UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 26 April 2025
Kartavya Desk Staff
UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 26 April 2025 covers important current affairs of the day, their backward linkages, their relevance for Prelims exam and MCQs on main articles
InstaLinks : Insta Links help you think beyond the current affairs issue and help you think multidimensionally to develop depth in your understanding of these issues. These linkages provided in this ‘hint’ format help you frame possible questions in your mind that might arise(or an examiner might imagine) from each current event. InstaLinks also connect every issue to their static or theoretical background.
Table of Contents
GS Paper 2 : (UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 26 April (2025)
• World Social Report 2025
World Social Report 2025
• Nutrition to Children
Nutrition to Children
GS Paper 3:
• Cross-Border Infiltration
Cross-Border Infiltration
Content for Mains Enrichment (CME):
• Humanity in Crisis: Pahalgam Case
Humanity in Crisis: Pahalgam Case
Facts for Prelims (FFP):
• National Mission for Clean Ganga
National Mission for Clean Ganga
• K. Kasturirangan
K. Kasturirangan
• Line of Control (LoC)
Line of Control (LoC)
• CSIR-IMMT (Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology)
CSIR-IMMT (Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology)
Mapping:
• South Sandwich Islands
South Sandwich Islands
UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 26 April 2025
#### GS Paper 2 :
World Social Report 2025
Syllabus: Governance and Reports
Source: UN
Context: The United Nations released the World Social Report 2025, highlighting the urgent need for a new global policy consensus focused on equity, economic security, and solidarity amid rising insecurity, inequality, and declining trust worldwide.
Key Summary of World Social Report 2025:
• Rising Economic Insecurity: 60% of the global population experiences economic insecurity, with over 690 million people still in extreme poverty.
• Persistent Inequality: Despite poverty reduction gains, income inequality widened in two-thirds of countries; the richest 1% hold more wealth than 95% of humanity.
• Fragile Livelihoods: Informal and precarious employment remains dominant, especially in Africa and South Asia, leading to unstable incomes and vulnerability.
• Declining Institutional Trust: More than 50% of people globally report low or no trust in governments, driven by economic distress, misinformation, and governance failures.
• Climate and Conflict Impacts: One in five people faced climate shocks and one in seven endured conflicts in 2024, reversing development gains and fuelling insecurity.
• Positive Trends: Over 1 billion people lifted out of extreme poverty since 1995; improvements noted in literacy, life expectancy, and access to basic services.
• Policy Gaps Identified: Weak social protection, unfair taxation, and underinvestment in public goods continue to widen the gap between rich and poor nations.
• Call for a New Social Contract: The report urges building inclusive, equitable, and resilient societies through fair taxation, universal social protection, and renewed multilateralism
Positives in the Report:
• Poverty Reduction: Over 1 billion people lifted out of extreme poverty since 1995.
• Education and Health Gains: Significant improvements in global literacy, life expectancy, and well-being.
• Social Inclusion Efforts: Some success in closing gaps related to ethnicity, residence, and socio-economic status.
• Recognition of Inequality: Clear acknowledgment of the interconnectedness of economic, social, and environmental factors.
Negatives in the Report:
• Persistent Inequality: Income inequality increased in two-thirds of countries despite economic growth.
• Insecure Livelihoods: 60% of workers globally fear job loss; informal and precarious employment dominate.
• Low Trust in Institutions: Institutional trust declined steadily since the late 1990s, especially among youth.
• Digital Misinformation: Echo chambers and digital polarization threaten social cohesion.
• Fragile Progress: Climate change and conflicts continue to reverse gains in poverty alleviation and equity.
Way Ahead:
• Rebuild Social Contracts: Invest heavily in education, health, decent work, and universal social protection.
• Promote Fair Taxation: Shift towards progressive taxation to reduce wealth concentration.
• Strengthen Institutions: Foster inclusive governance structures to rebuild trust and legitimacy.
• Support Climate Resilience: Ensure climate adaptation strategies protect the poor and marginalized.
• Enhance Multilateralism: Use upcoming summits like the Second World Summit for Social Development to drive global cooperation.
Conclusion:
The World Social Report 2025 signals that despite economic advances, rising insecurity and inequalities are destabilizing societies. A transformative shift towards inclusive, resilient, and people-centric development models is crucial. Renewed multilateral cooperation and bold policy action can break the current cycle of distrust and stagnation.
• COVID-19 pandemic accelerated class inequalities and poverty in India. Comment. (UPSC-2020)
Nutrition in Children
Syllabus: Food Security
Source: TH
Context: At the Nutrition for Growth (N4G) Summit in Paris, world leaders stressed the urgent need to integrate food literacy into school education to tackle global malnutrition challenges.
About Nutrition for Growth (N4G) Summit:
• What It Is? A global summit aimed at mobilizing commitments to tackle malnutrition in all its forms.
• A global summit aimed at mobilizing commitments to tackle malnutrition in all its forms.
• Organized In:
• Objective: To accelerate progress towards ending malnutrition by aligning nutrition goals with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. To emphasize a shift beyond food availability to improving food literacy and healthy eating habits, especially among children.
• To accelerate progress towards ending malnutrition by aligning nutrition goals with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
• To emphasize a shift beyond food availability to improving food literacy and healthy eating habits, especially among children.
• Outcomes: Extension of the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition from 2025 to 2030. Global endorsement to embed nutrition education in school curricula. Renewed commitment to promote bio-diverse and sustainable diets.
• Extension of the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition from 2025 to 2030.
• Global endorsement to embed nutrition education in school curricula.
• Renewed commitment to promote bio-diverse and sustainable diets.
Importance of Nutrition in Children:
• Critical Growth Window: Good nutrition is vital during adolescence, offering a second opportunity to correct early childhood deficits.
• Health Foundation: Nearly 70% of preventable adult diseases (e.g., diabetes, heart disease) are linked to poor childhood eating habits.
• Behavioural Impact: Nutrition affects physical growth, cognitive development, emotional resilience, and social behaviors.
• Global Indicator: Minimum Dietary Diversity adopted under SDG 2 evaluates children’s diet quality, promoting varied, nutrient-rich intake.
Challenges to Providing Nutrition to Children:
• Food Environment: Easy access to processed, high-sugar foods through digital marketing and fast delivery apps distorts healthy choices.
• Lack of Education: Most children lack basic food literacy due to outdated or missing nutrition education in schools.
• Dietary Diversity Deficit: In India and globally, most children do not consume at least five of ten essential food groups daily.
• Infrastructure Gaps: Lack of structured curriculums, trained teachers, and supportive environments like kitchen gardens in schools.
• Cultural Disconnect: Modern diets increasingly ignore local, seasonal, and traditional food systems vital for nutrition and sustainability.
Way Ahead:
• Integrate Structured Curriculum: Introduce age-appropriate nutrition education from preschool through middle school.
• Promote Bio-diverse Diets: Encourage consumption of local, seasonal, and traditional foods to improve health and protect the environment.
• Train Educators: Equip teachers with modern resources and training to impart food literacy effectively.
• Practical Learning: Encourage school gardens, cooking classes, and real-life food literacy experiences.
• Empower Children: Position students as change-makers, influencing families and communities towards better nutrition and food sustainability.
Conclusion:
Building food literacy from a young age is critical to creating healthier, resilient future generations. By embedding nutrition education in schools, India and the world can address malnutrition, lifestyle diseases, and environmental degradation simultaneously. Urgent investment in structured, experiential nutrition learning will yield lifetime dividends for individuals and societies.
• Child cuddling is now being replaced by mobile phones. Discuss its impact on the socialization of children. (UPSC-2023)
#### UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 26 April 2025 GS Paper 3:
Cross-Border Infiltration
Syllabus: Security
Source: IE
Context: Following the Pahalgam terror attack that killed 26 tourists, the focus has shifted to strengthening India’s counter-infiltration grid along the Pakistan border.
About Cross-Border Infiltration:
• Cross-border infiltration refers to unauthorized movement of armed militants across international borders to carry out terror activities.
• Region Affected: Primarily impacts Jammu & Kashmir, particularly the Pir Panjal region, Poonch, Rajouri, Kathua, Doda, and now areas like Pahalgam.
Reasons Behind Cross-Border Infiltration:
• Porous Terrain: Rugged mountains and dense forests like Pir Panjal facilitate undetected movement.
• Seasonal Factors: Winter damages border fencing, creating gaps exploited by militants.
• Stealth Tactics: Highly trained terrorists use advanced, encrypted communication and minimal local contact.
• External Support: Active backing from Pakistan-based terror groups exacerbates infiltration attempts.
Government Steps Taken:
• Border Fencing: Initiated post-2003 ceasefire; as of 2010, infiltration success rate reduced to about 20% of attempts.
• Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System (CIBMS): Use of thermal imagers, radars, ground sensors, and aerial surveillance like aerostats.
• Smart Fencing Push: Plans for sensor-triggered alerts upon fence breaches to minimize human dependence.
• Deployment of Additional Forces: Heavy troop presence along LoC with night vision equipment and rapid repair units.
Challenges to Counter Cross-Border Infiltration
• Harsh Climate: Heavy snowfall damages nearly one-third of fencing annually, leading to temporary security gaps.
• Technology Constraints: Night vision devices have limited operational hours and face power supply issues in remote terrains.
• Human Fatigue: Difficult terrain and extreme cold exhaust personnel, reducing constant alertness.
• Delayed Infrastructure Modernization: Comprehensive sealing of the India-Pakistan border, initially targeted for 2018, now delayed to 2025.
Way Ahead:
• Smart Fence Technology: Deploy intelligent fencing capable of withstanding extreme weather and detecting breaches automatically.
• Improved Aerial Surveillance: Use of drones and aerostats for real-time monitoring of sensitive border zones.
• Rapid Repair Teams: Specialized teams for quick fencing restoration after snow damage.
• Enhanced Border Patrol Training: Equip soldiers with advanced surveillance gear and specialized mountain warfare skills.
• Strategic Investments: Allocate sufficient budget for upgrading surveillance infrastructure and resilience of border posts.
Conclusion:
Countering cross-border infiltration is crucial to ensuring internal security. Strengthening the physical barrier, deploying smarter surveillance, and investing in resilient forces are necessary to thwart future terror attacks and ensure peace in border areas.
• The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) by our adversaries across the borders. to ferry arms / ammunitions, drugs, etc., is a serious threat to the internal security. Comment on the measures being taken to tackle this threat. (UPSC-2023)
#### UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 26 April 2025 Content for Mains Enrichment (CME)
Humanity in Crisis: Pahalgam Case
Anecdote: As gunfire shattered the serenity of Baisaran Valley, often called ‘mini-Switzerland’ for its alpine beauty, Sajad Ahmad Bhat, a shawl hawker, rushed towards the chaos, guided only by a sense of humanity. Alerted by a WhatsApp message from Abdul Waheed Wan, the president of the Pahalgam Pony Association, Bhat and other locals sprinted towards the injured tourists. With tears in his eyes, he lifted a wounded tourist onto his back and carried them to safety, all the while recalling how the presence of tourists brought life and livelihood to their valley. “Humanity comes before religion,” Bhat said with deep emotion. Abdul Waheed Wan, who also helped ferry the injured to hospitals, spoke of the numbing horror he witnessed and stressed that the local community, devastated and traumatised, had no part in the terror. “We put ourselves at risk because helping was our first instinct. That’s who we are,” Wan echoed. Amid tragedy, their selfless actions became a powerful reminder that even in the darkest moments, humanity shines brightest.
Relevance to UPSC Exam Syllabus
• Ethics (GS Paper IV – Case Studies, Human Values, Compassion, and Empathy): The actions of Sajad Ahmad Bhat and Abdul Waheed Wan demonstrate compassion, humanity, and moral courage in crisis situations, making it a perfect real-life example for UPSC ethics answers, especially on empathy, altruism, and public spirit.
• Essay Paper: Themes like “Humanity in Crisis”, “Ethics in Public Life“, or “Acts of Courage and Compassion” can be enriched with such real-life anecdotes.
#### UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 26 April Facts for Prelims (FFP)
National Mission for Clean Ganga
Source: News on Air
Context: The National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) has approved an annual master plan to integrate river-sensitive urban planning under the River Cities Alliance (RCA).
About National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG):
• What it is: It is the implementation arm of the National Ganga Council for rejuvenating and managing the river, Ganga.
• Launched in: Registered on 12th August 2011 under the Societies Registration Act, 1860.
• Ministry Involved: Ministry of Jal Shakti (Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation).
• Objectives: Prevention and control of pollution in river Ganga. Ensure continuous adequate water flow for rejuvenation of Ganga. Implement river basin management strategies.
• Prevention and control of pollution in river Ganga.
• Ensure continuous adequate water flow for rejuvenation of Ganga.
• Implement river basin management strategies.
• Key Features: Two-tier management structure: Governing Council and Executive Committee, both headed by the Director General. Executive Committee can approve projects up to ₹1,000 crore. State Program Management Groups (SPMGs) act as state-level implementing arms. Functions under a five-tier structure from national to district level.
• Two-tier management structure: Governing Council and Executive Committee, both headed by the Director General.
• Executive Committee can approve projects up to ₹1,000 crore.
• State Program Management Groups (SPMGs) act as state-level implementing arms.
• Functions under a five-tier structure from national to district level.
About River Cities Alliance (RCA):
• What it is: A dedicated platform for river cities to exchange ideas, share best practices, and collaborate for sustainable urban river management.
• Launched in: 2021 by the Ministry of Jal Shakti and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
• Objective: Promote networking among river cities. Enhance capacity building for sustainable river management. Offer technical support and innovation-sharing platforms.
• Promote networking among river cities.
• Enhance capacity building for sustainable river management.
• Offer technical support and innovation-sharing platforms.
• Key Features: Open to all river cities in India; started with 30 member cities like Varanasi, Dehradun, Chennai, and Pune. Secretariat housed at the National Institute for Urban Affairs (NIUA).
• Open to all river cities in India; started with 30 member cities like Varanasi, Dehradun, Chennai, and Pune.
• Secretariat housed at the National Institute for Urban Affairs (NIUA).
Dr. K. Kasturirangan
Source: TH
Context: Prime Minister of India condoled the passing of Dr. K. Kasturirangan, a towering figure in India’s space and education sectors, who passed away at the age of 84.
About Dr. K. Kasturirangan:
• Who he was?
• Eminent astrophysicist and former Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Served as Secretary to the Government of India and Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha, 2003–09). Awarded Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Vibhushan for his contributions.
• Eminent astrophysicist and former Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
• Served as Secretary to the Government of India and Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha, 2003–09).
• Awarded Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Vibhushan for his contributions.
• Education:
• Specialized in high-energy X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy. Held leadership roles in prestigious institutions including National Institute of Advanced Studies and Karnataka Knowledge Commission.
• Specialized in high-energy X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy.
• Held leadership roles in prestigious institutions including National Institute of Advanced Studies and Karnataka Knowledge Commission.
• Field Associated With: Space Science, Satellite Technology, Remote Sensing, and Educational Reforms.
• Contribution to India:
• Space Sector: Spearheaded India’s transition from experimental to operational satellite missions during 1994–2003. Played a pivotal role in operationalizing PSLV and GSLV launch vehicles. Championed India’s entry into commercial satellite services by leasing INSAT-2E transponders to INTELSAT in 1999. Thematic Missions Launched: Initiated key satellite missions like EDUSAT (education), INSAT/GSAT (telemedicine), RESOURCESAT (earth resources), OCEANSAT (oceanography), CARTOSAT (cartography), Meghatropiques (climate studies), and ASTROSAT (space science). Conceptualized and nurtured India’s first lunar mission, Chandrayaan-1. Policy and Education: Chaired the committee that framed the National Education Policy 2020. Emphasized “Space for Society” through the National Natural Resource Management System (NNRMS) for applied satellite benefits. Legacy: Elevated ISRO to a fully operational national space agency. Inspired India’s new-age space exploration and educational reforms.
• Space Sector: Spearheaded India’s transition from experimental to operational satellite missions during 1994–2003. Played a pivotal role in operationalizing PSLV and GSLV launch vehicles. Championed India’s entry into commercial satellite services by leasing INSAT-2E transponders to INTELSAT in 1999.
• Spearheaded India’s transition from experimental to operational satellite missions during 1994–2003.
• Played a pivotal role in operationalizing PSLV and GSLV launch vehicles.
• Championed India’s entry into commercial satellite services by leasing INSAT-2E transponders to INTELSAT in 1999.
• Thematic Missions Launched: Initiated key satellite missions like EDUSAT (education), INSAT/GSAT (telemedicine), RESOURCESAT (earth resources), OCEANSAT (oceanography), CARTOSAT (cartography), Meghatropiques (climate studies), and ASTROSAT (space science). Conceptualized and nurtured India’s first lunar mission, Chandrayaan-1.
• Initiated key satellite missions like EDUSAT (education), INSAT/GSAT (telemedicine), RESOURCESAT (earth resources), OCEANSAT (oceanography), CARTOSAT (cartography), Meghatropiques (climate studies), and ASTROSAT (space science).
• Conceptualized and nurtured India’s first lunar mission, Chandrayaan-1.
• Policy and Education: Chaired the committee that framed the National Education Policy 2020. Emphasized “Space for Society” through the National Natural Resource Management System (NNRMS) for applied satellite benefits.
• Chaired the committee that framed the National Education Policy 2020.
• Emphasized “Space for Society” through the National Natural Resource Management System (NNRMS) for applied satellite benefits.
• Legacy: Elevated ISRO to a fully operational national space agency. Inspired India’s new-age space exploration and educational reforms.
• Elevated ISRO to a fully operational national space agency.
• Inspired India’s new-age space exploration and educational reforms.
Line of Control (LoC)
Source: HT
Context: Tensions escalated along the Line of Control (LoC) after ceasefire violations by Pakistan, following the Pahalgam terror attack which killed 26 people.
About Line of Control (LoC):
• What It Is? The Line of Control is the de facto military boundary between India and Pakistan in the regions of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. It is not an internationally recognized border but a ceasefire line accepted bilaterally under the Simla Agreement.
• The Line of Control is the de facto military boundary between India and Pakistan in the regions of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.
• It is not an internationally recognized border but a ceasefire line accepted bilaterally under the Simla Agreement.
• Established In: Originated from the Ceasefire Line (CFL) post-India-Pakistan war of 1947-48. Redefined formally as the Line of Control following the Simla Agreement signed on July 2, 1972.
• Originated from the Ceasefire Line (CFL) post-India-Pakistan war of 1947-48.
• Redefined formally as the Line of Control following the Simla Agreement signed on July 2, 1972.
• History: 1947-1948 War: First ceasefire line established after UN intervention and the Karachi Agreement of 1949. 1965 War: Pakistan violated CFL, leading to another ceasefire and the Tashkent Agreement. 1971 War: Resulted in a decisive Indian victory and new ceasefire lines; led to Simla Agreement 1972 establishing the LoC.
• 1947-1948 War: First ceasefire line established after UN intervention and the Karachi Agreement of 1949.
• 1965 War: Pakistan violated CFL, leading to another ceasefire and the Tashkent Agreement.
• 1971 War: Resulted in a decisive Indian victory and new ceasefire lines; led to Simla Agreement 1972 establishing the LoC.
• Region and Spread: The LoC stretches over 740 km from Manawar near Jammu to NJ9842 near the Siachen Glacier. It separates Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir (POK) from Indian-administered Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh.
• The LoC stretches over 740 km from Manawar near Jammu to NJ9842 near the Siachen Glacier.
• It separates Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir (POK) from Indian-administered Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh.
• Key Features: Military Control: Both sides maintain heavy military presence along the LoC. Non-Recognition: It is not recognized as an international boundary, maintaining the dispute on Kashmir. Simla Agreement Provisions: Both sides pledged not to alter the LoC unilaterally and to resolve differences peacefully. Strategic Importance: Vital for defense operations, maintaining ceasefire, and national security management.
• Military Control: Both sides maintain heavy military presence along the LoC.
• Non-Recognition: It is not recognized as an international boundary, maintaining the dispute on Kashmir.
• Simla Agreement Provisions: Both sides pledged not to alter the LoC unilaterally and to resolve differences peacefully.
• Strategic Importance: Vital for defense operations, maintaining ceasefire, and national security management.
CSIR-IMMT (Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology)
Source: DD News
Context: CSIR-IMMT signed two Joint Declarations of Intent with Russia’s Giredmet, Rosatom, and NUST MISIS to collaborate on critical mineral processing and sustainable resource development.
About CSIR-IMMT (Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology):
• What it is:
• CSIR-IMMT (Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology) is a premier research institute under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi.
• It specializes in mineral and material resource engineering and sustainable resource development.
• Founded on: 13 April 1964 (as Regional Research Laboratory, Bhubaneswar)
• Renamed: CSIR-IMMT in 2007 to align with a renewed focus on advanced mineral processing research.
• Headquarters: Located in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
• Objectives:
• To develop innovative, sustainable mineral and material processing technologies.
• To support industries in achieving zero-waste mining and promoting resource efficiency.
• To ensure the socio-economic benefits of mineral exploitation while protecting the environment.
• Functions:
• Conducts basic and applied research in mining, minerals, metallurgy, and material sciences.
• Provides consultancy services and technology transfer to industries through Public-Private Partnerships (PPP).
• Focuses on critical mineral technologies, advanced material processing, and zero-waste mining practices.
• Significance of Recent Pact:
• Strengthens India’s Critical Mineral Ecosystem: Critical for India’s Atmanirbhar Bharat and Viksit Bharat visions.
• Enhances Technological Capability: Joint research in process metallurgy and sustainable resource management with Russia’s premier institutes.
• Promotes Global Collaboration: Positions India as a key player in critical mineral technology innovations at the global level.
• Supports Green Transition: Sustainable mineral resource development is crucial for clean energy technologies like EVs and solar power.
#### UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS –26 April 2025 Mapping:
South Sandwich Islands
Source: TOI
Context: A rare video captured near South Sandwich Islands shows pig-tailed parasites (copepods Lophoura szidati) clinging to a deep-sea rattail fish, intriguing scientists about deep-sea parasitic biodiversity.
About Copepods:
• What are Copepods? Copepods are tiny aquatic crustaceans forming one of the most abundant multicellular groups in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. They are crucial links in aquatic food webs, connecting phytoplankton to fish, whales, and other predators.
• Copepods are tiny aquatic crustaceans forming one of the most abundant multicellular groups in both marine and freshwater ecosystems.
• They are crucial links in aquatic food webs, connecting phytoplankton to fish, whales, and other predators.
• Habitat: Found from polar ice caps to hydrothermal vents and deep ocean trenches. Live in freshwater, saltwater, underground caves, leaf litter, and moist soil.
• Found from polar ice caps to hydrothermal vents and deep ocean trenches.
• Live in freshwater, saltwater, underground caves, leaf litter, and moist soil.
• Characteristics
• Physical: Size: Usually 1–2 mm; parasitic species can grow up to 20 cm. Appearance: Transparent, teardrop-shaped body, long antennae, and a single red eye.
• Size: Usually 1–2 mm; parasitic species can grow up to 20 cm.
• Appearance: Transparent, teardrop-shaped body, long antennae, and a single red eye.
• Biological: No heart or blood vessels (except in Calanoida order). Breathe by absorbing oxygen through the body surface. Some species glow (bioluminescence) to escape predators.
• No heart or blood vessels (except in Calanoida order).
• Breathe by absorbing oxygen through the body surface.
• Some species glow (bioluminescence) to escape predators.
• Behavioural: Move by using oar-like antennae, can make quick “jumps” to avoid threats. Use pheromone trails to find mates.
• Move by using oar-like antennae, can make quick “jumps” to avoid threats.
• Use pheromone trails to find mates.
• Feeding: Can filter up to a million times their body volume in water daily, mainly feeding on phytoplankton.
About South Sandwich Islands:
• Location: Located in the South Atlantic Ocean, north of the Weddell Sea. Situated about 470 miles (760 km) southeast of South Georgia.
• Located in the South Atlantic Ocean, north of the Weddell Sea.
• Situated about 470 miles (760 km) southeast of South Georgia.
• Key Features: Group of actively volcanic islets extending over 190 miles (305 km). Entirely glacier-covered with harsh, uninhabitable conditions. Originally included with the Falkland Islands until 1985; now a British Overseas Territory along with South Georgia. Briefly occupied by Argentine military in 1976; retaken by Britain during the Falklands War in 1982.
• Group of actively volcanic islets extending over 190 miles (305 km).
• Entirely glacier-covered with harsh, uninhabitable conditions.
• Originally included with the Falkland Islands until 1985; now a British Overseas Territory along with South Georgia.
• Briefly occupied by Argentine military in 1976; retaken by Britain during the Falklands War in 1982.
Daily Current Affairs + PIB Summary (26 Apr 2025)
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