National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)
Kartavya Desk Staff
Source: Business Standard
Context: The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) took suo motu cognizance of a report revealing poor infrastructure and lack of manpower in Kerala jails, hindering inmates’ access to education.
About National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)
What is NHRC?
The National Human Rights Commission is an independent statutory body in India mandated to protect and promote human rights, including rights to life, liberty, equality, and dignity.
• Established: 12th October 1993 under The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993
• Amended Act: The Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2019
• Status: Statutory, autonomous, non-constitutional body
• Headquarters: New Delhi
Composition:
• Chairperson: A retired Chief Justice of India
• Members: One serving or retired judge of the Supreme Court One serving or retired Chief Justice of a High Court Two persons with knowledge of human rights Ex-officio members: Chairpersons of National Commissions (SC, ST, Women, Minorities, etc.)
• One serving or retired judge of the Supreme Court
• One serving or retired Chief Justice of a High Court
• Two persons with knowledge of human rights
• Ex-officio members: Chairpersons of National Commissions (SC, ST, Women, Minorities, etc.)
Powers and Functions
• Inquiry: Investigates complaints of human rights violations or negligence by public servants, it can act suo motu or on petition.
• Visits: Visits jails or detention centres to study conditions and recommend reforms
• Advisory Role: Recommends steps for effective implementation of safeguards under the Constitution and international human rights treaties
• Research and Promotion: Spreads awareness about human rights through publications, seminars, and training
• Judicial Powers: Has powers of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 for summoning, examining witnesses, and collecting evidence
• Recommendations: Can recommend relief or compensation to victims; however, its recommendations are not legally binding.