National Commission for Women marks its 34th Foundation Day

Source: PIB

Subject: Polity

Context: The National Commission for Women (NCW) marked its 34th Foundation Day at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, reaffirming its commitment to women’s rights and empowerment.

About National Commission for Women marks its 34th Foundation Day:

What is the National Commission for Women (NCW)?

• The National Commission for Women (NCW) is a statutory, apex body of the Government of India tasked with protecting, promoting, and safeguarding the constitutional and legal rights of women.

• It acts as a watchdog, advisory body, and grievance redressal mechanism on issues affecting women.

When was NCW established?

• Established: 31 January 1992

• Statutory basis: National Commission for Women Act, 1990 (Act No. 20 of 1990)

• Nature: Statutory body (not a constitutional body)

Historical background:

• The Committee on the Status of Women in India (CSWI) first recommended an apex body to monitor safeguards for women.

• The idea was reinforced by the National Perspective Plan for Women (1988–2000).

• After extensive consultations with NGOs, social workers, and experts, the NCW Bill was introduced in Lok Sabha in May 1990.

• The Act received Presidential assent on 30 August 1990, and the first Commission was constituted in January 1992.

Structure of the National Commission for Women:

As per Section 3 of the NCW Act, 1990, the Commission consists of:

• Chairperson: nominated by the Central Government, committed to the cause of women

• Five Members: from fields such as law, administration, education, health, social welfare, labour, or women’s movements *Mandatory representation*: At least one member each from SC and ST communities

• *Mandatory representation*: At least one member each from SC and ST communities

Key functions of the NCW:

The NCW performs wide-ranging quasi-judicial, advisory, and investigative functions, including:

• Review of safeguards: Examines constitutional and legal provisions for women and their implementation.

• Policy advisory role: Advises the Central and State governments on laws and policies affecting women.

• Grievance redressal & suo motu action: Takes up complaints and suo motu cases related to deprivation of women’s rights and non-implementation of laws.

• Legislative review & reform: Recommends amendments to existing laws to address gaps and shortcomings.

• Civil court powers: Has powers of a civil court, including summoning, examining witnesses, and requisitioning documents.

• Monitoring institutions: Inspects jails, remand homes, and women’s institutions where women are kept in custody.

• Research & advocacy: Conducts studies, promotes awareness, and supports litigation affecting large groups of women.

• Reporting to Parliament: Submits annual and special reports, which are laid before Parliament with Action Taken Reports.