Q5. (a) “The ‘Code of Conduct’ and ‘Code of Ethics’ are the sources of guidance in public administration. There is code of conduct already in operation, whereas code of ethics is not yet put in place. Suggest a suitable mode for code of ethics to maintain integrity, probity and transparency in governance. (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks

Introduction:

The ‘Code of Conduct’ provides a set of rules for public servants, ensuring compliance with laws. However, a ‘Code of Ethics’ focuses on moral principles like integrity, transparency, and fairness, crucial for value-based governance. While a Code of Conduct exists, an ethical framework is essential for improving public trust and accountability.

Body:

Code of Ethics is necessary because:

• Moral decision-making: Guides officials in choosing ethically sound actions.

E.g. The ethical lapse in the NEET scam highlights this need.

• Public trust: Fosters transparency, increasing public confidence in governance.

E.g. Trust was eroded during the Pegasus controversy.

• Preventing corruption: Encourages integrity and prevents misuse of power.

E.g. Karnataka Valmiki ST development frauds.

• Bridging the gap: Complements the Code of Conduct by focusing on values, not just rules.

E.g. The 2G scam reflected a lack of moral oversight.

• Self-regulation: Encourages personal responsibility in decision-making.

E.g. Unethical practices in public tenders demonstrate the need for such self-regulation.

Suggested Framework for the Code of Ethics:

• Core values: Focus on principles like honesty, impartiality, and public interest.

E.g. Inspired by the UK’s Nolan Principles of ethical governance.

• Clear accountability: Set clear penalties for ethical violations.

E.g. Lokpal’s role in holding officials accountable.

• Ethics committees: Establish ethics bodies to review and ensure adherence.

E.g. Public Sector Units’ ethics officers help institutionalize this process.

• Training programs: Mandatory ethics training for public servants.

E.g. DoPT’s focus on ethics training for IAS officers.

• Whistleblower protections: Ensure safety for those reporting ethical breaches.

E.g. Sanjiv Chaturvedi’s challenges highlight the need for strong protection.

• Periodic audits: Conduct regular ethical audits of public institutions.

E.g. Periodic audits can prevent future lapses like the Satyam scandal.

Conclusion:

A robust Code of Ethics is essential for enhancing transparency, integrity, and accountability in governance. It will promote value-driven decision-making, improve public trust, and prevent corruption, ensuring a more ethical, responsible public administration.