UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 30 May 2025
Kartavya Desk Staff
UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 30 May 2025 covers important current affairs of the day, their backward linkages, their relevance for Prelims exam and MCQs on main articles
InstaLinks : Insta Links help you think beyond the current affairs issue and help you think multidimensionally to develop depth in your understanding of these issues. These linkages provided in this ‘hint’ format help you frame possible questions in your mind that might arise(or an examiner might imagine) from each current event. InstaLinks also connect every issue to their static or theoretical background.
Table of Contents
GS Paper 1 : (UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 30 May (2025)
• Modernisation vs Westernisation
Modernisation vs Westernisation
GS Paper 2:
• Three-Year Judicial Practice Mandate
Three-Year Judicial Practice Mandate
Content for Mains Enrichment (CME):
• Japan Carbon Emissions Trading System
Japan Carbon Emissions Trading System
Facts for Prelims (FFP):
• Honorary Rank Promotion Scheme
Honorary Rank Promotion Scheme
• Battery Aadhaar Initiative
Battery Aadhaar Initiative
• Inter-Services Organisations (Command, Control and Discipline) Act, 2023
Inter-Services Organisations (Command, Control and Discipline) Act, 2023
• Advance Authorisation Scheme
Advance Authorisation Scheme
• Swachh Survekshan Grameen 2025
Swachh Survekshan Grameen 2025
• Viksit Krishi Sankalp Abhiyan
Viksit Krishi Sankalp Abhiyan
Mapping:
• Kilauea volcano
Kilauea volcano
UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS –30 May 2025
#### GS Paper 1:
Modernisation vs Westernisation
Syllabus: Westernisation
Source: TP
Context: Union Minister asserted that while modernisation is essential for national progress, blind westernisation must be resisted to preserve India’s cultural identity.
• He stressed the importance of balancing science and tradition to realise India’s vision of becoming a ‘Vishwaguru’.
About Modernisation vs Westernisation:
• Modernisation: Definition: A comprehensive process involving technological, institutional, and value-based transformation aimed at societal development. Features: Structural transformation in economy, polity, and society. Rationality and scientific temper over traditional beliefs. Democratic institutions, mass education, and urbanisation. Emphasis on self-sustaining growth with rising productivity and human development indicators. Westernisation: Definition: Adoption of Western lifestyles, values, and systems, often at the cost of traditional cultural practices. Features: Popularised by N. Srinivas in the Indian context. Covers secular, legal, political, and technological domains. Includes dress codes, food habits, language, and social institutions like live-in relationships. Often conflicts with Indian societal ethos, particularly in rural and traditional contexts.
• Definition: A comprehensive process involving technological, institutional, and value-based transformation aimed at societal development.
• Features: Structural transformation in economy, polity, and society. Rationality and scientific temper over traditional beliefs. Democratic institutions, mass education, and urbanisation. Emphasis on self-sustaining growth with rising productivity and human development indicators.
• Structural transformation in economy, polity, and society.
• Rationality and scientific temper over traditional beliefs.
• Democratic institutions, mass education, and urbanisation.
• Emphasis on self-sustaining growth with rising productivity and human development indicators.
• Westernisation: Definition: Adoption of Western lifestyles, values, and systems, often at the cost of traditional cultural practices. Features: Popularised by N. Srinivas in the Indian context. Covers secular, legal, political, and technological domains. Includes dress codes, food habits, language, and social institutions like live-in relationships. Often conflicts with Indian societal ethos, particularly in rural and traditional contexts.
• Definition: Adoption of Western lifestyles, values, and systems, often at the cost of traditional cultural practices.
• Features: Popularised by N. Srinivas in the Indian context. Covers secular, legal, political, and technological domains. Includes dress codes, food habits, language, and social institutions like live-in relationships. Often conflicts with Indian societal ethos, particularly in rural and traditional contexts.
• Popularised by N. Srinivas in the Indian context.
• Covers secular, legal, political, and technological domains.
• Includes dress codes, food habits, language, and social institutions like live-in relationships.
• Often conflicts with Indian societal ethos, particularly in rural and traditional contexts.
Impacts of Westernisation on Indian Society:
• Cultural Erosion: Weakening of joint family structures, caste panchayats, and traditional festivals.
E.g. Declining interest among youth in arranged marriages and religious practices.
• Value Conflict: Clash between individualism (West) and collectivism (Indian tradition).
• Widening Social Divide: Gap between Westernised urban elite and rural traditional masses leading to social tension.
• Positive Outcomes: Progressive laws (e.g., abolition of Sati, child marriage) and human rights awareness stemmed from Western influence.
Modernisation Can Drive India’s Progress:
• Technological Growth: Innovations in biotech, digital governance, and space can uplift public services.
E.g. India ranks among the top 5 countries in digital payment adoption (RBI, 2024).
• Institutional Reforms: Modernisation supports efficient bureaucracy, judicial efficiency, and transparent governance.
• Educational Expansion: Promotes universal access to quality education, enabling human capital formation.
• Cultural Resilience through Reform: India’s traditional values can be modernised without being westernised.
E.g. Promotion of Ayurveda and Yoga globally while maintaining scientific validation.
• Balanced Development: Modernisation rooted in Indian values helps bridge the rural–urban divide without alienating cultural identity.
Conclusion:
Modernisation is a dynamic pathway to national progress when fused with cultural rootedness. India’s strength lies in embracing innovation while safeguarding its value systems. The challenge is to advance without losing identity — progress must be inclusive, indigenous, and intentional.
• ‘Globalisation is generally said to promote cultural homogenisation but due to these cultural specificities appear to be strengthened in the Indian society.’ Elucidate (UPSC -2018)
#### UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 30 May 2025 GS Paper 2:
Three-Year Judicial Practice Mandate
Syllabus: Judiciary
Source: TH
Context: The Supreme Court reinstated the rule mandating a minimum of three years of legal practice as a prerequisite for applying to the Civil Judge (Junior Division) posts.
What Is the Three-Year Judicial Practice Mandate?
• As per the latest ruling in All India Judges Association v. Union of India, a candidate must now have at least three years of courtroom experience before appearing for judicial service exams.
• The mandate applies to entry-level judges, reinstating the condition removed in 2002 to broaden access to judicial posts.
Need for the Practice Requirement
• Improves Judicial Preparedness: Early exposure to real courtroom scenarios builds decision-making skills and legal maturity.
E.g. The Bar Council of India (2021) stated that judges without practice were often “inept and incapable” in handling matters.
• Reflects High Court Consensus: 23 out of 25 High Courts reported unsatisfactory outcomes from recruiting fresh graduates into the judiciary.
• Addresses Training Gaps: Judicial academies often lack individual mentoring capacity and cannot simulate litigation complexities.
• Fosters Professional Maturity: Advocates gain better emotional intelligence and legal intuition through active litigation.
Challenges Associated with the Mandate
• Exclusion of Marginalized Aspirants: Women and first-generation lawyers may struggle to sustain three years in litigation due to socio-economic or familial constraints. E.g. NFHS data shows average female marriage age is 19.2, creating early-career conflicts for female law graduates.
• Litigation Is Not a Level Field: Early-stage advocates, especially women, often face hostile work conditions, harassment, and lack of mentorship in court corridors.
• Tokenistic Practice Risk: Without verification norms, the mandate may become a formality rather than a meaningful experience.
• Reduced Diversity in Judiciary: The added hurdle may deter young, capable women and others from marginalized communities from even attempting judicial entry.
• Judicial Overreach Concerns: The mandate, as per Article 234, should be determined by State executives in consultation with High Courts, not by the Supreme Court.
Significance of the Move:
• Enhances Quality of Judgments: Judges with courtroom experience are more adept at managing procedural complexities and ensuring fair trials.
• Bridges Theory-Practice Divide: The move attempts to build a professionally competent Bench, not just a theoretically sound one.
• Aligns with Global Best Practices: Most developed judicial systems expect prior legal experience before assuming judicial office.
Conclusion:
The three-year practice mandate reflects a desire to build a judiciary with practical legal insight and emotional maturity. However, without addressing socio-economic barriers and structural inequalities, it risks narrowing entry for many deserving candidates. Judicial reform must strike a balance between quality and inclusivity, rigour and representation.
• ‘Constitutional Morality’ is rooted in the constitution itself and is founded on its essential facets. Explain the doctrine of Constitutional Morality’ with the help of relevant judicial decisions. (UPSC -2021)
#### UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 30 May 2025 Content for Mains Enrichment (CME)
Japan Carbon Emissions Trading System
Context: Japan’s Parliament passed a law mandating large firms to participate in a carbon emissions trading system (ETS) starting April 2026.
About Japan Carbon Emissions Trading System:
What It Is?
• A legally binding emissions trading system (ETS) requiring large firms emitting ≥100,000 tonnes of CO₂ annually to trade carbon credits.
Key Features:
• Mandatory participation: For high-emission industries like power, steel, cement, paper, and chemicals.
• Emission caps: Each firm will receive an annual emissions allowance.
• Credit mechanism: Companies exceeding their cap must buy credits from firms emitting below limits.
• Market-based system: Designed to incentivize low-carbon technologies and emission efficiency.
Significance:
• Aligns Japan with EU’s carbon market model, encouraging corporate innovation in green tech.
• Supports Japan’s carbon neutrality by 2050 and 46% emissions cut by 2030 (baseline: 2013).
• Enhances market accountability, nudging firms toward sustainable practices.
Relevance in UPSC Syllabus
• GS Paper 3 – Environment and Ecology: The law is relevant for topics like climate change mitigation strategies, carbon markets, and emission control mechanisms.
• GS Paper 2 – International Relations: It highlights Japan’s leadership in climate action and its role in global environmental governance.
• Prelims – Environment and Current Affairs: Important for understanding terms like Emissions Trading System (ETS), carbon credits, and international practices like the EU ETS and Japan ETS.
#### UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 30 May Facts for Prelims (FFP)
Honorary Rank Promotion Scheme
Source: PIB
Context: The Ministry of Home Affairs has introduced a policy granting honorary rank promotions to retiring personnel of CAPFs and Assam Rifles from Constable to Sub-Inspector.
About Honorary Rank Promotion Scheme:
The Honorary Rank Promotion Scheme is a recognition initiative by the Ministry of Home Affairs under the leadership of Union Home Minister Amit Shah. It awards a one-rank higher honorary title to retiring personnel of Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) and Assam Rifles, from Constable to Sub-Inspector rank.
Objective:
• To uplift morale, pride, and self-respect of retiring security personnel.
• To honour long and commendable service without altering financial entitlements.
• To recognize dedication and integrity through symbolic promotion.
Key Features:
• Ministry: Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Government of India.
• Coverage: Applies to all eligible CAPF and Assam Rifles personnel below officer rank.
• Timing: Conferred on the day of retirement.
• Nature: No financial or pension benefits attached.
• Category Constraint: Applicable only if the rank to be granted exists within the service’s organizational structure.
• Seniority: Does not alter the inter-se seniority order of personnel.
Eligibility Criteria:
• Personnel must fulfil all promotion prerequisites at the time of retirement.
• Must have a clean record with no major disciplinary actions in the last five years.
• The Annual Performance Appraisal Report (APAR) for the last 5 years should be rated at least ‘Good’.
• Integrity certification must be beyond doubt.
• Clearance from departmental inquiries and vigilance is mandatory.
• Recommendation by the commanding officer is required.
Battery Aadhaar Initiative
Source: BT
Context: At the Battery Summit 2025, Tata Elxsi, in partnership with Tata Motors, Tata AutoComp, and IIT Kharagpur, unveiled the Battery Aadhaar initiative to key government stakeholders.
• The project aligns with India’s green mobility and circular economy
About Battery Aadhaar Initiative:
• What It Is?
• Battery Aadhaar is a digital identification system for batteries, designed to enable full traceability across their lifecycle using secure, blockchain-backed technologies.
• Battery Aadhaar is a digital identification system for batteries, designed to enable full traceability across their lifecycle using secure, blockchain-backed technologies.
• Developed By: Spearheaded by Tata Elxsi through its MOBIUS+ platform, in collaboration with Tata Motors, Tata AutoComp Systems, and IIT Kharagpur.
• Objective:
• To assign unique digital IDs to each battery, enabling safe use, regulated reuse, and efficient disposal. To align battery usage with national and global compliance standards like the EU Battery Regulation.
• To assign unique digital IDs to each battery, enabling safe use, regulated reuse, and efficient disposal.
• To align battery usage with national and global compliance standards like the EU Battery Regulation.
• Key Features:
• Blockchain Integration: MOBIUS+ ensures tamper-proof, real-time data logging for each battery unit. Lifecycle Transparency: Tracks manufacturer details, usage history, and material content. Regulatory Compliance: Automates reporting for both Indian and international policy frameworks. Sustainability Link: Supports circular economy models by reducing battery waste and environmental risks.
• Blockchain Integration: MOBIUS+ ensures tamper-proof, real-time data logging for each battery unit.
• Lifecycle Transparency: Tracks manufacturer details, usage history, and material content.
• Regulatory Compliance: Automates reporting for both Indian and international policy frameworks.
• Sustainability Link: Supports circular economy models by reducing battery waste and environmental risks.
• Significance:
• Prevents unsafe reuse of old or degraded batteries, ensuring safety in EV ecosystems. Strengthens India’s battery supply chain visibility and sustainability commitment. Encourages eco-conscious innovation across mobility, energy storage, and electronics industries. Promotes India’s position in green tech leadership and aligns with the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP).
• Prevents unsafe reuse of old or degraded batteries, ensuring safety in EV ecosystems.
• Strengthens India’s battery supply chain visibility and sustainability commitment.
• Encourages eco-conscious innovation across mobility, energy storage, and electronics industries.
• Promotes India’s position in green tech leadership and aligns with the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP).
Inter-Services Organisations (Command, Control and Discipline) Act, 2023
- •Source: ET*
Context: The Ministry of Defence notified subordinate rules under the Inter-Services Organisations (Command, Control and Discipline) Act, 2023, making the Act fully operational.
Summary of Newly Notified Rules:
• These rules, framed under Section 11 of the Act, provide a structured operational framework for ISOs.
• They empower ISO heads to exercise full administrative and disciplinary authority over service members from any branch.
• Rules establish command succession in case of the absence of the designated officer and prevent overlapping disciplinary proceedings.
• They ensure operational synergy across tri-service commands without altering individual service laws.
About Inter-Services Organisations (Command, Control and Discipline) Act, 2023:
• Came into Force: May 10, 2024, after receiving Presidential assent on August 15, 2023, and Parliament passage during the 2023 Monsoon Session.
• Objective:
• To unify command and promote functional efficiency across inter-services establishments such as Andaman & Nicobar Command, National Defence Academy, and Defence Space Agency.
• To unify command and promote functional efficiency across inter-services establishments such as Andaman & Nicobar Command, National Defence Academy, and Defence Space Agency.
• Key Features of the Act: Empowering ISO Leadership:
• Empowering ISO Leadership:
• Commanders-in-Chief and Officers-in-Command can now exercise disciplinary and administrative control over all personnel under their ISO, regardless of whether they belong to the Army, Navy, or Air Force. Promotes quick decision-making and a clear chain of command.
• Commanders-in-Chief and Officers-in-Command can now exercise disciplinary and administrative control over all personnel under their ISO, regardless of whether they belong to the Army, Navy, or Air Force. Promotes quick decision-making and a clear chain of command.
• Commanders-in-Chief and Officers-in-Command can now exercise disciplinary and administrative control over all personnel under their ISO, regardless of whether they belong to the Army, Navy, or Air Force.
• Promotes quick decision-making and a clear chain of command.
• Tri-Service Integration:
• Recognises existing ISOs and provides a legal framework for forming new Joint Services Commands. Encourages jointness in planning and execution across forces.
• Recognises existing ISOs and provides a legal framework for forming new Joint Services Commands. Encourages jointness in planning and execution across forces.
• Recognises existing ISOs and provides a legal framework for forming new Joint Services Commands.
• Encourages jointness in planning and execution across forces.
• No Change in Existing Service Laws:
• Does not alter the Army, Navy, or Air Force Acts. Ensures that unique service conditions remain intact while enabling joint administrative mechanisms.
• Does not alter the Army, Navy, or Air Force Acts. Ensures that unique service conditions remain intact while enabling joint administrative mechanisms.
• Does not alter the Army, Navy, or Air Force Acts.
• Ensures that unique service conditions remain intact while enabling joint administrative mechanisms.
• Command Clarity and Emergency Protocols:
• Provides clear succession procedures when commanding officers are on leave or unavailable. Allows higher formations to deputize acting commanders during emergencies.
• Provides clear succession procedures when commanding officers are on leave or unavailable. Allows higher formations to deputize acting commanders during emergencies.
• Provides clear succession procedures when commanding officers are on leave or unavailable.
• Allows higher formations to deputize acting commanders during emergencies.
• Administrative Efficiency: Prevents duplication of disciplinary actions, promotes synergy in resource utilisation, and strengthens command accountability.
Advance Authorisation Scheme
Source: BS
Context: The government decided to ease rules under the Advance Authorisation (AA) Scheme, allowing exporters to claim duty-free benefits even if goods were shipped before licence issuance, provided the Bill of Entry is filed post licence date.
About Advance Authorisation Scheme:
• What It Is?
• A foreign trade policy initiative allowing duty-free import of inputs used in manufacturing export products.
• A foreign trade policy initiative allowing duty-free import of inputs used in manufacturing export products.
• Administered By: Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
• Aim: To reduce input costs for exporters, thereby improving the global competitiveness of Indian goods.
• Key Features of the Scheme:
• Duty-Free Import: Allows import of raw materials, packaging, fuel, oil, and catalysts without payment of Customs duties. Standard Input-Output Norms (SION): Exports must conform to sector-wise norms issued by DGFT. Exporters can also seek ad-hoc norms if SION doesn’t apply. Eligibility: Open to manufacturer exporters and merchant exporters linked with supporting manufacturers. Physical Incorporation Principle: Inputs must be physically consumed or used in the manufacture of the final export product.
• Duty-Free Import: Allows import of raw materials, packaging, fuel, oil, and catalysts without payment of Customs duties.
• Standard Input-Output Norms (SION): Exports must conform to sector-wise norms issued by DGFT. Exporters can also seek ad-hoc norms if SION doesn’t apply.
• Eligibility: Open to manufacturer exporters and merchant exporters linked with supporting manufacturers.
• Physical Incorporation Principle: Inputs must be physically consumed or used in the manufacture of the final export product.
• Recent Relaxation:
• Previous Rule: If goods were shipped before the AA licence was issued, duty exemption was denied even if the Bill of Entry was filed later. New Rule: Exporters can now avail benefits as long as the Bill of Entry is filed after licence issuance, regardless of shipment date. Restriction: Relaxation does not apply to restricted or canalised goods unless special DGFT approval is granted. Impact: Removes ambiguity, streamlines Customs clearance, and boosts exporter confidence amid rising logistics challenges.
• Previous Rule: If goods were shipped before the AA licence was issued, duty exemption was denied even if the Bill of Entry was filed later.
• New Rule: Exporters can now avail benefits as long as the Bill of Entry is filed after licence issuance, regardless of shipment date.
• Restriction: Relaxation does not apply to restricted or canalised goods unless special DGFT approval is granted.
• Impact: Removes ambiguity, streamlines Customs clearance, and boosts exporter confidence amid rising logistics challenges.
Swachh Survekshan Grameen 2025
Source: PIB
Context: Union Jal Shakti Minister launched Swachh Survekshan Grameen (SSG) 2025, India’s largest rural sanitation survey.
About Swachh Survekshan Grameen 2025:
• What It Is? A nationwide rural sanitation ranking survey covering 21,000 villages across 761 districts in 34 States/UTs. Anchored under Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) Phase-II to assess the sustainability of ODF Plus outcomes.
• A nationwide rural sanitation ranking survey covering 21,000 villages across 761 districts in 34 States/UTs.
• Anchored under Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) Phase-II to assess the sustainability of ODF Plus outcomes.
• Organisation & Ministry: Conducted by the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DDWS) under the Ministry of Jal Shakti. An independent agency is engaged for field verification, ensuring data authenticity and transparency.
• An independent agency is engaged for field verification, ensuring data authenticity and transparency.
• Key Objectives: To measure sanitation progress in rural areas using structured and technology-driven methods. To strengthen citizen engagement and reward high-performing villages and states. To promote a people-led movement (Jan Bhagidari) towards a clean and healthy India.
• To measure sanitation progress in rural areas using structured and technology-driven methods.
• To strengthen citizen engagement and reward high-performing villages and states.
• To promote a people-led movement (Jan Bhagidari) towards a clean and healthy India.
• Survey Criteria & Components:
• SSG 2025 ranks rural regions based on four performance-based components: Service-Level Progress (SLP): Based on district self-assessment and desktop validation of ODF Plus Model Verified Villages. Direct Observation of Sanitation Status of Villages: Field visits to households, public places (schools, CSCs, Panchayat Bhavans) to verify cleanliness practices. Direct Observation – Infrastructure Functionality: Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management Units (PWMU), Faecal Sludge Management (FSM) plants, GOBARdhan units, etc. Citizen Feedback: Collected through mobile applications and face-to-face surveys, promoting inclusive participation.
• Service-Level Progress (SLP): Based on district self-assessment and desktop validation of ODF Plus Model Verified Villages.
• Direct Observation of Sanitation Status of Villages: Field visits to households, public places (schools, CSCs, Panchayat Bhavans) to verify cleanliness practices.
• Direct Observation – Infrastructure Functionality: Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management Units (PWMU), Faecal Sludge Management (FSM) plants, GOBARdhan units, etc.
• Citizen Feedback: Collected through mobile applications and face-to-face surveys, promoting inclusive participation.
• Key Features: Geo-fencing Enabled Data Collection: Ensures authenticity and location-verified entries. Swachhata Green Leaf Rating (SGLR): Tracks quality of sanitation services. Best Practices Documentation: Launch of Swachhata Chronicles Vol. III as a compendium of successful State interventions. Technology Integration: Mobile app for feedback, real-time data monitoring, and transparency. Inclusivity & Capacity Building: Mobilises Swachhagrahis, Training Units, and local governance structures.
• Geo-fencing Enabled Data Collection: Ensures authenticity and location-verified entries.
• Swachhata Green Leaf Rating (SGLR): Tracks quality of sanitation services.
• Best Practices Documentation: Launch of Swachhata Chronicles Vol. III as a compendium of successful State interventions.
• Technology Integration: Mobile app for feedback, real-time data monitoring, and transparency.
• Inclusivity & Capacity Building: Mobilises Swachhagrahis, Training Units, and local governance structures.
Viksit Krishi Sankalp Abhiyan
Source: DD News
Context: Union Agriculture Minister launched the Viksit Krishi Sankalp Abhiyan (VKSA-2025) at ICAR-CIFA, Bhubaneswar, to empower over 1.5 crore farmers across India.
About Viksit Krishi Sankalp Abhiyan:
• What it is: The campaign aims to accelerate India’s agricultural transformation by linking advanced agri-tech and fisheries innovations with grassroots adoption.
• Ministry Involved: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare Coordinated by ICAR-CIFA (Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture)
• Coordinated by ICAR-CIFA (Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture)
• Objectives: To disseminate cutting-edge agricultural and fisheries technologies to rural communities. To promote self-reliance, sustainability, and resilience in the farming and aquaculture sectors. To align agricultural transformation with the broader vision of a Viksit Bharat (Developed India).
• To disseminate cutting-edge agricultural and fisheries technologies to rural communities.
• To promote self-reliance, sustainability, and resilience in the farming and aquaculture sectors.
• To align agricultural transformation with the broader vision of a Viksit Bharat (Developed India).
• Key Features: Nationwide Reach: Targets over 5 crore farmers across all districts. Tech Transfer & Capacity Building: Promotes lab-to-land transfer of innovations through training, scientist-farmer interaction, and demonstrations. Integration of Fisheries & Agriculture: Recognizes fisheries as a core component of livelihood security and rural development. Launch of CIFA Argu VAX–I: A novel fish vaccine developed by ICAR-CIFA to prevent parasitic infections in aquaculture. Community Engagement: Involves Self Help Groups, KVKs, and rural institutions through exhibitions and stakeholder interactions.
• Nationwide Reach: Targets over 5 crore farmers across all districts.
• Tech Transfer & Capacity Building: Promotes lab-to-land transfer of innovations through training, scientist-farmer interaction, and demonstrations.
• Integration of Fisheries & Agriculture: Recognizes fisheries as a core component of livelihood security and rural development.
• Launch of CIFA Argu VAX–I: A novel fish vaccine developed by ICAR-CIFA to prevent parasitic infections in aquaculture.
• Community Engagement: Involves Self Help Groups, KVKs, and rural institutions through exhibitions and stakeholder interactions.
• Significance: Bridges research and rural needs by localizing scientific solutions. Enhances food and nutritional security through diversified farming models. Boosts rural incomes by promoting technology adoption and best practices. Encourages grassroots innovation and Jan Bhagidari, crucial for participatory agricultural reforms. Supports the vision of doubling farmers’ income and climate-resilient agriculture.
• Bridges research and rural needs by localizing scientific solutions.
• Enhances food and nutritional security through diversified farming models.
• Boosts rural incomes by promoting technology adoption and best practices.
• Encourages grassroots innovation and Jan Bhagidari, crucial for participatory agricultural reforms.
• Supports the vision of doubling farmers’ income and climate-resilient agriculture.
#### UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 30 May 2025 Mapping:
Kilauea volcano
Source: LM
Context: Kilauea volcano in Hawaii erupted with lava fountains over 1,000 feet, marking the most intense activity since the Pu’u’ō’ō eruption of the 1980s.
About Kilauea volcano:
• Located on the southeastern shore of Hawaii’s Big Island.
• Formed by the Hawaiian hotspot — not at plate boundaries but caused by a mantle plume under the Pacific Plate.
• Key Features:
• Type: Shield volcano — broad, dome-shaped with gentle slopes. Crater: Halemaʻumaʻu, considered the mythological home of Pele, Hawaiian goddess of volcanoes. Eruption Style: Frequent, fluid lava flows; episodic fountaining. Rift Zones: Two major rift zones (east – 125 km, southwest – 35 km). Age: Between 210,000 to 280,000 years; emerged above sea level ~100,000 years ago.
• Type: Shield volcano — broad, dome-shaped with gentle slopes.
• Crater: Halemaʻumaʻu, considered the mythological home of Pele, Hawaiian goddess of volcanoes.
• Eruption Style: Frequent, fluid lava flows; episodic fountaining.
• Rift Zones: Two major rift zones (east – 125 km, southwest – 35 km).
• Age: Between 210,000 to 280,000 years; emerged above sea level ~100,000 years ago.
• Volcanic Activity Timeline
• 1983–2018: Longest recorded eruption — destroyed towns like Kalapana and Kaimū. 2018: Lava lake collapse and ash explosions up to 30,000 ft and 716 homes destroyed. 2024–25: Renewed eruption cycles with episodic lava fountaining and toxic gas emissions.
• 1983–2018: Longest recorded eruption — destroyed towns like Kalapana and Kaimū.
• 2018: Lava lake collapse and ash explosions up to 30,000 ft and 716 homes destroyed.
• 2024–25: Renewed eruption cycles with episodic lava fountaining and toxic gas emissions.
• Environmental & Ecological Significance:
• Emits sulphur dioxide, leading to volcanic smog (vog) and acid rain. Impacts local air quality and ecosystem growth (e.g., Kaʻū Desert). Rich in endemic species due to isolation. Protected under Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• Emits sulphur dioxide, leading to volcanic smog (vog) and acid rain.
• Impacts local air quality and ecosystem growth (e.g., Kaʻū Desert).
• Rich in endemic species due to isolation.
• Protected under Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• Cultural Relevance:
• Studied extensively by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (est. 1912). First described in detail by William Ellis, an English missionary. Holds deep spiritual significance in Hawaiian mythology.
• Studied extensively by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (est. 1912).
• First described in detail by William Ellis, an English missionary.
• Holds deep spiritual significance in Hawaiian mythology.
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