“India faces a triple challenge — persistent high fertility in parts, a looming ageing population, and urban disorder”. Discuss. What are the key drivers of this situation? Suggest policy reforms to address it.
Kartavya Desk Staff
Topic: Population and associated issues.
Topic: Population and associated issues.
Q1. “India faces a triple challenge — persistent high fertility in parts, a looming ageing population, and urban disorder”. Discuss. What are the key drivers of this situation? Suggest policy reforms to address it. (15 M)
Difficulty Level: Medium
Reference: NIE
Why the question Recent UNFPA 2025 findings and demographic trends show India approaching an ageing phase while certain states still face high fertility, creating complex policy challenges. Key demand of the question The question requires a discussion of India’s triple demographic challenge, an analysis of the drivers behind this situation, and a set of policy reforms to address these emerging issues. Structure of the Answer: Introduction Mention India’s demographic paradox of simultaneous ageing and persistent high fertility in lagging regions. Body India’s triple challenge: Describe high fertility pockets, ageing trends, and urban disorder. Key drivers: Analyse factors such as socio-economic disparities, gender inequality, healthcare gaps, rural joblessness, and weak urban governance. Policy reforms: Suggest measures on education, reproductive health, legal reforms, regional employment, and urban planning. Conclusion Highlight the need for coordinated long-term reforms to turn demographic challenges into opportunities.
Why the question Recent UNFPA 2025 findings and demographic trends show India approaching an ageing phase while certain states still face high fertility, creating complex policy challenges.
Key demand of the question The question requires a discussion of India’s triple demographic challenge, an analysis of the drivers behind this situation, and a set of policy reforms to address these emerging issues.
Structure of the Answer:
Introduction Mention India’s demographic paradox of simultaneous ageing and persistent high fertility in lagging regions.
• India’s triple challenge: Describe high fertility pockets, ageing trends, and urban disorder.
• Key drivers: Analyse factors such as socio-economic disparities, gender inequality, healthcare gaps, rural joblessness, and weak urban governance.
• Policy reforms: Suggest measures on education, reproductive health, legal reforms, regional employment, and urban planning.
Conclusion Highlight the need for coordinated long-term reforms to turn demographic challenges into opportunities.