How do vaccines function? Explain the types and the process of making vaccines.

Topic: Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.

Topic: Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.

4. How do vaccines function? Explain the types and the process of making vaccines. (150 words)

Difficulty level: Tough

Reference: The Hindu

Why the question: Researchers have unearthed two promising vaccine candidates that could engage B-cells to make broadly neutralising antibodies to attack HIV. Key Demand of the question: To explain about functioning, type and process of manufacturing vaccines. Directive word: Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts. Structure of the answer: Introduction: Start by defining a vaccine. Body: In the first, in detail write the functioning of a vaccine. Next, write about the various types of vaccines. Next, write about the process of making a vaccine – including antigen production (using live attenuated, inactivated, or subunit methods), purification, formulation with additives like adjuvants and stabilizers, extensive testing through clinical trials, regulatory approval, large-scale manufacturing, and distribution etc. Conclusion: Conclude by summarising.

Why the question:

Researchers have unearthed two promising vaccine candidates that could engage B-cells to make broadly neutralising antibodies to attack HIV.

Key Demand of the question:

To explain about functioning, type and process of manufacturing vaccines.

Directive word:

Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:

Start by defining a vaccine.

In the first, in detail write the functioning of a vaccine.

Next, write about the various types of vaccines.

Next, write about the process of making a vaccine – including antigen production (using live attenuated, inactivated, or subunit methods), purification, formulation with additives like adjuvants and stabilizers, extensive testing through clinical trials, regulatory approval, large-scale manufacturing, and distribution etc.

Conclusion:

Conclude by summarising.