UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 4 October 2024
Kartavya Desk Staff
UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 4 October 2024 covers important current affairs of the day, their backward linkages, their relevance for Prelims exam and MCQs on main articles
InstaLinks : Insta Links help you think beyond the current affairs issue and help you think multidimensionally to develop depth in your understanding of these issues. These linkages provided in this ‘hint’ format help you frame possible questions in your mind that might arise(or an examiner might imagine) from each current event. InstaLinks also connect every issue to their static or theoretical background.
Table of Contents
GS Paper 1: (UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 4 October 2024)
• Bihar Flood
Bihar Flood
GS Paper 2:
• Middle East Tension
Middle East Tension
Content for Mains Enrichment (CME)
• Case of South Korea Deepfake
Case of South Korea Deepfake
• e-ABkari portal
e-ABkari portal
Facts for Prelims (FFP)
• New Inclusion to Classical Language Status
New Inclusion to Classical Language Status
• National Mission on Edible Oils – Oilseeds
National Mission on Edible Oils – Oilseeds
• United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
• Odisha Leopard Population
Odisha Leopard Population
• Prime Minister’s Internship Scheme
Prime Minister’s Internship Scheme
Mapping:
• Chagos Archipelago
Chagos Archipelago
• My Quynh Safari Park
My Quynh Safari Park
UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 4 October 2024
#### GS Paper 1:
Bihar Flood
- •Syllabus: Natural disaster & Floods*
Source: TH
Context: Bihar, India, is severely affected by annual floods, with millions displaced and livelihoods disrupted. The region’s geographic vulnerability, coupled with ineffective flood control measures, continues to exacerbate the problem.
Geographic Conditions Contributing to Flooding in Bihar:
• Proximity to the Himalayas: North Bihar is located downstream from Nepal, with rivers originating from the Himalayas flowing into Bihar.
• These rivers, including Kosi, Gandak, and Bagmati, carry large amounts of sediment, making the state flood-prone.
• River sedimentation: The young Himalayan rivers are sediment-heavy due to loose soil, causing them to overflow when rainwater increases the volume.
• Flat terrain: Bihar’s flat plains make it difficult for floodwaters to drain quickly, leading to prolonged waterlogging, especially during the monsoon.
• Permanent waterlogged areas: Low-lying areas, known as Chaurs, further complicate drainage, causing long-term waterlogging in certain regions.
• Impact of embankments: Embankments built along rivers like the Kosi have narrowed their channels, leading to sediment buildup and shallower riverbeds, increasing the risk of overflow.
Causes of Flooding in Bihar:
• Heavy rainfall in Nepal: Flash floods are often triggered by heavy rainfall in the Himalayan regions of Nepal, which drains into Bihar’s rivers.
• Overflowing rivers: During monsoons, snow-fed and rain-fed rivers breach their banks, flooding large areas.
• Embankment failures: Structural issues with embankments have led to breaches, worsening flood damage.
• Waterlogging from small rivers: Encroachment on drainage channels and silted rivers cause further water stagnation.
• Release of water from barrages: The release of water from Nepal’s barrages, such as the Kosi barrage, contributes to increased water levels.
Way ahead to handle floods:
• Integrated Flood Management: Building additional barrages, dams, and improving embankments must be accompanied by policies for early warnings and quick responses.
• Collaboration with Nepal: The long-pending proposal to build a dam on the Kosi requires diplomatic collaboration with Nepal to address upstream water management.
• Strengthening embankments: Regular maintenance and modernization of embankments, along with widening river channels to manage sediment, can mitigate flood impacts.
• Non-structural solutions: Improved flood forecasting, risk reduction policies, disaster management training, and community awareness programs are essential for flood preparedness.
• Rehabilitation of affected populations: Providing sustainable resettlement options for communities trapped within flood-prone embankments can prevent annual displacement.
Best Practice:
• Chennai: Stormwater Drainage System Chennai has enhanced its stormwater drainage system post-2015 floods by redesigning and expanding it. The city increased the number of stormwater drains and connected them to natural water bodies for efficient water flow and drainage during heavy rainfall.
• Surat: Flood Early Warning System (FEWS) Surat, a flood-prone city, uses a Flood Early Warning System (FEWS) to predict and monitor floods, especially in the Tapi River basin. This system allows for timely evacuations and preparation, minimizing flood damage.
Insta Links:
• Flood-Management-in-India
• Climate change and Flood
- 1.The interlinking of rivers can provide viable solutions to the multi-dimensional inter-related problems of droughts, floods, and interrupted navigation. Critically examine. (UPSC – 2020)
- 1.Account for the huge flooding of million cities in India including the smart ones like Hyderabad and Pune. Suggest lasting remedial measures. (UPSC – 2020)
#### UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 4 October 2024 GS Paper 2:
Middle East Tension
Syllabus: International Relation.
Source: IE
Context: Recent tensions in the Middle East have heightened concerns for global stability, with Iran and Israel on the verge of a major conflict. This ongoing strife threatens to expand regionally, with potential repercussions on India’s strategic interests, including energy security and regional partnerships.
Rising Tensions in the Middle East:
• In 2024, Iran and Israel have exchanged missile attacks, reminiscent of previous confrontations.
• This escalation poses the risk of regional instability, affecting not only the two countries but also surrounding nations like Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq.
• For Israel, maintaining control over Iran’s influence through Hezbollah and other proxy groups remains crucial. For Iran, retaliation is part of its broader geopolitical ambitions in the region.
Importance of the Middle East for India:
• Energy Security: India sources 80% of its crude oil from the region. Any disruption due to conflict could lead to price hikes and jeopardize India’s energy supplies.
• Diaspora Concerns: Over 9 million Indians live and work in the Middle East, contributing significantly to remittances. Their safety is crucial.
• Strategic Investments: Projects like the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEEC) and Chabahar port underline India’s economic and strategic interests in the region.
• Terrorism: Collaborative efforts between India and Middle Eastern nations in counter-terrorism and intelligence sharing are essential for regional stability.
Other stakeholders in the region:
• Qatar: A key mediator, engaged with both Iran and Israel, with influence due to hosting Hamas leaders.
• Saudi Arabia & UAE: Keen to advance peace and stability, driven by long-term economic visions. They seek to de-escalate tensions.
• Turkey: A mediator in back-channel diplomacy, maintaining communication with both sides while positioning itself as a regional power.
• United States: The U.S. maintains its role as Israel’s key ally but faces challenges in preventing escalation.
Challenges:
• Energy supply disruptions: Any conflict could destabilize the global oil market, affecting India’s economy.
• Regional volatility: The spread of conflict could draw in other actors like Hezbollah, Syria, or Iraq.
• Balancing diplomatic relations: India must manage its ties with both Israel and Iran, avoiding entanglement in regional politics.
• Impact on investments: Initiatives like the IMEEC may face setbacks if regional instability grows.
Way ahead for India:
• Diplomatic engagement: India should continue using its established relations to advocate for peace, leveraging its ties with both Israel and Iran.
• Strengthening energy ties: Diversifying energy sources to mitigate risks in times of conflict is essential.
• Diaspora safety: India should prioritize evacuation plans and safety measures for its citizens in the region.
• Maintaining balance: India’s non-alignment policy should be maintained to ensure it can mediate where necessary without alienating key stakeholders.
Insta Links:
• Israel Iran conflict
- 1.Mediterranean Sea is a border of which of the following countries? (UPSC – 2017)
- 1.Lebanon
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
a) 1, 2 and 3 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 3 and 4 only
d) 1, 3 and 4 only
Answer: c)
- 1.“India’s relations with Israel have, of late, acquired a depth and diversity, which cannot be rolled back.” Discuss. (UPSC – 2018)
#### UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 4 October 2024 Content for Mains Enrichment (CME)
Case of South Korea Deepfake
Context: South Korea is facing a surge in non-consensual deepfake pornography, particularly targeting women, with teenage boys as the primary perpetrators. The issue reflects broader societal problems including misogyny and weak digital regulations.
• Legal response: Recent laws now criminalize viewing or possessing explicit deepfake content, but enforcement challenges persist.
• Recent laws now criminalize viewing or possessing explicit deepfake content, but enforcement challenges persist.
• Cultural drivers: Misogynistic attitudes, a lack of education on digital ethics, and insufficient regulation of minors on social media are key contributing factors.
• Misogynistic attitudes, a lack of education on digital ethics, and insufficient regulation of minors on social media are key contributing factors.
• Psychological impact: Victims experience severe trauma, and trust between genders, especially in schools, has eroded.
• Victims experience severe trauma, and trust between genders, especially in schools, has eroded.
Use in UPSC:
• Ethics (GS-IV): As an example of technology misuse, privacy violations, and the ethical responsibilities of governments in protecting citizens.
• Cybersecurity (GS-III): In discussions on the regulation of digital platforms and protection from cybercrimes.
• Gender Studies (GS-I): Illustrates the intersection of technology, gender-based violence, and the need for social reform.
• Essay Writing: Can be cited in essays addressing the challenges of digital age privacy and ethical governance.
e-ABkari portal
Context: The Delhi Excise Department has introduced the e-ABkari portal to digitize and regulate the alcohol business in Delhi after the scrapping of the previous liquor policy. Developed by NIC, the portal aims to streamline the entire alcohol trade process.
Use in UPSC Syllabus:
• E-Governance (GS II): Example of digital governance enhancing transparency and efficiency.
• Public Administration (GS II): Case study for reforms in sectoral regulation through technology.
• Economy (GS III): Link to excise policies and their impact on state revenue.
• Ethics (GS IV): Technology-driven solutions to promote transparency and accountability in public administration.
Tags: CME, e-Abkari portal
Farm to Fork: Share of Pie
Context: A series of working papers from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) reveals that farmers receive a significantly lower share of the consumer rupee in the fruits and vegetables market, with middlemen and retailers profiting substantially.
Category | Product | Farmers’ Share of Consumer Price
| Bananas | 31%
Fruits | Grapes | 35%
| Mangoes | 43%
| Tomatoes | 33%
Vegetables | Onions | 36%
| Potatoes | 37%
| Milk | 70%
Dairy & Poultry | Eggs | 75%
| Poultry Meat | 56% (Farmers + Aggregators)
| Gram (Chana) | 75%
Pulses | Moong | 70%
| Tur | 65%
Source: RBI Working Papers on Fruits, Vegetables, Livestock, Poultry, and Pulses.
Note: You don’t need to remember all the data but try to remember certain specific data which can be used as value addition in exam.
Relevance to UPSC GS3 Syllabus:
• Agricultural pricing & marketing: Highlights inefficiencies in the value chain and role of middlemen in lowering farmers’ earnings.
• Food inflation: Case studies for understanding food price dynamics.
• Agricultural reforms: Discusses reforms to enhance farmers’ income and reduce dependency on middlemen.
#### UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 4 October 2024 Facts for Prelims (FFP)
New Inclusion to Classical Language Status
Source: PIB
Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi praised the Union Cabinet’s decision to grant Classical Language status to Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, and Bengali, highlighting their rich literary and cultural heritage.
About Classical Language Status Criteria:
The government’s criteria for declaring a language as classical include the following:
• Historical antiquity: The language should have a documented history of at least 1,500-2,000 years.
• Cultural heritage: It should have a body of ancient literature that is regarded as a cultural heritage.
• Literary tradition: The language should have an original literary tradition, not borrowed from another community.
• Distinctness: There should be a clear distinction between the classical language and its later forms, indicating a discontinuity.
Presently recognised language under Classical language:
Language | Year of Recognition
Tamil | 2004
Sanskrit | 2005
Telugu | 2008
Kannada | 2008
Malayalam | 2013
Odia | 2014
Benefits of Classical Language Status:
• International awards: Two major international awards are conferred annually for scholars of eminence in the classical language.
• Center of excellence: The government establishes a dedicated Centre of Excellence for studies related to the classical language.
• Promotion and research: Grants and funding are provided to promote the study, research, and dissemination of the classical language and its literature.
• Educational support: Programs are established in universities and institutes to support academic activities around classical languages.
Insta links:
• Centres-demand-autonomy-for-classical-language-promotion
National Mission on Edible Oils – Oilseeds
Source: PIB
Context: The Union Cabinet, chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has approved the National Mission on Edible Oils – Oilseeds (NMEO-Oilseeds), a landmark initiative aimed at boosting domestic oilseed production and achieving self-reliance in edible oils.
About National Mission on Edible Oils – Oilseeds (NMEO-Oilseeds)
• Origin: Announced in 2024 as part of India’s broader self-reliance (Atmanirbhar Bharat) agenda. To promote self-reliance, the National Mission on Edible Oils – Oil Palm (NMEO-OP) was launched in 2021 with an outlay of Rs 11,040 crore.
• To promote self-reliance, the National Mission on Edible Oils – Oil Palm (NMEO-OP) was launched in 2021 with an outlay of Rs 11,040 crore.
• Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare.
• Funds: Total outlay of Rs 10,103 crore (Central Share: Rs 7,150 crore; State Share: Rs 2,953 crore).
• Aims: Increase domestic oilseed production from 39 million tonnes (2022-23) to 69.7 million tonnes by 2030-31. Reduce dependence on edible oil imports, targeting 25.45 million tonnes of domestic production by 2030-31. Boost production of key oilseeds like rapeseed, groundnut, soybean, sunflower, and sesame. Promote cultivation of oilseeds on fallow lands and enhance intercropping practices. Utilize modern technologies like genome editing to boost seed quality and production.
• Increase domestic oilseed production from 39 million tonnes (2022-23) to 69.7 million tonnes by 2030-31.
• Reduce dependence on edible oil imports, targeting 25.45 million tonnes of domestic production by 2030-31.
• Boost production of key oilseeds like rapeseed, groundnut, soybean, sunflower, and sesame.
• Promote cultivation of oilseeds on fallow lands and enhance intercropping practices.
• Utilize modern technologies like genome editing to boost seed quality and production.
• Key features: Introduction of Aadhaar-authenticated e-vouchers for EV buyers to ease the demand incentive process. Allocation of Rs 500 crore for promoting e-ambulances. Creation of 65 seed hubs and 50 storage units to improve seed infrastructure. Formation of over 600 Value Chain Clusters across 347 districts, covering over 10 lakh hectares annually. Expansion of oilseed cultivation in rice and potato fallow lands by 40 lakh hectares. Enhancement of post-harvest infrastructure to extract more oil from sources like cottonseed and rice bran.
• Introduction of Aadhaar-authenticated e-vouchers for EV buyers to ease the demand incentive process.
• Allocation of Rs 500 crore for promoting e-ambulances.
• Creation of 65 seed hubs and 50 storage units to improve seed infrastructure.
• Formation of over 600 Value Chain Clusters across 347 districts, covering over 10 lakh hectares annually.
• Expansion of oilseed cultivation in rice and potato fallow lands by 40 lakh hectares.
• Enhancement of post-harvest infrastructure to extract more oil from sources like cottonseed and rice bran.
• Mission will introduce SATHI Portal enabling States to coordinate with stakeholders for timely availability of quality seeds
• Current status: India relies on imports for 57% of its edible oil demand. Minimum Support Price (MSP) for oilseeds has been significantly increased to ensure better prices for farmers. The Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay Sanrakshan Abhiyan (PM-AASHA) supports farmers through price support and deficiency payment schemes. A 20% import duty on edible oils has been imposed to protect domestic producers and promote local cultivation.
• India relies on imports for 57% of its edible oil demand.
• Minimum Support Price (MSP) for oilseeds has been significantly increased to ensure better prices for farmers.
• The Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay Sanrakshan Abhiyan (PM-AASHA) supports farmers through price support and deficiency payment schemes.
• A 20% import duty on edible oils has been imposed to protect domestic producers and promote local cultivation.
Insta links:
• Edible oil sector
United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
- •Source: TH*
Context: The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) recently released a report flagging concerns over “collapsing religious freedom” conditions in India.
• It particularly highlighted events around India’s 2024 national elections, legal changes such as anti-conversion laws, the Citizenship (Amendment) Act (CAA), and the Uniform Civil Code (UCC).
• The report also raised issues around expropriation of places of worship and misuse of anti-cow slaughter laws.
About USCIRF:
• Established: Under the 1998 International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA).
• Type: Independent, bipartisan U.S. federal government commission.
• Functions: Reviews religious freedom violations globally. Provides policy recommendations to the U.S. President, Secretary of State, and Congress. Publishes annual reports with recommendations for U.S. policy on religious freedom.
• Reviews religious freedom violations globally.
• Provides policy recommendations to the U.S. President, Secretary of State, and Congress.
• Publishes annual reports with recommendations for U.S. policy on religious freedom.
• Composition: Nine commissioners appointed by the U.S. President or Congressional leaders, supported by non-partisan staff.
• Objective: To monitor and recommend actions concerning religious freedom violations based on international human rights standards.
Insta links:
• USCIRF Annual Report
Odisha Leopard Population
Source: News on Air
Context: Odisha’s leopard population has increased by 22%, rising from 568 to 696 in two years between 2022 and 2024, despite ongoing concerns about poaching and the illegal trade of leopard skins in the State.
Key Findings from the Odisha Leopard Estimation 2024:
• Leopard Population Increase: The number of leopards increased by 22%, rising from 568 to 696 between 2022 and 2024.
• Geographical Spread: Leopards are found both within and outside protected areas, with 45% residing outside designated protected zones.
• Key Habitats: Similipal Tiger Reserve: The largest leopard population, serving as a source population for surrounding areas like Hadagarh and Kuldiha wildlife sanctuaries. Satkosia and Hirakud wildlife divisions: Identified as other key habitats with substantial leopard populations.
• Similipal Tiger Reserve: The largest leopard population, serving as a source population for surrounding areas like Hadagarh and Kuldiha wildlife sanctuaries.
• Satkosia and Hirakud wildlife divisions: Identified as other key habitats with substantial leopard populations.
• Challenges: The population still lags behind the 2018 census estimate of 760, and poaching remains a significant threat with 116 leopards killed between 2018 and 2024.
National Leopard Census (India 2022):
• National Population: The leopard population in India stands at 13,874, reflecting an 8% increase from 12,852 in 2018.
• Top States for Leopards: Madhya Pradesh has the highest number of leopards (3,907), followed by Maharashtra (1,985), Karnataka (1,879), and Tamil Nadu (1,070).
• Methodology: Surveys were conducted using foot patrols and camera traps, yielding over 85,000 images of leopards across 18 states.
Leopard census methodology:
• Camera traps: Identification of leopards based on unique rosette patterns.
• Foot surveys: Monitoring of pug marks, scrapes, and scats to estimate leopard presence.
Insta Links:
• Snow leopard
Prime Minister’s Internship Scheme
Source: DD News
Context: The government launched the pilot phase of the ambitious Prime Minister’s Internship Scheme, which aims to provide 1.25 lakh internship opportunities during the fiscal year 2024-25.
About PM Internship Scheme:
• Origin: Announced in Budget 2024-25 as part of the Prime Minister’s Package for Employment and Skilling.
• Announced in Budget 2024-25 as part of the Prime Minister’s Package for Employment and Skilling.
• Aim: To provide 1 crore youth with hands-on work experience in top 500 companies over five years, enhancing employability and skill development.
• To provide 1 crore youth with hands-on work experience in top 500 companies over five years, enhancing employability and skill development.
• Budget: ₹2 lakh crore overall, with ₹2,000 crore allocated for the fiscal year 2024-25.
• ₹2 lakh crore overall, with ₹2,000 crore allocated for the fiscal year 2024-25.
• Criteria: Youth aged 21-24 who are not in full-time employment or education. Must hold qualifications like high school diplomas, ITI certificates, or graduate degrees (e.g., B.A., B.Sc., B.Com). Excludes candidates from IITs, IIMs, and those holding advanced degrees (e.g., MBA, CA).
• Youth aged 21-24 who are not in full-time employment or education.
• Must hold qualifications like high school diplomas, ITI certificates, or graduate degrees (e.g., B.A., B.Sc., B.Com).
• Excludes candidates from IITs, IIMs, and those holding advanced degrees (e.g., MBA, CA).
• Features: 12-month internships with a stipend of ₹5,000 (₹4,500 from the government, ₹500 from companies). Interns are insured under government schemes like PM Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana. A one-time ₹6,000 grant for incidentals. Multilingual helpline and grievance redressal system.
• 12-month internships with a stipend of ₹5,000 (₹4,500 from the government, ₹500 from companies).
• Interns are insured under government schemes like PM Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana.
• A one-time ₹6,000 grant for incidentals.
• Multilingual helpline and grievance redressal system.
• Significance: Enhances practical experience for youth, improving employability. Focuses on skill development in real-world job environments across sectors like pharma, auto, and agriculture. Supports the government’s vision of self-reliance (Atmanirbhar Bharat) by developing skilled manpower.
• Enhances practical experience for youth, improving employability.
• Focuses on skill development in real-world job environments across sectors like pharma, auto, and agriculture.
• Supports the government’s vision of self-reliance (Atmanirbhar Bharat) by developing skilled manpower.
Insta links:
#### UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 4 October 2024 Mapping:
Chagos Archipelago
Source: TH
Context: The U.K. and Mauritius have reached an agreement on the return of the Chagos Archipelago to Mauritian sovereignty, resolving a long-standing dispute. This development, involving the strategic Diego Garcia base, is seen as a completion of Mauritius’ decolonisation process.
About Chagos Dispute:
• Colonial Background: The Chagos Archipelago was claimed by Britain along with Mauritius in 1814. Before Mauritius’ independence in 1968, the U.K. separated the islands in 1965 to create the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT).
• Military Leasing: In 1966, Britain leased Diego Garcia (the largest island) to the U.S. for a military base, displacing the native Chagossian population.
• Legal Disputes: Chagossians have fought legal battles to return to their homeland. Mauritius has continuously claimed sovereignty over the islands since 1968.
• International Rulings: In 2019, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled that the U.K. must return the Chagos Islands to Mauritius, calling the U.K.’s administration of the islands unlawful.
Geographical location of Chagos Archipelago:
• Location: Located in the central Indian Ocean, about 1,600 km south of India’s southern tip.
• Key Islands: Includes atolls like Diego Garcia, Peros Banhos, and Danger Island.
• Climate: Tropical marine climate, with weather moderated by trade winds.
• Disputed Nations: The primary parties involved in the dispute are the U.K. (current administrator) and Mauritius (claimant), with the U.S. involved due to the military base on Diego Garcia.
My Quynh Safari Park
Source: Down to Earth
Context: An outbreak of the H5N1 bird flu virus has caused the deaths of several large carnivores in zoos in southern Vietnam. This highlights the risks posed by zoonotic diseases not just to wildlife but also to human health, as the virus has the potential to infect mammals and, in rare cases, humans.
Cause:
• The animals, including 47 tigers, 3 lions, and a panther, died due to the H5N1 bird flu virus, confirmed by the National Center for Animal Health Diagnosis. The virus, typically associated with avian species, caused fatalities among these large mammals in August and September 2024.
Zoo locations:
• My Quynh Safari Park: Location: Long An Province, southern Vietnam. Distance: South of Ho Chi Minh City. Proximity: It is a private safari park known for housing various wildlife, including large carnivores.
• Location: Long An Province, southern Vietnam.
• Distance: South of Ho Chi Minh City.
• Proximity: It is a private safari park known for housing various wildlife, including large carnivores.
• Vuon Xoai Zoo: Location: Dong Nai Province, near Ho Chi Minh City. Distance: Approximately 40 km northeast of Ho Chi Minh City. Proximity: Close to urban centers, making it a popular tourist attraction with a variety of animals.
• Location: Dong Nai Province, near Ho Chi Minh City.
• Distance: Approximately 40 km northeast of Ho Chi Minh City.
• Proximity: Close to urban centers, making it a popular tourist attraction with a variety of animals.
Note: For exam purpose just try to remember the parks and zoo name, which country it is located in and why it was in news.
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