that does not require the advanced data capabilities of 4G or 5G. USSD is a technology that allows users to interact with service providers over a GSM network without needing an internet connection, making it accessible even on basic mobile phones. This makes Statement 2 correct. Statement 3 is correct, as USSD messages are limited to 182 characters, which is enough for basic information exchange or quick commands. Statement 4 is correct, since USSD is widely used for various mobile services such as mobile banking, checking account balances, recharging prepaid accounts, and enabling features like call forwarding.

#### 9. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD):

• USSD works only in 4G and 5G networks.

• USSD does not require an internet connection to function.

• USSD messages are limited to 182 characters.

• USSD can be used for various mobile services, including banking and call forwarding.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) 1 and 2 only

• b) 2, 3, and 4 only

• c) 1, 2 and 3 only

• d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect because USSD works on 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G networks, providing a versatile option that does not require the advanced data capabilities of 4G or 5G.

USSD is a technology that allows users to interact with service providers over a GSM network without needing an internet connection, making it accessible even on basic mobile phones. This makes Statement 2 correct.

Statement 3 is correct, as USSD messages are limited to 182 characters, which is enough for basic information exchange or quick commands.

Statement 4 is correct, since USSD is widely used for various mobile services such as mobile banking, checking account balances, recharging prepaid accounts, and enabling features like call forwarding.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect because USSD works on 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G networks, providing a versatile option that does not require the advanced data capabilities of 4G or 5G.

Statement 3 is correct, as USSD messages are limited to 182 characters, which is enough for basic information exchange or quick commands.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Which of the following statements is incorrect about how a hydrogen fuel cell works? a) The only byproducts of the fuel cell reaction are water vapor and heat. b) Electrons flow from the anode to the cathode through the electrolyte, generating an electric current. c) Water is formed at the cathode by combining protons, electrons, and oxygen from the air. d) Hydrogen molecules are split into protons and electrons at the anode of the fuel cell. Correct Solution: b) In a hydrogen fuel cell, hydrogen molecules are split into protons and electrons at the anode (Statement a). The electrons do not travel through the electrolyte; instead, they flow from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit, creating an electric current. The electrolyte selectively allows only the protons (positively charged particles) to pass through it to the cathode, ensuring that electrons take the external path to generate usable electricity. At the cathode, protons, electrons, and oxygen from the air combine to form water (Statement c), producing water vapor and heat as byproducts (Statement d). This efficient process of generating electricity with minimal byproducts makes hydrogen fuel cells a promising clean energy source. Incorrect Solution: b) In a hydrogen fuel cell, hydrogen molecules are split into protons and electrons at the anode (Statement a). The electrons do not travel through the electrolyte; instead, they flow from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit, creating an electric current. The electrolyte selectively allows only the protons (positively charged particles) to pass through it to the cathode, ensuring that electrons take the external path to generate usable electricity. At the cathode, protons, electrons, and oxygen from the air combine to form water (Statement c), producing water vapor and heat as byproducts (Statement d). This efficient process of generating electricity with minimal byproducts makes hydrogen fuel cells a promising clean energy source.

#### 10. Question

Which of the following statements is incorrect about how a hydrogen fuel cell works?

• a) The only byproducts of the fuel cell reaction are water vapor and heat.

• b) Electrons flow from the anode to the cathode through the electrolyte, generating an electric current.

• c) Water is formed at the cathode by combining protons, electrons, and oxygen from the air.

• d) Hydrogen molecules are split into protons and electrons at the anode of the fuel cell.

Solution: b)

In a hydrogen fuel cell, hydrogen molecules are split into protons and electrons at the anode (Statement a).

The electrons do not travel through the electrolyte; instead, they flow from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit, creating an electric current. The electrolyte selectively allows only the protons (positively charged particles) to pass through it to the cathode, ensuring that electrons take the external path to generate usable electricity.

At the cathode, protons, electrons, and oxygen from the air combine to form water (Statement c), producing water vapor and heat as byproducts (Statement d). This efficient process of generating electricity with minimal byproducts makes hydrogen fuel cells a promising clean energy source.

Solution: b)

In a hydrogen fuel cell, hydrogen molecules are split into protons and electrons at the anode (Statement a).

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