[Mission 2024] STATIC QUIZ, 30 March 2024 – Environment

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We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Which of the following explains why we should move away from coal-based power generation? Coal emits nearly twice as much carbon dioxide as natural gas. Opencast mining and underground mining of coal affect the vegetation pattern. There are several occupational hazards associated with coal mining like Pneumoconiosis and asthma. Combusting coal also leaves behind partially burnt carbon particles that feed pollution and trigger respiratory disorders. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three d) All four Correct Solution: d) Coal emits nearly twice as much carbon dioxide as natural gas and about 60% more than oil, on a kilogram comparison having a greater role in global warming. Combusting coal also leaves behind partially burnt carbon particles that feed pollution and trigger respiratory disorders. Environmental issues associated with Coal Mining that is air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution etc. Opencast mining and underground mining of coal affect the vegetation pattern. Several occupational hazards are associated with coal mining: Pneumoconiosis (by inhaling coal dust), allergies and asthma, noise hazard etc. Incorrect Solution: d) Coal emits nearly twice as much carbon dioxide as natural gas and about 60% more than oil, on a kilogram comparison having a greater role in global warming. Combusting coal also leaves behind partially burnt carbon particles that feed pollution and trigger respiratory disorders. Environmental issues associated with Coal Mining that is air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution etc. Opencast mining and underground mining of coal affect the vegetation pattern. Several occupational hazards are associated with coal mining: Pneumoconiosis (by inhaling coal dust), allergies and asthma, noise hazard etc.

#### 1. Question

Which of the following explains why we should move away from coal-based power generation?

• Coal emits nearly twice as much carbon dioxide as natural gas.

• Opencast mining and underground mining of coal affect the vegetation pattern.

• There are several occupational hazards associated with coal mining like Pneumoconiosis and asthma.

• Combusting coal also leaves behind partially burnt carbon particles that feed pollution and trigger respiratory disorders.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• d) All four

Solution: d)

• Coal emits nearly twice as much carbon dioxide as natural gas and about 60% more than oil, on a kilogram comparison having a greater role in global warming.

• Combusting coal also leaves behind partially burnt carbon particles that feed pollution and trigger respiratory disorders.

• Environmental issues associated with Coal Mining that is air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution etc.

• Opencast mining and underground mining of coal affect the vegetation pattern.

• Several occupational hazards are associated with coal mining: Pneumoconiosis (by inhaling coal dust), allergies and asthma, noise hazard etc.

Solution: d)

• Coal emits nearly twice as much carbon dioxide as natural gas and about 60% more than oil, on a kilogram comparison having a greater role in global warming.

• Combusting coal also leaves behind partially burnt carbon particles that feed pollution and trigger respiratory disorders.

• Environmental issues associated with Coal Mining that is air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution etc.

• Opencast mining and underground mining of coal affect the vegetation pattern.

• Several occupational hazards are associated with coal mining: Pneumoconiosis (by inhaling coal dust), allergies and asthma, noise hazard etc.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements regarding Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have the property of long-range environmental transport (LRET). Exposure to POPs can lead to cancer and diseases of immune system. As we move up the food chain, concentrations of POPs tend to decrease so that animals at the top of the food chain tend to have the low concentrations of these chemicals. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. Atmospheric long-range transport is today considered as the major distribution pathways for many persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Exposure to POPs can lead to cancer, damage to central & peripheral nervous systems, diseases of immune system, reproductive disorders and interference with normal infant and child development. Uniqueness of POPs: POPs are lipophilic, which means that they accumulate in the fatty tissue of living animals and human beings. In fatty tissue, the concentrations can become magnified by up to 70 000 times higher than the background levels. As you move up the food chain, concentrations of POPs tend to increase so that animals at the top of the food chain such as fish, predatory birds, mammals, and humans tend to have the greatest concentrations of these chemicals. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. Atmospheric long-range transport is today considered as the major distribution pathways for many persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Exposure to POPs can lead to cancer, damage to central & peripheral nervous systems, diseases of immune system, reproductive disorders and interference with normal infant and child development. Uniqueness of POPs: POPs are lipophilic, which means that they accumulate in the fatty tissue of living animals and human beings. In fatty tissue, the concentrations can become magnified by up to 70 000 times higher than the background levels. As you move up the food chain, concentrations of POPs tend to increase so that animals at the top of the food chain such as fish, predatory birds, mammals, and humans tend to have the greatest concentrations of these chemicals.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).

• Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have the property of long-range environmental transport (LRET).

• Exposure to POPs can lead to cancer and diseases of immune system.

• As we move up the food chain, concentrations of POPs tend to decrease so that animals at the top of the food chain tend to have the low concentrations of these chemicals.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Atmospheric long-range transport is today considered as the major distribution pathways for many persistent organic pollutants (POPs).

Exposure to POPs can lead to cancer, damage to central & peripheral nervous systems, diseases of immune system, reproductive disorders and interference with normal infant and child development.

Uniqueness of POPs:

• POPs are lipophilic, which means that they accumulate in the fatty tissue of living animals and human beings.

• In fatty tissue, the concentrations can become magnified by up to 70 000 times higher than the background levels.

• As you move up the food chain, concentrations of POPs tend to increase so that animals at the top of the food chain such as fish, predatory birds, mammals, and humans tend to have the greatest concentrations of these chemicals.

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Atmospheric long-range transport is today considered as the major distribution pathways for many persistent organic pollutants (POPs).

Exposure to POPs can lead to cancer, damage to central & peripheral nervous systems, diseases of immune system, reproductive disorders and interference with normal infant and child development.

Uniqueness of POPs:

• POPs are lipophilic, which means that they accumulate in the fatty tissue of living animals and human beings.

• In fatty tissue, the concentrations can become magnified by up to 70 000 times higher than the background levels.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements regarding Carbonisation. It involves pyrolysis of organic carbon to produce coke. Wood does not undergo carbonisation. A major advantage of industrial carbonisation is that no carbon monoxide emissions are involved. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Only Statement 1 is correct. Fossil fuels generally are the products of the carbonisation of vegetable matter. The term carbonisation is also applied to the pyrolysis of coal to produce coke. Carbonisation is also a stage in the charcoal making process, and is considered the most important step of all since it has such power to influence the whole process from the growing tree to the final distribution of charcoal to various sources. The gas produced by carbonisation has a high content of carbon monoxide which is poisonous when breathed. Incorrect Solution: a) Only Statement 1 is correct. Fossil fuels generally are the products of the carbonisation of vegetable matter. The term carbonisation is also applied to the pyrolysis of coal to produce coke. Carbonisation is also a stage in the charcoal making process, and is considered the most important step of all since it has such power to influence the whole process from the growing tree to the final distribution of charcoal to various sources. The gas produced by carbonisation has a high content of carbon monoxide which is poisonous when breathed.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Carbonisation.

• It involves pyrolysis of organic carbon to produce coke.

• Wood does not undergo carbonisation.

• A major advantage of industrial carbonisation is that no carbon monoxide emissions are involved.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Only Statement 1 is correct.

Fossil fuels generally are the products of the carbonisation of vegetable matter. The term carbonisation is also applied to the pyrolysis of coal to produce coke. Carbonisation is also a stage in the charcoal making process, and is considered the most important step of all since it has such power to influence the whole process from the growing tree to the final distribution of charcoal to various sources. The gas produced by carbonisation has a high content of carbon monoxide which is poisonous when breathed.

Solution: a)

Only Statement 1 is correct.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements regarding Bagasse. Bagasse is the dry pulpy fibrous material that remains after crushing sugarcane or sorghum stalks to extract their juice. It is primarily composed of lignin. It is used as a biofuel for the production of heat, energy, and electricity. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 2 is incorrect. Bagasse is another by-product of the sugar production process. It is a dry and pulpy residue left behind when sugarcane stalks are crushed. There is a similar material called ‘agave bagasse’ made from the agave plant. Bagasse is principally used in the manufacturing process of paper, pulp and building materials as well as a biofuel for the production of energy, heat and electricity. Typically, dried bagasse is chemically made up of: 45-55% Cellulose 20-25% Hemicellulose 18-24% Lignin 1-4% Ash <1% Waxes Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 2 is incorrect. Bagasse is another by-product of the sugar production process. It is a dry and pulpy residue left behind when sugarcane stalks are crushed. There is a similar material called ‘agave bagasse’ made from the agave plant. Bagasse is principally used in the manufacturing process of paper, pulp and building materials as well as a biofuel for the production of energy, heat and electricity. Typically, dried bagasse is chemically made up of: 45-55% Cellulose 20-25% Hemicellulose 18-24% Lignin 1-4% Ash <1% Waxes

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Bagasse.

• Bagasse is the dry pulpy fibrous material that remains after crushing sugarcane or sorghum stalks to extract their juice.

• It is primarily composed of lignin.

• It is used as a biofuel for the production of heat, energy, and electricity.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is incorrect.

Bagasse is another by-product of the sugar production process. It is a dry and pulpy residue left behind when sugarcane stalks are crushed. There is a similar material called ‘agave bagasse’ made from the agave plant. Bagasse is principally used in the manufacturing process of paper, pulp and building materials as well as a biofuel for the production of energy, heat and electricity.

Typically, dried bagasse is chemically made up of:

45-55% Cellulose

20-25% Hemicellulose

18-24% Lignin

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is incorrect.

Typically, dried bagasse is chemically made up of:

45-55% Cellulose

20-25% Hemicellulose

18-24% Lignin

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question What do you understand by the term ‘Social Forestry’? Reducing the pressure on the traditional forest area by encouraging plantations on community land. Promoting commercial harvesting of timber and non-timber products from traditional forests by community to meet local demands. Which of the above statements is/are incorrect? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: b) The National Commission on Agriculture, Government of India, first used the term ‘social forestry’ in 1976. It aims at raising plantations by the common man so as to meet the growing demand for food, fuel wood, fodder, fiber and fertilizer (5 F’s) etc, thereby reducing the pressure on the traditional forest area. It does not aim at the displacement or exploitation of traditional forests, but supplementing them with community grown forests. Incorrect Solution: b) The National Commission on Agriculture, Government of India, first used the term ‘social forestry’ in 1976. It aims at raising plantations by the common man so as to meet the growing demand for food, fuel wood, fodder, fiber and fertilizer (5 F’s) etc, thereby reducing the pressure on the traditional forest area. It does not aim at the displacement or exploitation of traditional forests, but supplementing them with community grown forests.

#### 5. Question

What do you understand by the term ‘Social Forestry’?

• Reducing the pressure on the traditional forest area by encouraging plantations on community land.

• Promoting commercial harvesting of timber and non-timber products from traditional forests by community to meet local demands.

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: b)

The National Commission on Agriculture, Government of India, first used the term ‘social forestry’ in 1976.

It aims at raising plantations by the common man so as to meet the growing demand for food, fuel wood, fodder, fiber and fertilizer (5 F’s) etc, thereby reducing the pressure on the traditional forest area.

It does not aim at the displacement or exploitation of traditional forests, but supplementing them with community grown forests.

Solution: b)

The National Commission on Agriculture, Government of India, first used the term ‘social forestry’ in 1976.

It does not aim at the displacement or exploitation of traditional forests, but supplementing them with community grown forests.

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