UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 1 July 2025

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points With reference to the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), consider the following statements: It operates under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI). The Field Operations Division (FOD) is responsible for data collection across the country. The Data Processing Division (DPD) is tasked with the technical planning and design of the surveys. It publishes a journal named ‘Sarvekshana’ that disseminates survey results and related research. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: C Statement 1 is correct. The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) is the primary body for conducting large-scale socio-economic surveys in India and functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI). Statement 2 is correct. The Field Operations Division (FOD) is the data collection arm of the NSSO. It has a vast network of field offices spread across the country and its personnel are responsible for conducting the surveys and collecting primary data from households and enterprises. Statement 3 is incorrect. The responsibility for technical planning and survey design lies with the Survey Design & Research Division (SDRD), which is based in Kolkata. The Data Processing Division (DPD) is responsible for processing the collected data, including data validation, tabulation, and software development. Statement 4 is correct. The Survey Coordination Division (SCD) of the NSSO coordinates all its activities and is also responsible for publishing the bi-annual technical journal ‘Sarvekshana’, which contains survey results and articles on statistical methodology. Incorrect Solution: C Statement 1 is correct. The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) is the primary body for conducting large-scale socio-economic surveys in India and functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI). Statement 2 is correct. The Field Operations Division (FOD) is the data collection arm of the NSSO. It has a vast network of field offices spread across the country and its personnel are responsible for conducting the surveys and collecting primary data from households and enterprises. Statement 3 is incorrect. The responsibility for technical planning and survey design lies with the Survey Design & Research Division (SDRD), which is based in Kolkata. The Data Processing Division (DPD) is responsible for processing the collected data, including data validation, tabulation, and software development. Statement 4 is correct. The Survey Coordination Division (SCD) of the NSSO coordinates all its activities and is also responsible for publishing the bi-annual technical journal ‘Sarvekshana’, which contains survey results and articles on statistical methodology.

#### 1. Question

With reference to the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), consider the following statements:

• It operates under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).

• The Field Operations Division (FOD) is responsible for data collection across the country.

• The Data Processing Division (DPD) is tasked with the technical planning and design of the surveys.

• It publishes a journal named ‘Sarvekshana’ that disseminates survey results and related research.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: C

• Statement 1 is correct. The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) is the primary body for conducting large-scale socio-economic surveys in India and functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).

• Statement 2 is correct. The Field Operations Division (FOD) is the data collection arm of the NSSO. It has a vast network of field offices spread across the country and its personnel are responsible for conducting the surveys and collecting primary data from households and enterprises.

• Statement 3 is incorrect. The responsibility for technical planning and survey design lies with the Survey Design & Research Division (SDRD), which is based in Kolkata. The Data Processing Division (DPD) is responsible for processing the collected data, including data validation, tabulation, and software development.

• Statement 4 is correct. The Survey Coordination Division (SCD) of the NSSO coordinates all its activities and is also responsible for publishing the bi-annual technical journal ‘Sarvekshana’, which contains survey results and articles on statistical methodology.

Solution: C

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Revised Guidelines under the Biomass Programme launched by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE): The programme provides Central Financial Assistance (CFA) for setting up biomass briquette/pellet manufacturing units and biomass-based cogeneration projects. For cogeneration projects, the maximum financial assistance is capped at ₹5 crore per project. All projects must incorporate IoT-based remote monitoring systems, and subsidies are applicable to both new and refurbished equipment. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is correct. The primary objective of the programme is to promote the bioenergy sector by financially supporting the establishment of briquette/pellet manufacturing plants and industrial cogeneration projects that use non-bagasse biomass. Statement 2 is correct. The guidelines specify the Central Financial Assistance (CFA) structure. For biomass-based cogeneration projects, the support is ₹40 lakh per megawatt, with a maximum limit of ₹5 crore for any single project. Similarly, for briquette/pellet plants, the assistance is ₹9 lakh per MTPH (Metric Tonne Per Hour) capacity, up to a maximum of ₹45 lakh per plant. Statement 3 is incorrect. While the guidelines mandate the implementation of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) or IoT-based remote monitoring for transparency and effective tracking, they explicitly state that the subsidy is available only for new equipment. This condition is to ensure that the financial assistance promotes fresh investment in modern and efficient technology rather than supporting older, potentially less efficient, refurbished machinery. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is correct. The primary objective of the programme is to promote the bioenergy sector by financially supporting the establishment of briquette/pellet manufacturing plants and industrial cogeneration projects that use non-bagasse biomass. Statement 2 is correct. The guidelines specify the Central Financial Assistance (CFA) structure. For biomass-based cogeneration projects, the support is ₹40 lakh per megawatt, with a maximum limit of ₹5 crore for any single project. Similarly, for briquette/pellet plants, the assistance is ₹9 lakh per MTPH (Metric Tonne Per Hour) capacity, up to a maximum of ₹45 lakh per plant. Statement 3 is incorrect. While the guidelines mandate the implementation of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) or IoT-based remote monitoring for transparency and effective tracking, they explicitly state that the subsidy is available only for new equipment. This condition is to ensure that the financial assistance promotes fresh investment in modern and efficient technology rather than supporting older, potentially less efficient, refurbished machinery.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements about the Revised Guidelines under the Biomass Programme launched by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE):

• The programme provides Central Financial Assistance (CFA) for setting up biomass briquette/pellet manufacturing units and biomass-based cogeneration projects.

• For cogeneration projects, the maximum financial assistance is capped at ₹5 crore per project.

• All projects must incorporate IoT-based remote monitoring systems, and subsidies are applicable to both new and refurbished equipment.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is correct. The primary objective of the programme is to promote the bioenergy sector by financially supporting the establishment of briquette/pellet manufacturing plants and industrial cogeneration projects that use non-bagasse biomass.

• Statement 2 is correct. The guidelines specify the Central Financial Assistance (CFA) structure. For biomass-based cogeneration projects, the support is ₹40 lakh per megawatt, with a maximum limit of ₹5 crore for any single project. Similarly, for briquette/pellet plants, the assistance is ₹9 lakh per MTPH (Metric Tonne Per Hour) capacity, up to a maximum of ₹45 lakh per plant.

Statement 3 is incorrect. While the guidelines mandate the implementation of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) or IoT-based remote monitoring for transparency and effective tracking, they explicitly state that the subsidy is available only for new equipment. This condition is to ensure that the financial assistance promotes fresh investment in modern and efficient technology rather than supporting older, potentially less efficient, refurbished machinery.

Solution: B

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the India Energy Stack (IES): It is a Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) developed by the NITI Aayog to modernize the power sector. A key feature is the establishment of a Utility Intelligence Platform (UIP) to provide analytics for DISCOMs and policymakers. The IES framework mandates real-time, consent-based data sharing among all stakeholders. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect. The India Energy Stack (IES) initiative is being spearheaded by the Ministry of Power, not NITI Aayog. While NITI Aayog is involved in energy policy, the specific development and conceptualization of this Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) falls under the purview of the Ministry of Power. Statement 2 is correct. A crucial component of the IES is the Utility Intelligence Platform (UIP). This is envisioned as a modular application built upon the stack’s foundation. Its purpose is to leverage the data flowing through the IES to provide actionable insights, analytics, and decision-support tools for power distribution companies (DISCOMs), policymakers, and even consumers, thereby improving efficiency and planning. Statement 3 is correct. A fundamental principle of the IES is to enable a secure and transparent data ecosystem. It aims to facilitate real-time, consent-based data sharing. This means that data exchange between consumers, utilities, and other stakeholders will be instantaneous, secure, and will require explicit permission, mirroring the consent architecture of platforms like UPI. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect. The India Energy Stack (IES) initiative is being spearheaded by the Ministry of Power, not NITI Aayog. While NITI Aayog is involved in energy policy, the specific development and conceptualization of this Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) falls under the purview of the Ministry of Power. Statement 2 is correct. A crucial component of the IES is the Utility Intelligence Platform (UIP). This is envisioned as a modular application built upon the stack’s foundation. Its purpose is to leverage the data flowing through the IES to provide actionable insights, analytics, and decision-support tools for power distribution companies (DISCOMs), policymakers, and even consumers, thereby improving efficiency and planning. Statement 3 is correct. A fundamental principle of the IES is to enable a secure and transparent data ecosystem. It aims to facilitate real-time, consent-based data sharing. This means that data exchange between consumers, utilities, and other stakeholders will be instantaneous, secure, and will require explicit permission, mirroring the consent architecture of platforms like UPI.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the India Energy Stack (IES):

• It is a Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) developed by the NITI Aayog to modernize the power sector.

• A key feature is the establishment of a Utility Intelligence Platform (UIP) to provide analytics for DISCOMs and policymakers.

• The IES framework mandates real-time, consent-based data sharing among all stakeholders.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The India Energy Stack (IES) initiative is being spearheaded by the Ministry of Power, not NITI Aayog. While NITI Aayog is involved in energy policy, the specific development and conceptualization of this Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) falls under the purview of the Ministry of Power.

• Statement 2 is correct. A crucial component of the IES is the Utility Intelligence Platform (UIP). This is envisioned as a modular application built upon the stack’s foundation. Its purpose is to leverage the data flowing through the IES to provide actionable insights, analytics, and decision-support tools for power distribution companies (DISCOMs), policymakers, and even consumers, thereby improving efficiency and planning.

Statement 3 is correct. A fundamental principle of the IES is to enable a secure and transparent data ecosystem. It aims to facilitate real-time, consent-based data sharing. This means that data exchange between consumers, utilities, and other stakeholders will be instantaneous, secure, and will require explicit permission, mirroring the consent architecture of platforms like UPI.

Solution: B

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points With reference to the National Turmeric Board, consider the following statements: It is a statutory body headquartered in Nizamabad, Telangana. It operates exclusively under the administrative control of the Ministry of AYUSH. The governing body includes representatives from turmeric-producing states, farmers, and exporters. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only Correct Solution: D Statement 1 is correct. The National Turmeric Board is a statutory body, established by the Government of India. Its headquarters is located in Nizamabad, Telangana, which is a major turmeric production hub and is often referred to as the “Turmeric Capital of India.” Statement 2 is incorrect. The board does not operate exclusively under the Ministry of AYUSH. It functions under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. However, it works in close coordination with several other ministries, including the Ministry of AYUSH, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, Ministry of Pharmaceuticals, and Ministry of Cooperation, to ensure a holistic approach to the development of the turmeric sector. Statement 3 is correct. The composition of the Board’s governing body is designed to be inclusive and representative of the entire value chain. It is mandated to include members from the concerned central government ministries, representatives from key turmeric-producing states, turmeric farmers, exporters, and research institutions to ensure all stakeholder interests are addressed. Incorrect Solution: D Statement 1 is correct. The National Turmeric Board is a statutory body, established by the Government of India. Its headquarters is located in Nizamabad, Telangana, which is a major turmeric production hub and is often referred to as the “Turmeric Capital of India.” Statement 2 is incorrect. The board does not operate exclusively under the Ministry of AYUSH. It functions under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. However, it works in close coordination with several other ministries, including the Ministry of AYUSH, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, Ministry of Pharmaceuticals, and Ministry of Cooperation, to ensure a holistic approach to the development of the turmeric sector. Statement 3 is correct. The composition of the Board’s governing body is designed to be inclusive and representative of the entire value chain. It is mandated to include members from the concerned central government ministries, representatives from key turmeric-producing states, turmeric farmers, exporters, and research institutions to ensure all stakeholder interests are addressed.

#### 4. Question

With reference to the National Turmeric Board, consider the following statements:

• It is a statutory body headquartered in Nizamabad, Telangana.

• It operates exclusively under the administrative control of the Ministry of AYUSH.

• The governing body includes representatives from turmeric-producing states, farmers, and exporters.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 1, 2 and 3

• (c) 2 and 3 only

• (d) 1 and 3 only

Solution: D

• Statement 1 is correct. The National Turmeric Board is a statutory body, established by the Government of India. Its headquarters is located in Nizamabad, Telangana, which is a major turmeric production hub and is often referred to as the “Turmeric Capital of India.”

• Statement 2 is incorrect. The board does not operate exclusively under the Ministry of AYUSH. It functions under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. However, it works in close coordination with several other ministries, including the Ministry of AYUSH, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, Ministry of Pharmaceuticals, and Ministry of Cooperation, to ensure a holistic approach to the development of the turmeric sector.

Statement 3 is correct. The composition of the Board’s governing body is designed to be inclusive and representative of the entire value chain. It is mandated to include members from the concerned central government ministries, representatives from key turmeric-producing states, turmeric farmers, exporters, and research institutions to ensure all stakeholder interests are addressed.

Solution: D

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the National Sample Survey (NSS): The NSS undertakes the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) to assess the performance of the industrial sector. It was launched in 1950 under the guidance of Professor P.C. Mahalanobis. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: C Statement 1 is correct. Besides its well-known large-scale socio-economic household surveys, a key responsibility of the NSSO is conducting the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI). The ASI is the principal source of industrial statistics in India, providing comprehensive data on the organised manufacturing sector’s growth, composition, and structure. Statement 2 is correct. The National Sample Survey (NSS) was established in 1950. The vision and technical framework for this pioneering data collection program were provided by Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, who is widely regarded as the architect of the Indian statistical system. Incorrect Solution: C Statement 1 is correct. Besides its well-known large-scale socio-economic household surveys, a key responsibility of the NSSO is conducting the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI). The ASI is the principal source of industrial statistics in India, providing comprehensive data on the organised manufacturing sector’s growth, composition, and structure. Statement 2 is correct. The National Sample Survey (NSS) was established in 1950. The vision and technical framework for this pioneering data collection program were provided by Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, who is widely regarded as the architect of the Indian statistical system.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements about the National Sample Survey (NSS):

• The NSS undertakes the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) to assess the performance of the industrial sector.

• It was launched in 1950 under the guidance of Professor P.C. Mahalanobis.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: C

• Statement 1 is correct. Besides its well-known large-scale socio-economic household surveys, a key responsibility of the NSSO is conducting the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI). The ASI is the principal source of industrial statistics in India, providing comprehensive data on the organised manufacturing sector’s growth, composition, and structure.

Statement 2 is correct. The National Sample Survey (NSS) was established in 1950. The vision and technical framework for this pioneering data collection program were provided by Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, who is widely regarded as the architect of the Indian statistical system.

Solution: C

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Regarding the recent archaeological discovery at Lakhapar in Gujarat, consider the following statements: The excavated burial site belongs to the Mature Harappan phase, characterized by urban settlements. A key finding is a human burial containing pottery associated with the Chalcolithic cultures of Saurashtra. The architectural remains at the site were built using baked bricks, typical of Harappan city planning. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect. The discovery at Lakhapar is dated to c. 3300–2600 BCE, which corresponds to the Early Harappan phase, a pre-urban period. It provides insights into the formative stages of the civilization, not the Mature Harappan phase (c. 2600-1900 BCE) known for its large cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. Statement 2 is correct. One of the most significant findings at Lakhapar is a human burial that included Pre-Prabhas style pottery. This ceramic type directly links the inhabitants of this Early Harappan site with the contemporaneous Chalcolithic (copper-stone age) cultures of the Saurashtra region, suggesting significant cultural interaction and exchange between these groups. Statement 3 is incorrect. The architectural structures found at the site, while indicating planned construction, were made of sandstone and shale, not baked bricks. The extensive use of baked bricks is a hallmark of the later, Mature Harappan urban centres. The use of local stone reflects the building traditions of the Early Harappan phase in this region. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect. The discovery at Lakhapar is dated to c. 3300–2600 BCE, which corresponds to the Early Harappan phase, a pre-urban period. It provides insights into the formative stages of the civilization, not the Mature Harappan phase (c. 2600-1900 BCE) known for its large cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. Statement 2 is correct. One of the most significant findings at Lakhapar is a human burial that included Pre-Prabhas style pottery. This ceramic type directly links the inhabitants of this Early Harappan site with the contemporaneous Chalcolithic (copper-stone age) cultures of the Saurashtra region, suggesting significant cultural interaction and exchange between these groups. Statement 3 is incorrect. The architectural structures found at the site, while indicating planned construction, were made of sandstone and shale, not baked bricks. The extensive use of baked bricks is a hallmark of the later, Mature Harappan urban centres. The use of local stone reflects the building traditions of the Early Harappan phase in this region.

#### 6. Question

Regarding the recent archaeological discovery at Lakhapar in Gujarat, consider the following statements:

• The excavated burial site belongs to the Mature Harappan phase, characterized by urban settlements.

• A key finding is a human burial containing pottery associated with the Chalcolithic cultures of Saurashtra.

• The architectural remains at the site were built using baked bricks, typical of Harappan city planning.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The discovery at Lakhapar is dated to c. 3300–2600 BCE, which corresponds to the Early Harappan phase, a pre-urban period. It provides insights into the formative stages of the civilization, not the Mature Harappan phase (c. 2600-1900 BCE) known for its large cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa.

• Statement 2 is correct. One of the most significant findings at Lakhapar is a human burial that included Pre-Prabhas style pottery. This ceramic type directly links the inhabitants of this Early Harappan site with the contemporaneous Chalcolithic (copper-stone age) cultures of the Saurashtra region, suggesting significant cultural interaction and exchange between these groups.

• Statement 3 is incorrect. The architectural structures found at the site, while indicating planned construction, were made of sandstone and shale, not baked bricks. The extensive use of baked bricks is a hallmark of the later, Mature Harappan urban centres. The use of local stone reflects the building traditions of the Early Harappan phase in this region.

Solution: A

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the mobile e-voting system recently implemented in Bihar: Statement I: The system allows voters to cast their ballot remotely using a mobile application, eliminating the need to be physically present at a polling booth. Statement II: To ensure the integrity of the voting process, the system employs blockchain technology and biometric verification through facial recognition. Statement III: The mobile application and the underlying system were developed by the Election Commission of India in collaboration with IIT Madras. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Statement I and Statement II are correct (b) Statement II and Statement III are correct (c) Statement I and Statement III are correct (d) Statement I, II and III are correct Correct Solution: A Statement I is correct. The core objective and function of the E-SECBHR mobile app-based voting system is to provide a platform for remote voting. This is specifically designed to enhance voter turnout by enabling eligible citizens, especially the elderly, persons with disabilities, and others who face mobility challenges, to vote conveniently from their location on election day. Statement II is correct. Security and prevention of tampering are critical for any voting system. The Bihar model incorporates advanced security features. It uses blockchain technology to ensure that every vote is securely and immutably recorded. Furthermore, it utilizes facial recognition as a biometric method to verify the identity of the voter against the electoral roll data, preventing fraudulent voting. Statement III is incorrect. The e-voting application and the supporting system were developed by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), which is an autonomous scientific society of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India. The project was not developed by the Election Commission of India or IIT Madras. Incorrect Solution: A Statement I is correct. The core objective and function of the E-SECBHR mobile app-based voting system is to provide a platform for remote voting. This is specifically designed to enhance voter turnout by enabling eligible citizens, especially the elderly, persons with disabilities, and others who face mobility challenges, to vote conveniently from their location on election day. Statement II is correct. Security and prevention of tampering are critical for any voting system. The Bihar model incorporates advanced security features. It uses blockchain technology to ensure that every vote is securely and immutably recorded. Furthermore, it utilizes facial recognition as a biometric method to verify the identity of the voter against the electoral roll data, preventing fraudulent voting. Statement III is incorrect. The e-voting application and the supporting system were developed by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), which is an autonomous scientific society of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India. The project was not developed by the Election Commission of India or IIT Madras.

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the mobile e-voting system recently implemented in Bihar:

Statement I: The system allows voters to cast their ballot remotely using a mobile application, eliminating the need to be physically present at a polling booth.

Statement II: To ensure the integrity of the voting process, the system employs blockchain technology and biometric verification through facial recognition.

Statement III: The mobile application and the underlying system were developed by the Election Commission of India in collaboration with IIT Madras.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Statement I and Statement II are correct

• (b) Statement II and Statement III are correct

• (c) Statement I and Statement III are correct

• (d) Statement I, II and III are correct

Solution: A

• Statement I is correct. The core objective and function of the E-SECBHR mobile app-based voting system is to provide a platform for remote voting. This is specifically designed to enhance voter turnout by enabling eligible citizens, especially the elderly, persons with disabilities, and others who face mobility challenges, to vote conveniently from their location on election day.

• Statement II is correct. Security and prevention of tampering are critical for any voting system. The Bihar model incorporates advanced security features. It uses blockchain technology to ensure that every vote is securely and immutably recorded. Furthermore, it utilizes facial recognition as a biometric method to verify the identity of the voter against the electoral roll data, preventing fraudulent voting.

• Statement III is incorrect. The e-voting application and the supporting system were developed by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), which is an autonomous scientific society of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India. The project was not developed by the Election Commission of India or IIT Madras.

Solution: A

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Sariska Tiger Reserve: It is located in the Aravalli Hills and is a part of the Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forest ecoregion. It holds the distinction of being the first tiger reserve in the world to successfully relocate tigers after they were locally extinct. The reserve was declared a wildlife sanctuary after being included in Project Tiger. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is correct. Sariska Tiger Reserve is situated in the Aravalli Hills in Alwar, Rajasthan. Ecologically, it falls within the Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forest ecoregion, characterized by scrub-thorn and dry deciduous forests. Statement 2 is correct. Sariska faced a major conservation crisis when its entire tiger population was wiped out by poaching, with official confirmation of local extinction in 2005. Subsequently, in 2008, a pioneering effort was made to relocate tigers from Ranthambore Tiger Reserve to Sariska. This program became a globally recognized success story for re-establishing a tiger population in a reserve where it had been extirpated. Statement 3 is incorrect. The chronological order is reversed. Sariska was first declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1958. It was later, in 1978, that it was brought under the ambit of Project Tiger and designated as a tiger reserve. It was subsequently given National Park status in 1982. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is correct. Sariska Tiger Reserve is situated in the Aravalli Hills in Alwar, Rajasthan. Ecologically, it falls within the Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forest ecoregion, characterized by scrub-thorn and dry deciduous forests. Statement 2 is correct. Sariska faced a major conservation crisis when its entire tiger population was wiped out by poaching, with official confirmation of local extinction in 2005. Subsequently, in 2008, a pioneering effort was made to relocate tigers from Ranthambore Tiger Reserve to Sariska. This program became a globally recognized success story for re-establishing a tiger population in a reserve where it had been extirpated. Statement 3 is incorrect. The chronological order is reversed. Sariska was first declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1958. It was later, in 1978, that it was brought under the ambit of Project Tiger and designated as a tiger reserve. It was subsequently given National Park status in 1982.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Sariska Tiger Reserve:

• It is located in the Aravalli Hills and is a part of the Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forest ecoregion.

• It holds the distinction of being the first tiger reserve in the world to successfully relocate tigers after they were locally extinct.

• The reserve was declared a wildlife sanctuary after being included in Project Tiger.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is correct. Sariska Tiger Reserve is situated in the Aravalli Hills in Alwar, Rajasthan. Ecologically, it falls within the Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forest ecoregion, characterized by scrub-thorn and dry deciduous forests.

• Statement 2 is correct. Sariska faced a major conservation crisis when its entire tiger population was wiped out by poaching, with official confirmation of local extinction in 2005. Subsequently, in 2008, a pioneering effort was made to relocate tigers from Ranthambore Tiger Reserve to Sariska. This program became a globally recognized success story for re-establishing a tiger population in a reserve where it had been extirpated.

• Statement 3 is incorrect. The chronological order is reversed. Sariska was first declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1958. It was later, in 1978, that it was brought under the ambit of Project Tiger and designated as a tiger reserve. It was subsequently given National Park status in 1982.

Solution: B

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points C. Mahalanobis is renowned for his contributions that shaped modern India. In which of the following areas did he make a pioneering contribution? Designing a multivariate statistical measure to identify variations in data. Architecting India’s first household sample survey system. Formulating a heavy-industry-led model for India’s economic planning. Developing statistical solutions for flood management in Bengal and Odisha. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Correct Solution: D Contribution 1 is correct. He developed the Mahalanobis Distance (D2), a highly influential multivariate statistical measure used to determine the similarity between two data distributions and to identify outliers. Contribution 2 is correct. He was the chief architect of the National Sample Survey (NSS), which was a revolutionary step in governance. It established a scientific and systematic method for collecting socio-economic data through large-scale sample surveys, making India a world leader in this field. Contribution 3 is correct. He was the key intellectual force behind India’s Second Five-Year Plan. The plan was based on the Mahalanobis model, which prioritized investments in the heavy industrial sector to build a strong capital base for the Indian economy. Contribution 4 is correct. Early in his career, he applied statistical methods to practical problems. His studies on flood control in Bengal and Odisha were instrumental in demonstrating the inefficacy of certain proposed infrastructure projects, thereby saving significant public funds and providing a data-based approach to flood management. Incorrect Solution: D Contribution 1 is correct. He developed the Mahalanobis Distance (D2), a highly influential multivariate statistical measure used to determine the similarity between two data distributions and to identify outliers. Contribution 2 is correct. He was the chief architect of the National Sample Survey (NSS), which was a revolutionary step in governance. It established a scientific and systematic method for collecting socio-economic data through large-scale sample surveys, making India a world leader in this field. Contribution 3 is correct. He was the key intellectual force behind India’s Second Five-Year Plan. The plan was based on the Mahalanobis model, which prioritized investments in the heavy industrial sector to build a strong capital base for the Indian economy. Contribution 4 is correct. Early in his career, he applied statistical methods to practical problems. His studies on flood control in Bengal and Odisha were instrumental in demonstrating the inefficacy of certain proposed infrastructure projects, thereby saving significant public funds and providing a data-based approach to flood management.

#### 9. Question

C. Mahalanobis is renowned for his contributions that shaped modern India. In which of the following areas did he make a pioneering contribution?

• Designing a multivariate statistical measure to identify variations in data.

• Architecting India’s first household sample survey system.

• Formulating a heavy-industry-led model for India’s economic planning.

• Developing statistical solutions for flood management in Bengal and Odisha.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• (a) 1 and 2 only

• (b) 1, 3 and 4 only

• (c) 2 and 3 only

• (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Solution: D

• Contribution 1 is correct. He developed the Mahalanobis Distance (D2), a highly influential multivariate statistical measure used to determine the similarity between two data distributions and to identify outliers.

• Contribution 2 is correct. He was the chief architect of the National Sample Survey (NSS), which was a revolutionary step in governance. It established a scientific and systematic method for collecting socio-economic data through large-scale sample surveys, making India a world leader in this field.

• Contribution 3 is correct. He was the key intellectual force behind India’s Second Five-Year Plan. The plan was based on the Mahalanobis model, which prioritized investments in the heavy industrial sector to build a strong capital base for the Indian economy.

• Contribution 4 is correct. Early in his career, he applied statistical methods to practical problems. His studies on flood control in Bengal and Odisha were instrumental in demonstrating the inefficacy of certain proposed infrastructure projects, thereby saving significant public funds and providing a data-based approach to flood management.

Solution: D

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Which of the following best describes the role of the Chairperson of the Estimates Committee? (a) The Chairperson is elected by the members of the committee through a secret ballot. (b) The Chairperson is always the seniormost member of the committee from the ruling party. (c) The Chairperson is appointed by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha from amongst the members of the committee. (d) The Chairperson is appointed by the President of India on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. Correct Solution: C The procedure for the leadership of the Estimates Committee is clearly defined in the Rules of Procedure of the Lok Sabha. The Chairperson of the Committee is appointed by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. The Speaker makes this appointment from amongst the 30 members who have been elected to the committee. By convention, the Chairperson is usually from the ruling party, but this is a convention, not a rule. The Speaker has the final authority. Incorrect Solution: C The procedure for the leadership of the Estimates Committee is clearly defined in the Rules of Procedure of the Lok Sabha. The Chairperson of the Committee is appointed by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. The Speaker makes this appointment from amongst the 30 members who have been elected to the committee. By convention, the Chairperson is usually from the ruling party, but this is a convention, not a rule. The Speaker has the final authority.

#### 10. Question

Which of the following best describes the role of the Chairperson of the Estimates Committee?

• (a) The Chairperson is elected by the members of the committee through a secret ballot.

• (b) The Chairperson is always the seniormost member of the committee from the ruling party.

• (c) The Chairperson is appointed by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha from amongst the members of the committee.

• (d) The Chairperson is appointed by the President of India on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.

Solution: C

• The procedure for the leadership of the Estimates Committee is clearly defined in the Rules of Procedure of the Lok Sabha. The Chairperson of the Committee is appointed by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.

• The Speaker makes this appointment from amongst the 30 members who have been elected to the committee. By convention, the Chairperson is usually from the ruling party, but this is a convention, not a rule. The Speaker has the final authority.

Solution: C

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