Reclassification of Major Minerals

Source: EET

Context: The Ministry of Mines, through a gazette notification, reclassified Barytes, Feldspar, Mica, and Quartz as major minerals from their previous minor mineral status.

About Major Mineral Reclassification:

What are Major Minerals?

• Major minerals are those regulated by the Central Government under the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 (MMDR Act, 1957).

• They include minerals with high economic and strategic significance, such as iron ore, coal, bauxite, gold, and now, Barytes, Feldspar, Mica, and Quartz.

Rules Governing Major Minerals:

• Regulated by: The Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM).

• Lease Period: Up to 50 years, as per Section 8A of the MMDR Act, 1957.

• Revenue Collection: Earnings from these minerals accrue to state governments.

• Auction Process: Major minerals are allocated through a competitive bidding process.

Minerals Reclassified as Major Minerals:

• Barytes: Used in oil drilling, electronics, radiation shielding, and medical applications.

• Feldspar: Essential for ceramics, glass, and paints.

• Mica: Key for electrical insulation, cosmetics, and the aerospace industry.

• Quartz: Critical for semiconductors, optics, and industrial applications.

Reasons Behind Reclassification:

• Enhancing Critical Mineral Exploration: Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica contain Beryl, Lithium, Niobium, and Tantalum, vital for energy, aerospace, and healthcare.

• Preventing Resource Misuse: Previously, minor mineral leases restricted the extraction of associated critical minerals.

• Boosting Scientific Mining: Barytes mining often results in the simultaneous extraction of Antimony, Cobalt, and Silver, requiring advanced mining techniques.

• Reducing Import Dependence: Strengthening domestic mineral supply for industries and national security.

Consequences of Classifying These as Major Minerals:

• Stronger Regulatory Oversight: Mining will now be under IBM supervision, ensuring scientific and sustainable practices.

• Increased Exploration and Investment: Encourages private investment in mineral extraction.

• Longer Lease Periods: Extended lease duration of 50 years, improving stability in mining operations.

• Higher Revenue for States: States will continue receiving mining royalties while ensuring better resource utilization.