UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 12 April 2025
Kartavya Desk Staff
UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 12 April 2025 covers important current affairs of the day, their backward linkages, their relevance for Prelims exam and MCQs on main articles
InstaLinks : Insta Links help you think beyond the current affairs issue and help you think multidimensionally to develop depth in your understanding of these issues. These linkages provided in this ‘hint’ format help you frame possible questions in your mind that might arise(or an examiner might imagine) from each current event. InstaLinks also connect every issue to their static or theoretical background.
Table of Contents
GS Paper 1 & 3 : (UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 12 April (2025)
• Automotive Industry Landscape in India
Automotive Industry Landscape in India
• Dust Storm
Dust Storm
Content for Mains Enrichment (CME):
• Age-Tech Revolution in India
Age-Tech Revolution in India
Facts for Prelims (FFP):
• Gaurav Glide Bomb
Gaurav Glide Bomb
• Hybrid Paddy Seeds
Hybrid Paddy Seeds
• Thorium-based Small Modular Reactor
Thorium-based Small Modular Reactor
• Golden Tiger
Golden Tiger
• ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA)
ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA)
Mapping:
• Phawngpui National Park
Phawngpui National Park
UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 12 April 2025
#### GS Paper 1&3 :
Automotive Industry Landscape in India
Syllabus: Economy
Source: PIB
Context: India’s premier think tank, NITI Aayog, in collaboration with CRISIL, released the report titled “Automotive Industry: Powering India’s Participation in Global Value Chains”, outlining a strategic roadmap to make India a key global auto component manufacturing hub.
About Automotive Industry Landscape in India:
• Global Ranking & Output: India is the 4th largest automobile producer globally, with 28 million vehicles manufactured in 2023–24 across all segments (two-wheelers to commercial vehicles).
• Export Trends: Auto component exports reached $20 billion, forming 3% of global trade in 2023. India aims to triple exports to $60 billion by 2030.
• Domestic Market Growth: A booming middle class and policy incentives have led to increased demand for EVs and small cars.
• Value Chain Positioning: India’s trade ratio of auto components is 0.99 (balanced import-export), highlighting untapped export potential.
• Policy Support: Key government schemes include PLI, FAME-II, PM E-Drive, and ACC Battery Storage—catalysts for manufacturing scale-up.
Importance of Automotive Sector in Indian Economy:
• GDP Contribution: Accounts for 7.1% of India’s GDP and nearly 49% of manufacturing GDP.
E.g. India’s auto industry supports over 3 million direct jobs.
• Linkages with Other Sectors: Strong backward and forward linkages with steel, rubber, electronics, glass, IT etc.
E.g. 15% of India’s steel goes to automotive sector.
• Employment Generation: Potential to add 2–2.5 million jobs by 2030 with planned scaling.
E.g. Skilled and semi-skilled roles in OEMs, ancillaries, and EV startups.
• Technology Spillovers: Driving AI, battery innovation, and Industry 4.0 adoption across sectors.
E.g. Automotive is the biggest consumer of semiconductors after electronics.
• Export Competitiveness: Aims to increase GVC share from 3% to 8%.
E.g. India’s current share in global component trade: ~$20B out of $700B.
Key challenges faced by automotive industry:
• Cost Disadvantages: India faces ~10% cost disability compared to China, mainly due to higher material and capital costs.
E.g. India has a 100% depreciation rate vs. China’s 50%.
• Low Share in Precision Components: Only 2–4% share in engine and transmission systems, which form 60% of global auto component trade.
E.g. Weak competitiveness in ADAS, steering systems.
• Import Dependence: Heavy reliance on China, South Korea, Germany for high-end parts.
E.g. Imports from China: $2.8B in 2023–24.
• Infrastructure & Logistics Bottlenecks: Delays in multimodal connectivity and insufficient auto clusters.
E.g. Higher domestic freight costs reduce export margins.
• R&D and Skill Gaps: Inadequate industry-academia linkages, limited skilled workforce in EV and software-led automotive technologies.
E.g. EV battery cell manufacturing talent is limited.
Way Ahead:
• Expand Component Production: Scale up to $145 billion output by 2030, focus on emerging & precision segments.
E.g. Focus areas: EV batteries, ADAS, smart sensors.
• Boost R&D and IP Support: Strengthen innovation through fiscal R&D incentives, testing labs, and tech transfer schemes.
E.g. Cluster-based approach with IP cells and CoEs.
• Build Smart Infrastructure: Invest in logistics parks, plug-and-play clusters, and testing facilities.
E.g. Smart automotive hubs in Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra.
• Deepen Global Trade Linkages: Leverage FTAs, joint ventures, and branding support for “Made in India” auto components.
E.g. India-EU and India-UK trade deals in focus.
• Skill India for Auto GVCs: Launch GVC Skilling India Scheme to train for high-tech auto jobs.
E.g. Emphasis on battery tech, mechatronics, and vehicle software.
Conclusion:
India’s automotive sector is at a critical inflection point, offering immense opportunities to integrate into global value chains. With targeted reforms, skilling, and investment support, India can become a world-class hub for EV components, auto electronics, and precision systems, driving both domestic growth and global competitiveness.
• “Success of ‘Make in India’ program depends on the success of ‘Skill India’ programme and radical labour reforms.” Discuss with logical arguments. (USPC-2019)
Dust Storm
Syllabus: Disaster Management
Source: NDTV
Context: A severe dust storm hit Delhi-NCR with wind speeds reaching up to 80 kmph, killing one and injuring three. The IMD issued a red alert, and 15 flights were diverted due to poor visibility and high-speed winds.
Understanding Dust Storms:
• What are Dust Storms? Dust storms are intense winds that lift loose sand and dust from dry surfaces into the atmosphere, reducing visibility and air quality.
• Dust storms are intense winds that lift loose sand and dust from dry surfaces into the atmosphere, reducing visibility and air quality.
• Causes of Dust Storms: Natural Causes: Droughts, arid conditions, low vegetation, and strong pressure gradients. Human-Induced Factors: Overgrazing, deforestation, unsustainable farming, and land degradation.
• Natural Causes: Droughts, arid conditions, low vegetation, and strong pressure gradients.
• Human-Induced Factors: Overgrazing, deforestation, unsustainable farming, and land degradation.
• Regions Impacted in India: Rajasthan, Haryana, Delhi, Gujarat, and parts of Uttar Pradesh frequently experience dust storms during pre-monsoon months.
• Rajasthan, Haryana, Delhi, Gujarat, and parts of Uttar Pradesh frequently experience dust storms during pre-monsoon months.
Consequences of Dust Storms:
• Human Impact: Respiratory illnesses like asthma and bronchitis increase due to PM2.5 and PM10 particles.
• Respiratory illnesses like asthma and bronchitis increase due to PM2.5 and PM10 particles.
E.g. Delhi’s AQI dropped to 164, but exposure risk remained.
• Risk of injuries and fatalities from flying debris, collapsing structures.
E.g. Death of a 67-year-old in Delhi due to wall collapse.
• Governance Impact: Disruption of power supply, damage to infrastructure and public services.
• Disruption of power supply, damage to infrastructure and public services.
E.g. Power outages in North-West Delhi, tree falls blocking roads.
• Air and rail traffic delays affect emergency responses and logistics.
E.g. 15 flights diverted from IGI Airport.
• Animal Impact: Livestock face dust inhalation, eye irritation, and dehydration.
• Livestock face dust inhalation, eye irritation, and dehydration.
E.g. Reported cases of animal distress in storm-prone regions of Rajasthan.
• Migration patterns of birds disrupted due to low visibility and altered air currents.
• Geographic/Environmental Impact: Topsoil erosion reduces land fertility, worsening desertification. Dust storms carry pathogens, impacting water bodies and crops.
• Topsoil erosion reduces land fertility, worsening desertification.
• Dust storms carry pathogens, impacting water bodies and crops.
E.g. UNCCD reports 2000 million tons of dust emitted globally every year.
Measures to Counter Dust Storms:
• Early Warning Systems: IMD alerts, satellite tracking, and AI-based forecasting for real-time action.
• Urban Planning and Infrastructure: Underground cabling, wind-resistant structures, and green belts to block dust movement.
• Natural Resource Management: Reforestation, afforestation, and sustainable soil conservation practices.
• Health Preparedness: Medical advisories, free distribution of masks, and mobile health units in storm-prone areas.
• International Collaboration: Support from UNCCD, WMO, and regional bodies for joint mitigation strategies and policy frameworks.
Conclusion:
Dust storms, intensified by both natural and anthropogenic causes, pose significant threats to human health, infrastructure, and ecosystems. A holistic approach integrating early warnings, sustainable land use, and community resilience is vital for mitigating their impact.
• The process of desertification does not have climate boundaries. Justify with examples. (UPSC-2020)
#### UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 12 April 2025 Content for Mains Enrichment (CME)
Age-Tech Revolution in India
Context: India is witnessing the rapid rise of age-tech—a new sector using digital tools to support senior citizens—amid growing concerns over loneliness, cognitive health, and employability in a shrinking family setup.
About Age-Tech Revolution in India:
• Rise of Age-Tech Startups: Platforms like Sukoon and Wisdom Circle use technology to reduce loneliness and support purposeful ageing.
E.g. Sukoon’s AI tool interacts with seniors in over 100 languages, fostering companionship.
• Virtual Communities for Seniors: Digital groups enable seniors to build friendships, join events, and stay socially active in nuclear family settings.
E.g. WhatsApp groups for seniors in Bengaluru plan community trips and regular meetups.
• Post-Retirement Employment: Platforms like Wisdom Circle connect retirees with flexible job roles, enhancing dignity and productivity.
E.g. Over 95,000 retirees and 1,500 employers are on the platform.
• Health Tech & Mobility Aids: Startups like Ivory and Translead Medtech offer cognitive tests and assistive chairs to support brain health and mobility.
E.g. Ivory offers cognitive-age assessments; assistive chairs address rising knee-replacement trends.
• Digital Literacy & Inclusion: Startups like Elderra help seniors learn digital tools, reducing tech gaps and promoting safer online use.
E.g. Seniors struggle with app-based autorickshaw booking and online grocery services.
Significance of Age-Tech:
• Demographic Urgency: India’s elderly population is projected to double by 2050, necessitating scalable, tech-based support systems.
• Mental Health Advocacy: Age-tech acknowledges emotional health as vital, promoting connection, purpose, and well-being.
• Economic Inclusion: Encourages productive ageing through flexible job roles, reducing dependency and enhancing dignity.
• Healthcare Revolution: Early detection of neurodegenerative risks and accessible assistive tools improve quality of life.
• Bridging Tech Gap: Addresses rural-urban divide in accessibility, pushing for inclusive design and government collaboration.
#### UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 12 April Facts for Prelims (FFP)
Gaurav Glide Bomb
Source: NIE
Context: DRDO successfully conducted release trials of the long-range glide bomb ‘Gaurav’ from a Sukhoi-30MKI fighter jet.
About Gaurav Glide Bomb:
• What is it?
• ‘Gaurav’ is a precision-guided, long-range glide bomb developed to strike land targets from stand-off distances, i.e., beyond enemy air defence range.
• ‘Gaurav’ is a precision-guided, long-range glide bomb developed to strike land targets from stand-off distances, i.e., beyond enemy air defence range.
• Developer & Design Developed by DRDO in collaboration with Armament Research and Development Establishment (ARDE), Research Centre Imarat, and Integrated Test Range.
• Developed by DRDO in collaboration with Armament Research and Development Establishment (ARDE), Research Centre Imarat, and Integrated Test Range.
• Features & Capabilities Range: 30 km to 150 km (demonstrated close to 100 km). Weight: Winged version (Gaurav) weighs 1,000 kg; non-winged variant (Gautham) weighs 550 kg. Navigation: Uses inertial navigation system (INS) with satellite guidance and digital control.
• Range: 30 km to 150 km (demonstrated close to 100 km).
• Weight: Winged version (Gaurav) weighs 1,000 kg; non-winged variant (Gautham) weighs 550 kg.
• Navigation: Uses inertial navigation system (INS) with satellite guidance and digital control.
• Significance for India’s Defence Enhances IAF’s stand-off strike capabilities. Reduces risk to fighter aircraft by keeping them out of enemy air defence range. Strengthens India’s position in indigenously developed smart munitions. Aids in precision targeting, vital in modern warfare.
• Enhances IAF’s stand-off strike capabilities.
• Reduces risk to fighter aircraft by keeping them out of enemy air defence range.
• Strengthens India’s position in indigenously developed smart munitions.
• Aids in precision targeting, vital in modern warfare.
Hybrid Paddy Seeds
Source: IE
Context: Punjab government has banned the sale of hybrid paddy seeds ahead of the 2025 Kharif season.
• The decision follows rice millers’ refusal to accept hybrid rice due to low milling efficiency and broken grain output.
About Hybrid Paddy Seeds:
• What is Hybrid Paddy?
• Hybrid paddy is a crossbred rice variety developed from two different parent lines to increase yield, water efficiency, and early maturity. These varieties are non-Basmati and cultivated for commercial high-yield farming.
• Hybrid paddy is a crossbred rice variety developed from two different parent lines to increase yield, water efficiency, and early maturity.
• These varieties are non-Basmati and cultivated for commercial high-yield farming.
• Common Hybrid Varieties in Punjab: Sava 127, Sava 134, Sava 7501, 27P22, VNR 203.
• Key Features
• Higher Yield: Produces 35–40 quintals per acre (5–6 quintals more than regular varieties). Shorter Duration: Matures in 125–130 days, conserving water. Less Stubble: Helpful in reducing stubble burning issues.
• Higher Yield: Produces 35–40 quintals per acre (5–6 quintals more than regular varieties).
• Shorter Duration: Matures in 125–130 days, conserving water.
• Less Stubble: Helpful in reducing stubble burning issues.
• Reason for Ban by Punjab Govt
• Low Milling Efficiency (OTR): Millers report 60–63% Out Turn Ratio vs FCI’s minimum of 67%. Broken Grains: High grain breakage results in losses to millers. Farmer Losses: Lower procurement prices due to quality mismatch.
• Low Milling Efficiency (OTR): Millers report 60–63% Out Turn Ratio vs FCI’s minimum of 67%.
• Broken Grains: High grain breakage results in losses to millers.
• Farmer Losses: Lower procurement prices due to quality mismatch.
Thorium-based Small Modular Reactor
Source: BS
Context: Maharashtra signed an MoU with Russia’s ROSATOM to jointly develop a thorium-based Small Modular Reactor (SMR) — a first-of-its-kind initiative by an Indian state in nuclear energy.
About Thorium-Based Small Modular Reactor (SMR):
• What is it? A Small Modular Reactor (SMR) is a compact, scalable nuclear reactor designed for safe, efficient, and flexible power generation. Thorium-based SMRs utilise Thorium-232, a fertile material, to generate Uranium-233 fuel through transmutation.
• A Small Modular Reactor (SMR) is a compact, scalable nuclear reactor designed for safe, efficient, and flexible power generation.
• Thorium-based SMRs utilise Thorium-232, a fertile material, to generate Uranium-233 fuel through transmutation.
• Institutions Involved: MAHAGENCO (Maharashtra State Power Generation Company Ltd) and ROSATOM (Russia’s State Atomic Energy Corporation).
• Key Features of Thorium-Based Small Modular Reactor (SMR): Fuel Type – Thorium-232 → Uranium-233: Uses thorium, which converts into Uranium-233 through nuclear reaction for clean energy. Modular Design: SMRs are built in small units, allowing phased and cost-effective deployment. Compact Size: Suitable for remote and smaller regions due to its small footprint and setup ease. Passive Safety Systems: Designed to shut down automatically in emergencies, reducing accident risks. Regulatory Compliance: Follows Indian nuclear safety norms under AERB and Central guidelines.
• Fuel Type – Thorium-232 → Uranium-233: Uses thorium, which converts into Uranium-233 through nuclear reaction for clean energy.
• Modular Design: SMRs are built in small units, allowing phased and cost-effective deployment.
• Compact Size: Suitable for remote and smaller regions due to its small footprint and setup ease.
• Passive Safety Systems: Designed to shut down automatically in emergencies, reducing accident risks.
• Regulatory Compliance: Follows Indian nuclear safety norms under AERB and Central guidelines.
• Significance: Thorium Abundance: India has 25% of world’s thorium, mainly in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, offering energy independence. Energy Security: Reduces dependency on imported uranium and enhances long-term fuel security. Eco-Friendly Option: Produces less nuclear waste compared to conventional uranium reactors. Decentralised Clean Power: Can provide electricity to off-grid or underserved areas in a clean and reliable way. State-Level Innovation: Maharashtra becomes the first state to enter nuclear space, supporting ‘Make in India’.
• Thorium Abundance: India has 25% of world’s thorium, mainly in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, offering energy independence.
• Energy Security: Reduces dependency on imported uranium and enhances long-term fuel security.
• Eco-Friendly Option: Produces less nuclear waste compared to conventional uranium reactors.
• Decentralised Clean Power: Can provide electricity to off-grid or underserved areas in a clean and reliable way.
• State-Level Innovation: Maharashtra becomes the first state to enter nuclear space, supporting ‘Make in India’.
• Limitations: No Operational Reactor Yet: Thorium-based SMRs are still in testing phase with no active deployment worldwide. Needs Central Approval: Nuclear energy is under Central domain; states can’t implement it independently. High Setup Cost: Building reactors and safety infrastructure needs large investment and time. Weak Fuel Cycle Infra: India lacks full reprocessing systems for thorium; tech is still under development. Public Fear of Nuclear: Safety concerns and nuclear accidents in the past may affect public acceptance.
• No Operational Reactor Yet: Thorium-based SMRs are still in testing phase with no active deployment worldwide.
• Needs Central Approval: Nuclear energy is under Central domain; states can’t implement it independently.
• High Setup Cost: Building reactors and safety infrastructure needs large investment and time.
• Weak Fuel Cycle Infra: India lacks full reprocessing systems for thorium; tech is still under development.
• Public Fear of Nuclear: Safety concerns and nuclear accidents in the past may affect public acceptance.
Golden Tiger
Source: TOI
Context: A rare golden tiger, also known as a golden tabby tiger, was recently sighted and photographed in Kaziranga National Park, Assam
About Golden Tiger:
• What it is: Golden tiger or “golden tabby” is a rare colour variant of the Bengal tiger, not a separate subspecies.
• Location: Only four are known in the wild, all found in Kaziranga National Park, Assam.
• Scientific Reason: Caused by a mutation in the wideband gene that extends reddish-yellow pigment production (pheomelanin). Both parents must carry the mutated gene for the golden color to appear. Color is harmless, but inbreeding may cause genetic weaknesses.
• Caused by a mutation in the wideband gene that extends reddish-yellow pigment production (pheomelanin).
• Both parents must carry the mutated gene for the golden color to appear.
• Color is harmless, but inbreeding may cause genetic weaknesses.
About Kaziranga National Park:
• Location: Situated in Golaghat and Nagaon districts of Assam, at the edge of the Eastern Himalayas.
• Water Body: Nourished by the Brahmaputra River and several tributaries.
• Features: Home to 2,200+ one-horned rhinoceroses — nearly 2/3rd of global population. Kaziranga Park is home to world’s largest population of Indian Rhinoceros. UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985. Declared a Tiger Reserve in 2006 due to rising tiger numbers. Recognized as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International. Rich flora includes elephant grass, rhododendrons, cotton tree, and aquatic plants.
• Home to 2,200+ one-horned rhinoceroses — nearly 2/3rd of global population. Kaziranga Park is home to world’s largest population of Indian Rhinoceros.
• Kaziranga Park is home to world’s largest population of Indian Rhinoceros.
• UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.
• Declared a Tiger Reserve in 2006 due to rising tiger numbers.
• Recognized as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International.
• Rich flora includes elephant grass, rhododendrons, cotton tree, and aquatic plants.
ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA)
Source: News on Air
Context: The 8th Meeting of the ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA) Joint Committee concluded in New Delhi, focusing on modernizing the pact to boost trade.
About ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA):
• What is AITIGA?
• A free trade agreement (FTA) between India and the 10 ASEAN member states. Covers trade in physical goods, eliminating tariffs and reducing non-tariff barriers. Aims to enhance economic integration and bilateral trade.
• A free trade agreement (FTA) between India and the 10 ASEAN member states.
• Covers trade in physical goods, eliminating tariffs and reducing non-tariff barriers.
• Aims to enhance economic integration and bilateral trade.
• Origin:
• Signed in 2009 at the 7th ASEAN-India Economic Ministers’ Meeting in Bangkok. Implemented in 2010, often termed the ASEAN-India FTA. 2014: ASEAN and India signed a separate Trade in Services Agreement.
• Signed in 2009 at the 7th ASEAN-India Economic Ministers’ Meeting in Bangkok.
• Implemented in 2010, often termed the ASEAN-India FTA.
• 2014: ASEAN and India signed a separate Trade in Services Agreement.
• Key Features:
• Tariff Liberalization: Gradual reduction of import duties on over 75% of traded goods. Rules of Origin: Ensures only ASEAN-India goods get preferential treatment. Exclusion Lists: Sensitive items (e.g., agriculture, auto parts) excluded from tariff cuts. Trade Expansion: Bilateral trade reached $121 billion (2023-24), making ASEAN 11% of India’s global trade.
• Tariff Liberalization: Gradual reduction of import duties on over 75% of traded goods.
• Rules of Origin: Ensures only ASEAN-India goods get preferential treatment.
• Exclusion Lists: Sensitive items (e.g., agriculture, auto parts) excluded from tariff cuts.
• Trade Expansion: Bilateral trade reached $121 billion (2023-24), making ASEAN 11% of India’s global trade.
• Recent Developments:
• Ongoing Review: Discussions to modernize AITIGA for better usability and trade facilitation. 8th Joint Committee Meet (2024): Focused on making the agreement more trade-friendly and effective.
• Ongoing Review: Discussions to modernize AITIGA for better usability and trade facilitation.
• 8th Joint Committee Meet (2024): Focused on making the agreement more trade-friendly and effective.
#### UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 12 April 2025 Mapping:
Phawngpui National Park
Source: HT
Context: Nearly one-ninth of Mizoram’s Phawngpui National Park was affected by forest fires that originated from a jhum cultivation site in March 2025.
About Phawngpui National Park:
• Location: Situated in southeastern Mizoram, near the Myanmar border.
• Situated in southeastern Mizoram, near the Myanmar border.
• Known as the Blue Mountain, it is the highest peak in the state at 2,157 metres. Covers an area of approximately 50 sq. km and features a 10 km-long ridge with steep cliffs and grassy glades.
• Known as the Blue Mountain, it is the highest peak in the state at 2,157 metres.
• Covers an area of approximately 50 sq. km and features a 10 km-long ridge with steep cliffs and grassy glades.
• Biodiversity:
• Hosts diverse Montane Sub-tropical forests with oak, rhododendrons, and rare bamboo species. Critical habitat for endangered fauna such as the Mrs. Hume’s Pheasant (State Bird), Slow Loris, Tiger, Leopard, Asiatic Black Bear, and Capped Langur.
• Hosts diverse Montane Sub-tropical forests with oak, rhododendrons, and rare bamboo species.
• Critical habitat for endangered fauna such as the Mrs. Hume’s Pheasant (State Bird), Slow Loris, Tiger, Leopard, Asiatic Black Bear, and Capped Langur.
• Ecological Uniqueness:
• Only known habitat in India for Mount Victoria Babax, shared with Myanmar. Cliff ecosystems support rare birdlife like the Dark-rumped Swift, Blyth’s Tragopan, and Peregrine Falcon.
• Only known habitat in India for Mount Victoria Babax, shared with Myanmar.
• Cliff ecosystems support rare birdlife like the Dark-rumped Swift, Blyth’s Tragopan, and Peregrine Falcon.
• Conservation Challenges:
• Popular for trekking and eco-tourism, especially the Far Pak glade. Increasing frequency of forest fires due to jhum cultivation threatens habitat integrity and wildlife breeding cycles.
• Popular for trekking and eco-tourism, especially the Far Pak glade.
• Increasing frequency of forest fires due to jhum cultivation threatens habitat integrity and wildlife breeding cycles.
Daily Current Affairs + PIB Summary 12 Apr 2025
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