UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 9 October 2025
Kartavya Desk Staff
UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 9 October 2025 covers important current affairs of the day, their backward linkages, their relevance for Prelims exam and MCQs on main articles
InstaLinks : Insta Links help you think beyond the current affairs issue and help you think multidimensionally to develop depth in your understanding of these issues. These linkages provided in this ‘hint’ format help you frame possible questions in your mind that might arise(or an examiner might imagine) from each current event. InstaLinks also connect every issue to their static or theoretical background.
Table of Contents
GS Paper 2 : (UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 9 October (2025)
• Gender-Affirming Care (GAC)
Gender-Affirming Care (GAC)
GS Paper 3:
• NITI Aayog report “Roadmap on AI for Inclusive Societal Development”
NITI Aayog report “Roadmap on AI for Inclusive Societal Development”
Content for Mains Enrichment (CME):
• Breathable Art
Breathable Art
Facts for Prelims (FFP):
• Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2025
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2025
• Draft National Labour & Employment Policy – Shram Shakti Niti 2025
Draft National Labour & Employment Policy – Shram Shakti Niti 2025
• e-NAM Expansion
e-NAM Expansion
• India will host the 8th International Solar Alliance (ISA)
India will host the 8th International Solar Alliance (ISA)
• AMRAAM Missile
AMRAAM Missile
Mapping:
• Navi Mumbai International Airport
Navi Mumbai International Airport
UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 9 October 2025
#### GS Paper 2:
Gender-Affirming Care (GAC)
Syllabus: Vulnerable Sections
Source: TH
Context: A recent article highlights the urgent need for Gender-Affirming Care (GAC) in India, emphasizing its crucial role in improving mental health and dignity for transgender and gender-diverse individuals.
About Gender-Affirming Care (GAC):
• What It Is?
• Definition: GAC refers to a range of medical, psychological, and social interventions that help individuals align their gender identity with their body and societal recognition.
• Definition: GAC refers to a range of medical, psychological, and social interventions that help individuals align their gender identity with their body and societal recognition.
• Its Forms:
• Social Interventions: Use of correct names, pronouns, and recognition in schools, workplaces, and documentation ensures identity validation. Psychological Support: Includes counselling and peer support networks to address gender dysphoria and mental health challenges. Medical Care: Involves Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy (GAHT) and surgeries to modify secondary sexual characteristics when desired. Legal and Institutional Support: Integration of affirming practices in healthcare and education systems ensures dignity and inclusion.
• Social Interventions: Use of correct names, pronouns, and recognition in schools, workplaces, and documentation ensures identity validation.
• Psychological Support: Includes counselling and peer support networks to address gender dysphoria and mental health challenges.
• Medical Care: Involves Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy (GAHT) and surgeries to modify secondary sexual characteristics when desired.
• Legal and Institutional Support: Integration of affirming practices in healthcare and education systems ensures dignity and inclusion.
E.g. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies gender-affirming care as medically necessary, not elective or cosmetic, due to its direct impact on wellbeing.
Need for Gender-Affirming Care in India:
• High Mental Health Burden: Over 31% of trans persons have attempted suicide, with nearly half before age 20 (India Mental Health Survey, 2024).
• Proven Health Benefits: Access to GAC reduces depression and suicidal ideation and improves overall psychological wellbeing (JAMA Network Open, 2023).
• Constitutional Right to Dignity: Under Article 21, every person has the right to live with dignity — which includes access to appropriate healthcare.
• Bridging Social Exclusion: GAC enables social validation and self-acceptance, reducing stigma and workplace discrimination.
• Public Health Priority: Recognized globally as a life-saving medical necessity, its inclusion in public health policy ensures equality under Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019.
Barriers to Gender-Affirming Care in India
• Limited Medical Infrastructure: Few trained endocrinologists and absence of standardized national treatment protocols.
• Financial Constraints: Gender-affirming surgery costs ₹2–8 lakh, and GAHT costs ₹50,000–70,000 annually, making it inaccessible for most.
• Policy Gaps: Ayushman Bharat TG Plus is under-implemented, with low awareness and limited hospital participation.
• Social Stigma and Discrimination: Widespread prejudice in hospitals, workplaces, and families prevents individuals from seeking care.
• Unsafe Alternatives: Lack of formal services forces many to self-medicate using unprescribed hormones, leading to kidney and cardiovascular damage.
E.g. Reports from Hyderabad and Mumbai show multiple cases of hormone misuse due to the absence of supervised GAC clinics.
Consequences of Lacking GAC:
• Severe Mental Health Impact: Denial of care fuels depression, anxiety, and suicidal behaviour; trans persons are 4–6 times more likely to attempt suicide.
• Social Isolation: Exclusion from education and jobs perpetuates poverty and homelessness among transgender communities.
• Health Risks from Self-Medication: Unregulated hormone intake causes organ failure and hormonal imbalance.
• Data Erasure in Policy: Lack of transgender-specific data in NFHS and NSSO excludes them from government health schemes.
• Violation of Human Rights: Denial of GAC undermines constitutional equality and bodily autonomy, reinforcing structural discrimination.
E.g. Studies by TISS (2023) reveal that 65% of trans youth face rejection from healthcare providers due to gender bias.
Way Forward:
• Integrate GAC into Public Health: Include GAC under Ayushman Bharat and ensure free or subsidized services in government hospitals.
• Training and Sensitization: Introduce gender-sensitivity modules for doctors, nurses, and psychologists in medical curricula.
• Community Partnerships: Collaborate with trans-led NGOs for outreach, peer counselling, and local healthcare facilitation.
• Legal and Policy Reform: Enforce inclusive insurance policies and create national GAC guidelines for uniform care standards.
• Data and Research Investment: Conduct nationwide surveys on transgender health to inform evidence-based policymaking.
• Awareness Campaigns: Promote public understanding of GAC to combat myths and reduce societal stigma.
E.g. Tamil Nadu’s state-run gender clinics and Kerala’s Transgender Cell serve as models for integrated healthcare delivery.
Conclusion:
Gender-affirming care is not a privilege but a medical and human right essential for mental and physical wellbeing. India must act urgently to make GAC accessible, affordable, and dignified through an inclusive, rights-based public health approach. True mental health equity will be achieved only when every individual, regardless of gender identity, can live and heal with dignity.
#### UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 9 October 2025 GS Paper 3:
NITI Aayog report “Roadmap on AI for Inclusive Societal Development”
Syllabus: Economy
Source: NITI Aayog
Context: NITI Aayog has released the report “Roadmap on AI for Inclusive Societal Development”, outlining a strategic plan to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) for empowering India’s vast informal sector workforce through digital inclusion, skilling, and social security integration.
About NITI Aayog report “Roadmap on AI for Inclusive Societal Development”
Trend and Data on India’s Informal Sector Workforce:
• Massive Workforce Base: Nearly 490 million Indians (≈90% of total workforce) are engaged in informal work — from agriculture to street vending — contributing ~50% to India’s GDP (MoLE, 2024).
• Dominance in Rural Economy: Over 80% of rural workers lack formal contracts or social security, heavily concentrated in sectors like construction, retail, and handicrafts.
• Gendered Informality: Women constitute over 55% of informal labour, particularly in home-based work and agriculture (ILO, 2023).
• Low Productivity and Wages: Average informal sector productivity is one-fourth of the formal sector, leading to persistent income insecurity.
• Rising Urban Informality: Gig and platform workers have expanded India’s “new informal class”, with ~7.5 million platform workers (NITI Aayog, 2022) operating without labour protection.
Current Challenges in the Informal Sector:
• Financial Insecurity: Over 75% of informal workers earn below ₹10,000/month and lack access to affordable credit or insurance (Periodic Labour Force Survey, 2024).
• Limited Market Access: Small producers and artisans depend on middlemen — only 12% directly access digital or organized markets.
• Digital and Skill Divide: Around 70% of informal workers lack basic digital literacy, making them unprepared for AI-enabled economic systems.
• Social Protection Gaps: Only one-third of eligible informal workers are registered under social security schemes like e-Shram or PM-SYM.
• Fragmented Policy and Trust Deficit: Overlapping welfare databases and weak institutional coordination reduce benefits reach and trust among workers.
Technology’s Role in Transforming the Informal Workforce:
• AI for Financial Inclusion: AI-driven credit scoring (e.g., SBI YONO, Setu.ai) can enable micro-loans for workers lacking collateral or formal records.
• Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI): Platforms like Aadhaar, UPI, and e-Shram create verifiable worker identities, enabling targeted benefits and wage transparency.
• Smart Contracts and Blockchain: Transparent wage payments and supply-chain traceability (pilot by Tata Steel Foundation in Jharkhand) can reduce exploitation.
• AI-enabled Skilling: Adaptive learning platforms (e.g., Skill India Digital) can deliver vernacular, voice-based micro-learning modules to reskill workers.
• Predictive Analytics for Welfare Delivery: AI can optimize welfare targeting (e.g., PM Kisan Samman Nidhi data integration), ensuring timely assistance and data-driven governance.
Need for Urgent Action:
• Rising Inequality: Informal workers remain most vulnerable to automation and economic shocks, widening post-pandemic income gaps.
• Demographic Dividend Window: With 65% of the population below 35 years, the next decade is crucial to convert demographic strength into productivity gains.
• Global AI Race: Without immediate investment, India risks missing the $957 billion AI-driven GDP boost projected by PwC by 2035.
• Climate and Urban Pressures: Informal workers are at the frontlines of climate vulnerability — from heat-exposed construction to displaced agriculture labour.
• Ethical and Inclusive Tech Use: Without a framework for responsible AI, data misuse could reinforce bias rather than inclusion, deepening social divides.
Key Recommendations of NITI Aayog Report
• Launch “Digital ShramSetu Mission”: A national AI-enabled platform integrating social security, skilling, and livelihood linkages for informal workers.
• Develop Sectoral AI Models: Prioritize high-impact sectors — agriculture, construction, retail, and logistics — for AI-driven productivity enhancement.
• Promote Voice-First and Vernacular Interfaces: To bridge the literacy barrier, AI tools should be accessible in local languages and dialects.
• Public–Private Partnerships (PPP): Encourage collaboration among tech companies, startups, and ministries to scale innovations in informal ecosystems.
• Ethical AI and Data Governance: Create a Responsible AI Charter ensuring transparency, privacy, and inclusivity in AI deployment for social sectors.
• AI Skilling and Micro-Credentials: Institutionalize continuous upskilling through modular AI curricula under Skill India 2.0.
• Impact Evaluation Framework: Mandate data-based evaluation on inclusion, income rise, and service delivery to track the social return on AI investments.
Conclusion:
The NITI Aayog roadmap envisions AI not as a disruptor but as a social equalizer, capable of transforming livelihoods with dignity. By integrating technology, trust, and targeted governance, India can unlock the untapped potential of its 490 million informal workers. To realize Viksit Bharat@2047, AI must evolve from an innovation tool to an instrument of inclusion.
#### UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 9 October 2025 Content for Mains Enrichment (CME)
Breathable Art
Context: The MoEFCC inaugurated ‘Breathable Art’ — a living art structure made with air-purifying plants to raise awareness about air quality, sustainability, and clean urban living.
About Breathable Art:
What it is?
• ‘Breathable Art’ is an innovative, living installation combining art and environmental science, created using air-purifying plants and sustainable materials to naturally improve air quality and promote sustainable lifestyles.
Implemented by: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
Under: ‘Breath of Change – Clean Air, Blue Skies’ campaign.
Features:
• Built with plants like Areca Palm, Money Plant, Spider Plant, Peace Lily, Bamboo Palm, etc., known for filtering formaldehyde, benzene, and other pollutants.
• Uses QR codes to educate visitors about air-purifying plants and sustainable practices.
• Acts as an educational hub and community engagement platform for students, RWAs, schools, and volunteers.
• Designed as a strategic intervention in pollution hotspots to improve air quality and urban aesthetics.
Relevance in UPSC Exam Syllabus:
• GS Paper II – Governance & Social Justice: Shows participatory environmental governance and community engagement in policy implementation.
• GS Paper III – Environment & Sustainable Development: Demonstrates Mission LiFE, NCAP, and urban sustainability initiatives using nature-based solutions.
• Essay Paper: Useful for topics on environmental innovation, sustainable cities, and citizen-led environmental movements.
#### UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 9 October 2025 Facts for Prelims (FFP)
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2025
Source: IE
Context: The 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar Yaghi for creating Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) — a revolutionary class of porous materials that can trap, store, and release molecules with high precision.
About Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2025:
What It Is?
• The Nobel Prize in Chemistry, established by Alfred Nobel’s 1895 will, honours scientists who make groundbreaking contributions to chemical science benefiting humanity.
• The 2025 award recognises innovations that have redefined materials chemistry and opened new possibilities for sustainable technologies.
Winners of 2025:
• Susumu Kitagawa (Japan) – Kyoto University
• Richard Robson (Australia) – University of Melbourne
• Omar Yaghi (Jordan–US) – University of California, Berkeley
Their Work:
• The trio pioneered Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) — crystalline materials made by linking metal ions with organic molecules to form ultra-porous 3D structures.
• Robson (1970s) first conceptualised porous molecular networks.
• Kitagawa (1990s) proved these could be flexible and “breathe” gases in and out.
• Yaghi (2000s) stabilised the frameworks and developed reticular chemistry, enabling MOFs to capture water from air and store gases like CO₂ or methane.
About Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs):
What They Are?
• MOFs are special materials made by combining metal atoms (like copper or zinc) with organic molecules to create a solid structure full of tiny, evenly spaced holes.
• Think of them like sponges at the atomic level — strong and flexible, with countless microscopic spaces that can trap, store, or filter different substances such as gases, water, or chemicals.
Key Features:
• Super Porous: MOFs have an enormous number of tiny holes — just one gram can have the surface area of several football fields.
• Custom-Made Design: Scientists can adjust the hole size and chemical nature of MOFs to catch exactly what they want, like a lock made for a specific key.
• Breathing Materials: Some MOFs can expand or shrink when they absorb or release gases — much like a lung breathing in and out.
• Strong and Reusable: They can withstand heat and chemicals, so they last long and can be used again and again.
• Easy to Make: MOFs can be produced using simple, eco-friendly, and low-cost methods, making them practical for real-world use.
Applications:
• Capturing Carbon: MOFs can soak up carbon dioxide (CO₂) from factories or the air, helping fight climate change.
• Making Water from Air: They can pull water vapour from dry desert air, offering a new way to get clean drinking water.
• Clean Energy Storage: MOFs can store hydrogen or methane, providing safe, lightweight fuel for future green energy.
• Cleaning Pollution: They help remove harmful chemicals and toxins like PFAS or heavy metals from drinking water.
• Helping in Medicine and Chemistry: MOFs can speed up chemical reactions (as catalysts) or carry medicines safely to specific parts of the body.
Draft National Labour & Employment Policy – Shram Shakti Niti 2025
Source: LM
Context: The Ministry of Labour & Employment has released the Draft National Labour & Employment Policy – Shram Shakti Niti 2025 for public consultation.
About Draft National Labour & Employment Policy – Shram Shakti Niti 2025:
What It Is?
• Shram Shakti Niti 2025 is India’s first integrated National Labour & Employment Policy, aiming to create a fair, inclusive, and future-ready world of work.
Aim: To modernise India’s labour ecosystem by ensuring dignity, protection, and opportunity for every worker while aligning with Viksit Bharat @2047.
Key Features:
• Unified Vision and Mission: Envisions a world of work where every labourer enjoys dignity, safety, and opportunity through seven core objectives — universal social security, occupational safety, gender and youth empowerment, future-readiness, and green jobs.
• Digital Public Infrastructure for Employment: The National Career Service (NCS) will evolve into India’s Employment DPI, offering transparent, AI-driven job matching, credential verification, and career guidance across Tier-II and Tier-III cities.
• Universal Social Security: Establishment of a Universal Social Security Account integrating EPFO, ESIC, PM-JAY, and e-Shram, ensuring portable and lifelong protection for every worker.
• Women and Youth Empowerment: Targets 35% female workforce participation by 2030, while promoting flexible work models, childcare, entrepreneurship, and vocational pathways for youth.
• Ease of Compliance and Formalisation: Launch of a single-window digital compliance portal with risk-based self-certification to reduce paperwork and enhance trust-based governance.
• Technology and Green Transitions: Promotes AI-enabled workplace safety systems, digital upskilling, and creation of green and sustainable jobs in line with India’s climate goals.
• Convergence and Good Governance: Establishes a three-tier institutional structure—National, State, and District Labour Missions—with data-driven dashboards and annual Labour & Employment Policy Evaluation Index (LEPEI) for performance tracking.
• Labour and Employment Stack: Creates a unified digital backbone integrating worker identities, enterprise databases, and social-security entitlements for paperless and portable governance.
• Tripartite Dialogue & Cooperative Federalism: Ensures Centre–State coordination and dialogue among government, employers, and workers to promote participatory policy implementation.
• Phased Implementation (2025–2047):
• Phase I (2025–27): Institutional setup, digital pilots, and social-security integration.
• Phase II (2027–30): Expansion through Universal Social Security rollout and AI-based job matching.
• Phase III (Beyond 2030): Full digital convergence and predictive labour governance.
e-NAM Expansion
Source: PIB
Context: The Government of India has expanded the National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) by adding 9 new commodities, increasing the total tradable items to 247.
About e-NAM Expansion:
What It Is?
• The National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) is a pan-India electronic trading portal launched on 14 April 2016 to connect existing APMC mandis into a unified national market.
Aim: To promote uniformity in agricultural marketing, remove information asymmetry between buyers and sellers, and ensure transparent price discovery based on demand, supply, and quality.
Functions:
• Digital Marketplace: Provides an online platform linking APMCs, private markets, and buyers nationwide.
• Price Transparency: Enables real-time auctioning and fair price determination for farmers.
• Quality Assurance: Introduces quality assaying systems for informed bidding and value-based pricing.
• Ease of Transaction: Facilitates online payment, warehouse-based sales, and mobile app access to market data.
• Inclusive Beneficiaries: Serves farmers, traders, processors, exporters, and mandis through a single digital interface.
Recent Addition:
• 9 new commodities added: Green Tea, Tea, Aswagandha Dry Roots, Mustard Oil, Lavender Oil, Mentha Oil, Virgin Olive Oil, Lavender Dried Flower, and Broken Rice.
• This expansion raises the total to 247 commodities, enhancing trade diversity and boosting rural incomes.
India will host the 8th International Solar Alliance (ISA)
Source: TH
Context: India will host the 8th International Solar Alliance (ISA) Assembly from October 27–30, 2025, at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
About India will host the 8th International Solar Alliance (ISA):
What It Is?
• The International Solar Alliance (ISA) is a global intergovernmental organisation that promotes solar energy deployment worldwide to ensure energy access, energy security, and climate resilience.
• It serves as a collaborative platform for governments, industry, and financial institutions to accelerate the solar transition in developing nations.
Launched: 2015
Origin: Joint initiative by India and France during the COP21 Climate Summit in Paris.
Headquarters: Gurugram, India — making ISA the first international organisation headquartered in India.
Members:
• 124 member and signatory countries (as of 2025), including over 90 full members.
• Open to all UN member states after a 2020 framework amendment.
• To mobilise USD 1 trillion in solar investments by 2030.
• To deliver clean energy access to 1 billion people and install 1,000 GW of solar capacity globally.
• To promote low-cost, sustainable, and equitable energy systems through solar power, especially in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS).
Functions:
• Policy & Advocacy: Supports governments in designing solar-friendly policies and regulations through “Ease of Doing Solar” analytics and annual solar investment reports.
• Programmatic Support: Implements and scales solar projects in agriculture, health, transport, and energy sectors — including replication of India’s PM-KUSUM and PM Surya Ghar models in Africa and island nations.
• Financing Mechanisms: Operates the Africa Solar Facility (Ahmedabad-based) to provide risk guarantees and attract private capital for mini-grids and solar pumps. Aims to leverage $200 million by 2026 to mobilise up to $2–4 billion in investments.
• Operates the Africa Solar Facility (Ahmedabad-based) to provide risk guarantees and attract private capital for mini-grids and solar pumps.
• Aims to leverage $200 million by 2026 to mobilise up to $2–4 billion in investments.
• Capacity Building: Runs Solar Technology and Application Resource Centres (STAR-C) to train engineers, entrepreneurs, and policymakers in solar technologies.
• Knowledge & Collaboration: Works with MDBs, DFIs, private sector, and civil society to share data, innovation, and technology for affordable solar access.
AMRAAM Missile
Source: BS
Context: The United States has included Pakistan in a modified arms contract with Raytheon to supply AIM-120 AMRAAM (Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missiles).
About AMRAAM Missile:
What it is?
• The AIM-120 AMRAAM (Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile) is a beyond-visual-range (BVR), radar-guided missile developed by the U.S. Air Force and Raytheon in the 1980s.
• It provides “fire-and-forget” capability, allowing pilots to disengage after launch while the missile autonomously tracks its target using onboard radar.
Nations involved in the deal:
• United States (Raytheon Technologies) and Pakistan.
• Other international users include U.S., U.K., Japan, Germany, Australia, and several NATO allies.
Key Features:
• Type: Beyond-visual-range (BVR) radar-guided missile.
• Range: Up to 160 km (for C8/D3 variants).
• Speed: Up to Mach 4.
• Guidance: Inertial navigation + active radar homing.
• Variants supplied: C8 and D3 (latest generations).
• Platforms: Compatible with F-15, F-16, F-35, Eurofighter Typhoon, Gripen, etc.
• Strengths: High precision, multi-target capability, all-weather use, and electronic countermeasure resistance.
Similar Missile in India: India does not operate AMRAAM but has indigenously developed the ASTRA BVR missile by DRDO, featuring:
• Range: 80–110 km.
• Speed: Over Mach 4.
• Guidance: Inertial navigation + active radar homing.
• Platforms: Su-30 MKI, Tejas, and future Indian fighters.
#### UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 9 October 2025 Mapping:
Navi Mumbai International Airport
Source: TOI
Context: Prime Minister of India inaugurated the Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIA), India’s largest greenfield airport project, built at a cost of ₹19,650 crore.
About Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIA):
What It Is?
• The Navi Mumbai International Airport is a state-of-the-art greenfield airport developed under a Public–Private Partnership (PPP) between Adani Airports Holdings Ltd (74%) and CIDCO (26%).
• It is envisioned as India’s first fully digital, 5G-enabled, and eco-sustainable airport, designed to complement the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (CSMIA).
Located In: Ulwe, Navi Mumbai.
History:
• Proposed in the 1990s to reduce congestion at Mumbai’s primary airport.
• Received final environmental clearance in 2017.
• Construction began under CIDCO and was later taken over by Adani Group.
Key Features:
• Infrastructure & Capacity: Two parallel Code F runways (3,700 m x 60 m each). Phase 1 capacity: 20 million passengers per annum (MPPA); final phase: 90 MPPA. Cargo complex: 0.5 million metric tonnes annually (expandable to 3.25 million).
• Two parallel Code F runways (3,700 m x 60 m each).
• Phase 1 capacity: 20 million passengers per annum (MPPA); final phase: 90 MPPA.
• Cargo complex: 0.5 million metric tonnes annually (expandable to 3.25 million).
• Design & Technology: Architecture inspired by the lotus flower, featuring 12 petal-shaped columns. Fully digital operations: AI-enabled baggage tracking, online immigration, contactless boarding via Digi Yatra.
• Architecture inspired by the lotus flower, featuring 12 petal-shaped columns.
• Fully digital operations: AI-enabled baggage tracking, online immigration, contactless boarding via Digi Yatra.
• Green & Smart Initiatives: 47 MW solar power, rainwater harvesting, wastewater recycling, and EV-based ground transport. Designed as a carbon-neutral and IGBC Platinum-rated airport.
• 47 MW solar power, rainwater harvesting, wastewater recycling, and EV-based ground transport.
• Designed as a carbon-neutral and IGBC Platinum-rated airport.
• Connectivity: Integrated with expressways, metro, suburban rail, and water transport. Proximity to JNPT port enhances multimodal logistics efficiency.
• Integrated with expressways, metro, suburban rail, and water transport.
• Proximity to JNPT port enhances multimodal logistics efficiency.
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