India’s growing role as a unifier in The Indian Ocean Region (IOR)
Kartavya Desk Staff
Syllabus: International Relation
Source: IE
Context: India’s growing role as a unifier in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) has gained attention, with recent initiatives like the Indian Ocean Conference (IOC) and SAGAR doctrine highlighting its efforts to foster regional cooperation and maritime security.
About India’s growing role as a unifier in The Indian Ocean Region (IOR):
Importance of IOR to India:
• Strategic Maritime Security: The Indian Ocean serves as a buffer against threats and a pathway for projecting naval power.
• Economic Lifeline: 80% of India’s external trade and 90% of energy imports transit through the IOR.
• Energy Security: Securing sea lanes of communication (SLOCs) is critical for India’s energy needs.
• Geopolitical Influence: The IOR is a platform for India to counter China’s “String of Pearls” strategy.
• Environmental and Disaster Management: The IOR is vital for climate stability and disaster response.
Measures Taken by India in IOR:
• Maritime Diplomacy: India conducts 17 multilateral and 20 bilateral naval exercises annually.
• Infrastructure Development: The Sagarmala Programme aims to modernize ports and enhance connectivity.
• Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA): The Information Fusion Centre – Indian Ocean Region (IFC-IOR) enhances real-time surveillance.
• Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR): India acts as a “first responder” in regional crises.
• Blue Economy Initiatives: India’s Deep Ocean Mission explores polymetallic nodules in the Central Indian Ocean Basin.
Challenges to India in Acting as a Unifier in IOR:
• Growing Chinese Influence: China’s “String of Pearls” strategy and military base in Djibouti challenge India’s dominance.
Example: Chinese investments in Hambantota (Sri Lanka) and Gwadar (Pakistan) encircle India.
• Maritime Security Threats: Piracy, terrorism, and illegal fishing persist in the IOR.
Example: The 2023 attack on MV Chem Pluto highlighted evolving maritime terrorism.
• Geopolitical Tensions: Strained relations with neighbors like Maldives and Sri Lanka hinder regional cooperation.
Example: The Maldives’ “India-Out” campaign reflects fragile bilateral ties.
• Climate Change and Environmental Degradation: Rising sea levels and cyclones threaten coastal security and economies.
Example: Cyclone Remal in May 2024 strained India’s disaster response capabilities.
• Non-Traditional Security Threats: Cyberattacks and drug trafficking pose new challenges.
Example: A ransomware attack on Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust in 2017 exposed vulnerabilities.
Way Ahead and Role of India as a Unifier in IOR
• Enhance Naval Capabilities: Accelerate the production of indigenous aircraft carriers and submarines.
Example: INS Vikrant’s success should be replicated for a stronger naval presence.
• Expand Strategic Partnerships: Strengthen ties with IOR littoral states and major powers like the US and France.
Example: The India-France-UAE trilateral initiative fosters regional cooperation.
• Boost Maritime Infrastructure: Fast-track projects like the Great Nicobar transshipment hub.
Example: The Sittwe Port in Myanmar enhances connectivity under the Kaladan project.
• Promote Blue Economy: Focus on sustainable resource exploitation and marine tourism.
Example: India’s Deep Ocean Mission explores polymetallic nodules for economic gains.
• Strengthen Disaster Response: Develop forward operating bases and enhance NDRF capabilities.
Example: INS Jalashwa’s aid delivery to Madagascar showcases India’s HADR leadership.
Conclusion:
India’s role as a unifier in the IOR is crucial for regional stability and security. By addressing challenges and leveraging its strengths, India can emerge as a net security provider and a leader in maritime diplomacy. A cohesive strategy and enhanced partnerships will ensure India’s dominance in the Indian Ocean Region.
• ‘Sea is an important component of the Cosmos’. Discuss in the light of the above statement the role of the IMO (International Maritime Organisation) in protecting environment and enhancing maritime safety and security. (UPSC-2023)