Key Reports in News
Kartavya Desk Staff
#### Facts for Prelims (FFP)
Source: Multiple
Report Title | Key Findings | Recommendations
Lancet’s ‘Global Burden of Disease’ Study | Global Total Fertility Rate (TFR) halved from 4.84 (1950) to 2.23 (2021) | Implement pro-natal policies like child-related cash transfers.
India’s TFR: 6.8 (1950), 1.91 (2021), projected to fall to 1.29 (2050) and 1.04 (2100) | Increase access to contraceptives and female education further
In 47 countries fertility was below the replacement rate from 1950 to 2021 | Invest in social security and healthcare.
Improving access to contraceptives and female education are key factors driving declining fertility.
Fourth Global E-waste Monitor (GEM) 2024 Report | Record global e-waste generation: 62 million tonnes in 2022, up 82% from 2010 and is expected to rise further by 32% to 82 million tonnes by 2030 | Emphasize e-waste recycling. Increase awareness and regulations on e-waste management.
E-waste generation is increasing five times faster than documented e-waste recycling
India is among the world’s largest e-waste generators, producing 4137 million kg of e-waste.
The report is a collaboration between UNITAR’s SCYCLE Programme, ITU, and Fondation Carmignac. UNITAR specializes in innovative learning solutions to enhance global decision-making and support country-level action for a better future.
ILO’s Report “Profits and Poverty: The Economics of forced labour | Over 27 million people engaged in forced labour in 2021 | Follow the ILO Protocol of 2014 to Forced Labour Convention, 1930
Illegal profits from forced labour have risen by 37% since 2014. | Implement anti-forced labor laws
In India brick kilns industry, and carpet weaving industry are some of the largest employers of bonded labour
International Labour Organization (ILO) is the only tripartite U.N. agency, since 1919. It brings together governments, employers and workers of 187 member States, to set labour standards, develop policies and devise programmes promoting decent work for all women and men
WMO’s State of the Global Climate 2023 report | 2023 broke climate records (global average near-surface temperature reached 1.45°C above pre-industrial levels, making it the warmest year on record) | Transform the financial system for climate financing with an emphasis on concessional financing and de-risking
Climate finance nearly doubled in 2021-22 compared to 2019-20. 90% increase in funds went to China, USA, Europe, Brazil, Japan, and India. | Mobilize domestic capital.
Climate finance investments need to grow more than six times, by 2030 for a 1.5°C pathway | Improve data availability for better targeting of climate finance
The World Meteorological Organization (founded 1950; HQ: Geneva; Parent organization: United Nations Economic and Social Council) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for promoting international cooperation on atmospheric science, climatology, hydrology and geophysics.
Income and Wealth Inequality in India, 1922-2023: World Inequality Lab (WIL) study | Inequality in India declined post-independence till the early 1980s, after which it began rising and has skyrocketed since the early 2000s. | Improve economic data quality
The top 1% income share in India is among the highest globally. | Invest in health, education, and nutrition
Richest owns over 40% of India’s wealth. | Restructure the tax code to address income and wealth inequality e.g., a “super tax” of 2% on the net wealth of the wealthiest families can be imposed.
World Inequality Lab (est. 2013; HQ: Paris, France), is a research organization dedicated to studying global inequality dynamics. It operates with a network of over a hundred researchers covering nearly seventy countries and aims to extend the World Inequality Database