DAY – 9 Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2024: Topic – GEOGRAPHY, Subject-wise Test 5,6,20, Textbook-wise Test 7 and August 2023 CA

INSTA 75 Days REVISION PLAN 2024

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• Question 1 of 30 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: Gravitational lensing is a phenomenon where a huge amount of matter creates a gravitational field that magnifies the light from objects behind it. Galaxies and quasars are the only gravitationally lensed objects that the modern telescopes have captured. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Answer: A Explanation: Einstein’s work hinted at a cosmic quirk of nature that boosts our view of distant astronomical objects. This phenomenon, called a gravitational lens, is a region of space that holds an enormous object whose gravitational field bends space and time. Statement 1 is correct: “Gravitational lensing” phenomenon occurs when a huge amount of matter, such as a massive galaxy or cluster of galaxies, creates a gravitational field that distorts and magnifies the light from objects behind it, but in the same line of sight. Statement 2 is not correct: Galaxies and quasars aren’t the only gravitationally lensed objects that Hubble Telescope has captured. The observatory has seen several gravitationally lensed supernovae, and astronomers were able to directly calculate the mass of a white dwarf star using Hubble’s observations of a gravitational lens. Source: Science and Technology Trend: Space exploration missions Approach: Factual/knowledge based question Incorrect Answer: A Explanation: Einstein’s work hinted at a cosmic quirk of nature that boosts our view of distant astronomical objects. This phenomenon, called a gravitational lens, is a region of space that holds an enormous object whose gravitational field bends space and time. Statement 1 is correct: “Gravitational lensing” phenomenon occurs when a huge amount of matter, such as a massive galaxy or cluster of galaxies, creates a gravitational field that distorts and magnifies the light from objects behind it, but in the same line of sight. Statement 2 is not correct: Galaxies and quasars aren’t the only gravitationally lensed objects that Hubble Telescope has captured. The observatory has seen several gravitationally lensed supernovae, and astronomers were able to directly calculate the mass of a white dwarf star using Hubble’s observations of a gravitational lens. Source: Science and Technology Trend: Space exploration missions Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements:

• Gravitational lensing is a phenomenon where a huge amount of matter creates a gravitational field that magnifies the light from objects behind it.

• Galaxies and quasars are the only gravitationally lensed objects that the modern telescopes have captured.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: A

Explanation:

Einstein’s work hinted at a cosmic quirk of nature that boosts our view of distant astronomical objects.

This phenomenon, called a gravitational lens, is a region of space that holds an enormous object whose gravitational field bends space and time.

Statement 1 is correct: “Gravitational lensing” phenomenon occurs when a huge amount of matter, such as a massive galaxy or cluster of galaxies, creates a gravitational field that distorts and magnifies the light from objects behind it, but in the same line of sight.

Statement 2 is not correct: Galaxies and quasars aren’t the only gravitationally lensed objects that Hubble Telescope has captured.

The observatory has seen several gravitationally lensed supernovae, and astronomers were able to directly calculate the mass of a white dwarf star using Hubble’s observations of a gravitational lens.

Trend: Space exploration missions

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

Answer: A

Explanation:

Einstein’s work hinted at a cosmic quirk of nature that boosts our view of distant astronomical objects.

This phenomenon, called a gravitational lens, is a region of space that holds an enormous object whose gravitational field bends space and time.

Statement 2 is not correct: Galaxies and quasars aren’t the only gravitationally lensed objects that Hubble Telescope has captured.

Trend: Space exploration missions

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

• Question 2 of 30 2. Question 1 points With reference to the Account Aggregators, consider the following statements: They essentially aggregate the financial data and create detailed profiles of the individuals. The data shared by them is encrypted by the sender and can be decrypted only by the recipient. Their network does not allow sharing of transaction data from savings or current accounts. How many of the statements given above are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Answer: A Explanation: Account Aggregator (AA) network, a financial data-sharing system that could revolutionize investing and credit, giving consumers greater access and control over their financial records and expanding the potential pool of customers for lenders and fintech companies. Account Aggregators cannot see the data; they merely take it from one financial institution to another based on an individual’s direction and consent. Statement 1 is not correct: Contrary to the name, they cannot ‘aggregate’ your data. AAs are not like technology companies which aggregate your data and create detailed profiles of you. Statement 2 is correct: The data AAs share is encrypted by the sender and can be decrypted only by the recipient. The end to end encryption and use of technology like the ‘digital signature’ makes the process much more secure than sharing paper documents. Statement 3 is not correct: The Account Aggregator network allows sharing of transaction data or bank statements from savings/deposit/current accounts. Source: Indian Economy Trend: Financial sector Approach: statement 1 and 3 can be eliminated as sharing of financial data is highly improbable as it poses a risk of data breach. Incorrect Answer: A Explanation: Account Aggregator (AA) network, a financial data-sharing system that could revolutionize investing and credit, giving consumers greater access and control over their financial records and expanding the potential pool of customers for lenders and fintech companies. Account Aggregators cannot see the data; they merely take it from one financial institution to another based on an individual’s direction and consent. Statement 1 is not correct: Contrary to the name, they cannot ‘aggregate’ your data. AAs are not like technology companies which aggregate your data and create detailed profiles of you. Statement 2 is correct: The data AAs share is encrypted by the sender and can be decrypted only by the recipient. The end to end encryption and use of technology like the ‘digital signature’ makes the process much more secure than sharing paper documents. Statement 3 is not correct: The Account Aggregator network allows sharing of transaction data or bank statements from savings/deposit/current accounts. Source: Indian Economy Trend: Financial sector Approach: statement 1 and 3 can be eliminated as sharing of financial data is highly improbable as it poses a risk of data breach.

#### 2. Question

With reference to the Account Aggregators, consider the following statements:

• They essentially aggregate the financial data and create detailed profiles of the individuals.

• The data shared by them is encrypted by the sender and can be decrypted only by the recipient.

• Their network does not allow sharing of transaction data from savings or current accounts.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Answer: A

Explanation:

Account Aggregator (AA) network, a financial data-sharing system that could revolutionize investing and credit, giving consumers greater access and control over their financial records and expanding the potential pool of customers for lenders and fintech companies.

Account Aggregators cannot see the data; they merely take it from one financial institution to another based on an individual’s direction and consent.

Statement 1 is not correct: Contrary to the name, they cannot ‘aggregate’ your data. AAs are not like technology companies which aggregate your data and create detailed profiles of you.

Statement 2 is correct: The data AAs share is encrypted by the sender and can be decrypted only by the recipient. The end to end encryption and use of technology like the ‘digital signature’ makes the process much more secure than sharing paper documents.

Statement 3 is not correct: The Account Aggregator network allows sharing of transaction data or bank statements from savings/deposit/current accounts.

Trend: Financial sector

Approach: statement 1 and 3 can be eliminated as sharing of financial data is highly improbable as it poses a risk of data breach.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Account Aggregators cannot see the data; they merely take it from one financial institution to another based on an individual’s direction and consent.

Statement 1 is not correct: Contrary to the name, they cannot ‘aggregate’ your data. AAs are not like technology companies which aggregate your data and create detailed profiles of you.

Statement 3 is not correct: The Account Aggregator network allows sharing of transaction data or bank statements from savings/deposit/current accounts.

Trend: Financial sector

Approach: statement 1 and 3 can be eliminated as sharing of financial data is highly improbable as it poses a risk of data breach.

• Question 3 of 30 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: The water footprint of a product is the total volume of freshwater used to produce the product calculated at all stages of the manufacturing process. Water neutrality can be achieved by reducing an activity’s water footprint while offsetting the negative externalities of the remaining water footprint. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Answer: C Explanation: The central role of water as a catalyst for action and progress across all SDGs is increasingly being recognized (SIWI 2023). Usage of terms like water neutrality, water footprint, water positivity is gaining importance. Statement 1 is correct: The water footprint of a product (good or service) is the total volume of fresh water used to produce the product, calculated across all stages of manufacturing process. It is a water use indicator that considers both direct and indirect water use. The volume of water consumed (evaporated) and/or polluted is referred to as water use. Statement 2 is correct: Water neutrality accordingly means reducing an activity’s water footprint as much as reasonably possible while offsetting the negative externalities of the remaining water footprint. Similar to Carbon Credits, water credits systems have to be promoted in Industries, Urban Local bodies in order to achieve water neutrality. Grey water footprint: volume of polluted water that associates with the production of goods and services. It is calculated as the volume of water that is required to dilute pollutants to such an extent that the quality of the water remains above agreed water quality standards. Source: Environment and Ecology Trend: Terms in News Approach: Applied knowledge- similar concepts are ecological footprint, carbon footprint Incorrect Answer: C Explanation: The central role of water as a catalyst for action and progress across all SDGs is increasingly being recognized (SIWI 2023). Usage of terms like water neutrality, water footprint, water positivity is gaining importance. Statement 1 is correct: The water footprint of a product (good or service) is the total volume of fresh water used to produce the product, calculated across all stages of manufacturing process. It is a water use indicator that considers both direct and indirect water use. The volume of water consumed (evaporated) and/or polluted is referred to as water use. Statement 2 is correct: Water neutrality accordingly means reducing an activity’s water footprint as much as reasonably possible while offsetting the negative externalities of the remaining water footprint. Similar to Carbon Credits, water credits systems have to be promoted in Industries, Urban Local bodies in order to achieve water neutrality. Grey water footprint: volume of polluted water that associates with the production of goods and services. It is calculated as the volume of water that is required to dilute pollutants to such an extent that the quality of the water remains above agreed water quality standards. Source: Environment and Ecology Trend: Terms in News Approach: Applied knowledge- similar concepts are ecological footprint, carbon footprint

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements:

• The water footprint of a product is the total volume of freshwater used to produce the product calculated at all stages of the manufacturing process.

• Water neutrality can be achieved by reducing an activity’s water footprint while offsetting the negative externalities of the remaining water footprint.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: C

Explanation:

The central role of water as a catalyst for action and progress across all SDGs is increasingly being recognized (SIWI 2023). Usage of terms like water neutrality, water footprint, water positivity is gaining importance.

Statement 1 is correct: The water footprint of a product (good or service) is the total volume of fresh water used to produce the product, calculated across all stages of manufacturing process. It is a water use indicator that considers both direct and indirect water use. The volume of water consumed

(evaporated) and/or polluted is referred to as water use.

Statement 2 is correct: Water neutrality accordingly means reducing an activity’s water footprint as much as reasonably possible while offsetting the negative externalities of the remaining water footprint.

Similar to Carbon Credits, water credits systems have to be promoted in Industries, Urban Local bodies in order to achieve water neutrality.

Grey water footprint: volume of polluted water that associates with the production of goods and services. It is calculated as the volume of water that is required to dilute pollutants to such an extent that the quality of the water remains above agreed water quality standards.

Trend: Terms in News

Approach: Applied knowledge- similar concepts are ecological footprint, carbon footprint

Answer: C

Explanation:

(evaporated) and/or polluted is referred to as water use.

Similar to Carbon Credits, water credits systems have to be promoted in Industries, Urban Local bodies in order to achieve water neutrality.

Trend: Terms in News

Approach: Applied knowledge- similar concepts are ecological footprint, carbon footprint

• Question 4 of 30 4. Question 1 points With reference to the Western Tragopan, consider the following statements: It is endemic to a narrow range in the Palghat Gap of the Western Ghats. It is a habitat specialist requiring undergrowth of bamboo and dense vegetation. It has been listed under the ‘Vulnerable’ category in the IUCN Red Data list. How many of the statements given above are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Answer: B Explanation: Statement 1 is not correct: Western Tragopan is among the rarest pheasants, endemic to a narrow range in the temperate region of the Greater Himalaya, between Northwest Frontier Province in Pakistan and western Uttarakhand in India. Statement 2 is correct: This species is a habitat specialist, favouring conifer and oak communities with sufficient undergrowth of bamboo and other dense vegetation. Their natural populations are small, highly fragmented and declining due to habitat loss and an overall reduction in the quality of the available habitat throughout its restricted range. Statement 3 is correct: The compounding factors, along with the increasing fragmentation of the population, have led to their inclusion under ‘Vulnerable’ (VU) category of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red Data list. Source: Environment and Ecology Trend: Important species- habitat and niche Approach: Factual/knowledge based question Incorrect Answer: B Explanation: Statement 1 is not correct: Western Tragopan is among the rarest pheasants, endemic to a narrow range in the temperate region of the Greater Himalaya, between Northwest Frontier Province in Pakistan and western Uttarakhand in India. Statement 2 is correct: This species is a habitat specialist, favouring conifer and oak communities with sufficient undergrowth of bamboo and other dense vegetation. Their natural populations are small, highly fragmented and declining due to habitat loss and an overall reduction in the quality of the available habitat throughout its restricted range. Statement 3 is correct: The compounding factors, along with the increasing fragmentation of the population, have led to their inclusion under ‘Vulnerable’ (VU) category of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red Data list. Source: Environment and Ecology Trend: Important species- habitat and niche Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

#### 4. Question

With reference to the Western Tragopan, consider the following statements:

• It is endemic to a narrow range in the Palghat Gap of the Western Ghats.

• It is a habitat specialist requiring undergrowth of bamboo and dense vegetation.

• It has been listed under the ‘Vulnerable’ category in the IUCN Red Data list.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 1 is not correct: Western Tragopan is among the rarest pheasants, endemic to a narrow range in the temperate region of the Greater Himalaya, between Northwest Frontier Province in Pakistan and western Uttarakhand in India.

Statement 2 is correct: This species is a habitat specialist, favouring conifer and oak communities with sufficient undergrowth of bamboo and other dense vegetation.

Their natural populations are small, highly fragmented and declining due to habitat loss and an overall reduction in the quality of the available habitat throughout its restricted range.

Statement 3 is correct: The compounding factors, along with the increasing fragmentation of the population, have led to their inclusion under ‘Vulnerable’ (VU) category of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red Data list.

Trend: Important species- habitat and niche

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 2 is correct: This species is a habitat specialist, favouring conifer and oak communities with sufficient undergrowth of bamboo and other dense vegetation.

Their natural populations are small, highly fragmented and declining due to habitat loss and an overall reduction in the quality of the available habitat throughout its restricted range.

Trend: Important species- habitat and niche

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

• Question 5 of 30 5. Question 1 points With reference to the Iberian Peninsula, consider the following statements: It is located on Europe’s southwestern tip. Russia is a part of this Peninsula. It lies entirely along the Mediterranean Sea. How many of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Answer: A Explanation: Statement 1 is correct: The Iberian Peninsula is located on Europe’s southwestern tip. It is part of the southern Europe peninsula, which comprises three peninsulas; Iberian, Balkan, and Italian peninsulas. The Iberian Peninsula’s southern tip is separated from the Africa continent by the narrow Strait of Gibraltar. Statement 2 is not correct: The peninsula is mainly occupied by Spain and Portugal. Russia is not a part of this Peninsula. Statement 3 is not correct: The Iberian Peninsula lies between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean and is separated from France by the Pyrenees mountain range. Source: Geography Trend: Places in News Approach: Statement 2 can be eliminated as statement 1 is correct. Statement 3 can be eliminated as it is highly improbable (“entirely” along the Mediterranean Coast) Incorrect Answer: A Explanation: Statement 1 is correct: The Iberian Peninsula is located on Europe’s southwestern tip. It is part of the southern Europe peninsula, which comprises three peninsulas; Iberian, Balkan, and Italian peninsulas. The Iberian Peninsula’s southern tip is separated from the Africa continent by the narrow Strait of Gibraltar. Statement 2 is not correct: The peninsula is mainly occupied by Spain and Portugal. Russia is not a part of this Peninsula. Statement 3 is not correct: The Iberian Peninsula lies between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean and is separated from France by the Pyrenees mountain range. Source: Geography Trend: Places in News Approach: Statement 2 can be eliminated as statement 1 is correct. Statement 3 can be eliminated as it is highly improbable (“entirely” along the Mediterranean Coast)

#### 5. Question

With reference to the Iberian Peninsula, consider the following statements:

• It is located on Europe’s southwestern tip.

• Russia is a part of this Peninsula.

• It lies entirely along the Mediterranean Sea.

How many of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The Iberian Peninsula is located on Europe’s southwestern tip. It is part of the southern Europe peninsula, which comprises three peninsulas; Iberian, Balkan, and Italian peninsulas.

The Iberian Peninsula’s southern tip is separated from the Africa continent by the narrow Strait of Gibraltar.

Statement 2 is not correct: The peninsula is mainly occupied by Spain and Portugal. Russia is not a part of this Peninsula.

Statement 3 is not correct: The Iberian Peninsula lies between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean and is separated from France by the Pyrenees mountain range.

Trend: Places in News

Approach: Statement 2 can be eliminated as statement 1 is correct. Statement 3 can be eliminated as it is highly improbable (“entirely” along the Mediterranean Coast)

Answer: A

Explanation:

The Iberian Peninsula’s southern tip is separated from the Africa continent by the narrow Strait of Gibraltar.

Statement 2 is not correct: The peninsula is mainly occupied by Spain and Portugal. Russia is not a part of this Peninsula.

Statement 3 is not correct: The Iberian Peninsula lies between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean and is separated from France by the Pyrenees mountain range.

Trend: Places in News

Approach: Statement 2 can be eliminated as statement 1 is correct. Statement 3 can be eliminated as it is highly improbable (“entirely” along the Mediterranean Coast)

• Question 6 of 30 6. Question 1 points Consider the following: Zoji La Bara Lacha La Shipki La Lipu Lekh How many of the above given mountain passes are located in Himachal Pradesh? a) Only one b) Only two c) Only three d) All four Correct Answer: b Explanation: Zoji La is a high mountain passlocated in the Kargil district of Ladakh. The pass links Leh and Srinagar and provides an important link between Union Territories of Ladakh and Kashmir. Zoji la is known as the “Mountain Pass of Blizzards”. Bara-lacha la, is a high mountain pass in Zanskar range, connecting Lahaul district in Himachal Pradesh to Leh district in Ladakh, situated along the Leh–Manali Highway. Shipki La Pass is located in the Himalayan Range in the state of Himachal Pradesh (Kinnaur). It is a Second Border post-trade with Tibet (China) after Nathu La. Sutlej River enters India (from Tibet) near this pass. Lipulekh Pass also known as Lipu-Lekh Pass/Qiangla or Tri-Corner is a high altitude mountain pass situated in It is an International mountain pass between India, China and Nepal. Hence, option (b) is correct. Source: Geography Trend: questions on Mountain passes and ranges have been asked in UPSC prelims Approach: Factual/knowledge based questions Incorrect Answer: b Explanation: Zoji La is a high mountain passlocated in the Kargil district of Ladakh. The pass links Leh and Srinagar and provides an important link between Union Territories of Ladakh and Kashmir. Zoji la is known as the “Mountain Pass of Blizzards”. Bara-lacha la, is a high mountain pass in Zanskar range, connecting Lahaul district in Himachal Pradesh to Leh district in Ladakh, situated along the Leh–Manali Highway. Shipki La Pass is located in the Himalayan Range in the state of Himachal Pradesh (Kinnaur). It is a Second Border post-trade with Tibet (China) after Nathu La. Sutlej River enters India (from Tibet) near this pass. Lipulekh Pass also known as Lipu-Lekh Pass/Qiangla or Tri-Corner is a high altitude mountain pass situated in It is an International mountain pass between India, China and Nepal. Hence, option (b) is correct. Source: Geography Trend: questions on Mountain passes and ranges have been asked in UPSC prelims Approach: Factual/knowledge based questions

#### 6. Question

Consider the following:

• Bara Lacha La

How many of the above given mountain passes are located in Himachal Pradesh?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) Only three

• d) All four

Explanation:

• Zoji La is a high mountain passlocated in the Kargil district of Ladakh. The pass links Leh and Srinagar and provides an important link between Union Territories of Ladakh and Kashmir. Zoji la is known as the “Mountain Pass of Blizzards”.

• Bara-lacha la, is a high mountain pass in Zanskar range, connecting Lahaul district in Himachal Pradesh to Leh district in Ladakh, situated along the Leh–Manali Highway.

• Shipki La Pass is located in the Himalayan Range in the state of Himachal Pradesh (Kinnaur). It is a Second Border post-trade with Tibet (China) after Nathu La. Sutlej River enters India (from Tibet) near this pass.

• Lipulekh Pass also known as Lipu-Lekh Pass/Qiangla or Tri-Corner is a high altitude mountain pass situated in It is an International mountain pass between India, China and Nepal.

• Hence, option (b) is correct.

Trend: questions on Mountain passes and ranges have been asked in UPSC prelims

Approach: Factual/knowledge based questions

Explanation:

• Bara-lacha la, is a high mountain pass in Zanskar range, connecting Lahaul district in Himachal Pradesh to Leh district in Ladakh, situated along the Leh–Manali Highway.

• Lipulekh Pass also known as Lipu-Lekh Pass/Qiangla or Tri-Corner is a high altitude mountain pass situated in It is an International mountain pass between India, China and Nepal.

• Hence, option (b) is correct.

Trend: questions on Mountain passes and ranges have been asked in UPSC prelims

Approach: Factual/knowledge based questions

• Question 7 of 30 7. Question 1 points Which of the following is the correct order of mountain ranges from north to south direction? a) Karakoram-Zaskar-Ladakh-Kailas b) Zaskar-Karakoram-Kailas-Ladakh c) Ladakh-Zaskar-Karakoram-Kailas d) Karakoram-Ladakh-Zaskar-Kailas Correct Answer- d Explanation: Hence, option (d) is correct. Source: Geography Trend: questions on Mountain passes and ranges have been asked in UPSC prelims Approach: Factual/knowledge based questions Incorrect Answer- d Explanation: Hence, option (d) is correct. Source: Geography Trend: questions on Mountain passes and ranges have been asked in UPSC prelims Approach: Factual/knowledge based questions

#### 7. Question

Which of the following is the correct order of mountain ranges from north to south direction?

• a) Karakoram-Zaskar-Ladakh-Kailas

• b) Zaskar-Karakoram-Kailas-Ladakh

• c) Ladakh-Zaskar-Karakoram-Kailas

• d) Karakoram-Ladakh-Zaskar-Kailas

Explanation:

• Hence, option (d) is correct.

Trend: questions on Mountain passes and ranges have been asked in UPSC prelims

Approach: Factual/knowledge based questions

Explanation:

• Hence, option (d) is correct.

Trend: questions on Mountain passes and ranges have been asked in UPSC prelims

Approach: Factual/knowledge based questions

• Question 8 of 30 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: Statement-I: The average elevation of the Himalayas above the sea level is higher now than the time it was formed. Statement-II: The frequent occurrence of earthquakes in the Himalayan region shows that the Himalayas have not yet attained isostatic equilibrium. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Answer: a Explanation: Studies show that India is still moving northwards at the rate of 5cm/year and crashing into the rest of Asia, thereby constantly increasing the height of Himalayas. According to estimates made by Godwin Austen, the average elevation of Himalayas was 2,400 m above sea level about a million years ago which has now risen to 3,050 m. Hence, statement 1 is correct. Evidence to prove that the Himalayas are still rising: Fossil formation found in Shivalik hills: Similar fossils have also been found in the Tibet Plateau. This indicates that in the past, Tibetan plateau and Shivalik hills shared a common location, similar level and thus similar vegetation, life etc.; then Tibetan plateau got uplifted. Desiccation of lakes of Tibet: In the Tibet plateau, we find deposits which are generally found in lakes. This indicates that lakes once existed in Tibet but because of upliftment the water got discharged and deposits remained. Frequent Earthquakes: The frequent occurrence of earthquakes in the Himalayan region shows that the Himalayas have not yet attained isostatic equilibrium. Isostatic equilibrium is an ideal state where the crust and mantle would settle down in absence of disturbing forces. Hence, statement 2 is correct and it proves that the elevation of Himalayas is increasing over time. Youthful nature of rivers (High erosion, v-shaped valleys etc.) Hence, option (a) is correct. Source: Geography Trend: Geo-physical features of Himalayas Approach: applied knowledge- Himalayas are young fold mountains- tectonic activity and mountain building process continues. Incorrect Answer: a Explanation: Studies show that India is still moving northwards at the rate of 5cm/year and crashing into the rest of Asia, thereby constantly increasing the height of Himalayas. According to estimates made by Godwin Austen, the average elevation of Himalayas was 2,400 m above sea level about a million years ago which has now risen to 3,050 m. Hence, statement 1 is correct. Evidence to prove that the Himalayas are still rising: Fossil formation found in Shivalik hills: Similar fossils have also been found in the Tibet Plateau. This indicates that in the past, Tibetan plateau and Shivalik hills shared a common location, similar level and thus similar vegetation, life etc.; then Tibetan plateau got uplifted. Desiccation of lakes of Tibet: In the Tibet plateau, we find deposits which are generally found in lakes. This indicates that lakes once existed in Tibet but because of upliftment the water got discharged and deposits remained. Frequent Earthquakes: The frequent occurrence of earthquakes in the Himalayan region shows that the Himalayas have not yet attained isostatic equilibrium. Isostatic equilibrium is an ideal state where the crust and mantle would settle down in absence of disturbing forces. Hence, statement 2 is correct and it proves that the elevation of Himalayas is increasing over time. Youthful nature of rivers (High erosion, v-shaped valleys etc.) Hence, option (a) is correct. Source: Geography Trend: Geo-physical features of Himalayas Approach: applied knowledge- Himalayas are young fold mountains- tectonic activity and mountain building process continues.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements:

Statement-I:

The average elevation of the Himalayas above the sea level is higher now than the time it was formed.

Statement-II:

The frequent occurrence of earthquakes in the Himalayan region shows that the Himalayas have not yet attained isostatic equilibrium.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Explanation:

• Studies show that India is still moving northwards at the rate of 5cm/year and crashing into the rest of Asia, thereby constantly increasing the height of Himalayas.

• According to estimates made by Godwin Austen, the average elevation of Himalayas was 2,400 m above sea level about a million years ago which has now risen to 3,050 m. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

• Evidence to prove that the Himalayas are still rising:

• Fossil formation found in Shivalik hills: Similar fossils have also been found in the Tibet Plateau. This indicates that in the past, Tibetan plateau and Shivalik hills shared a common location, similar level and thus similar vegetation, life etc.; then Tibetan plateau got uplifted.

• Desiccation of lakes of Tibet: In the Tibet plateau, we find deposits which are generally found in lakes. This indicates that lakes once existed in Tibet but because of upliftment the water got discharged and deposits remained.

• Frequent Earthquakes: The frequent occurrence of earthquakes in the Himalayan region shows that the Himalayas have not yet attained isostatic equilibrium. Isostatic equilibrium is an ideal state where the crust and mantle would settle down in absence of disturbing forces. Hence, statement 2 is correct and it proves that the elevation of Himalayas is increasing over time.

• Youthful nature of rivers (High erosion, v-shaped valleys etc.)

• Hence, option (a) is correct.

Trend: Geo-physical features of Himalayas

Approach: applied knowledge- Himalayas are young fold mountains- tectonic activity and mountain building process continues.

Explanation:

• Studies show that India is still moving northwards at the rate of 5cm/year and crashing into the rest of Asia, thereby constantly increasing the height of Himalayas.

• Evidence to prove that the Himalayas are still rising:

• Youthful nature of rivers (High erosion, v-shaped valleys etc.)

• Hence, option (a) is correct.

Trend: Geo-physical features of Himalayas

Approach: applied knowledge- Himalayas are young fold mountains- tectonic activity and mountain building process continues.

• Question 9 of 30 9. Question 1 points In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Assertion (R): The Himalayas are narrower in Kashmir and wider in Arunachal Pradesh. Reason (R): The Himalayan mountains on their Western and Eastern extremities are sharply bent southward in deep Knee-bend flexures that are called syntaxial bends. Select the correct answer from the code given below: a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true. Correct Answer: d Explanation: The two large landmasses, India and Eurasia, driven by plate movement, collided. As a result, the sediments accumulated in Tethys Sea (brought by rivers) were compressed, squeezed and series of folds were formed, one behind the other, giving birth to folded mountains of the The Himalayas form an arcuate curve which is convex to the south. This curved shape of the Himalayas is attributed to the maximum push offered at the two ends on the Indian peninsula during its northward drift. In the north-west, it was done by Aravalis and in the Northeast by the Assam ranges. The Himalayas are wider in the west than in the east. The width varies from 400 km in Kashmir to 150 km in Arunachal Pradesh. The main reason behind this difference is that the compressive force was more in the east than in the west. That is why high mountain peaks like Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga are present in the Eastern Himalayas. Hence, A is false. The gently arching ranges of the Himalayan mountains on their Western and Eastern extremities are sharply bent southward in deep Knee-bend flexures that are called syntaxial bends. On both the ends, the great mountains appear to bend around a pivotal point. The western point is situated near Nanga parbat where the Karakoram meets the Hindu Kush. A similar sharp, almost hairpin bend occurs on the eastern limit of Arunachal Pradesh near Namcha Barwa where the direction of the mountain changes sharply from the Easterly to Southerly trend. Hence, R is true. Hence, option (d) is correct. Source: Geography Trend: Question on syntaxial bending of Himalayas have been asked in UPSC prelims 2011. Approach: applied knowledge- Himalayas are young fold mountains- tectonic activity and mountain building process continues. Incorrect Answer: d Explanation: The two large landmasses, India and Eurasia, driven by plate movement, collided. As a result, the sediments accumulated in Tethys Sea (brought by rivers) were compressed, squeezed and series of folds were formed, one behind the other, giving birth to folded mountains of the The Himalayas form an arcuate curve which is convex to the south. This curved shape of the Himalayas is attributed to the maximum push offered at the two ends on the Indian peninsula during its northward drift. In the north-west, it was done by Aravalis and in the Northeast by the Assam ranges. The Himalayas are wider in the west than in the east. The width varies from 400 km in Kashmir to 150 km in Arunachal Pradesh. The main reason behind this difference is that the compressive force was more in the east than in the west. That is why high mountain peaks like Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga are present in the Eastern Himalayas. Hence, A is false. The gently arching ranges of the Himalayan mountains on their Western and Eastern extremities are sharply bent southward in deep Knee-bend flexures that are called syntaxial bends. On both the ends, the great mountains appear to bend around a pivotal point. The western point is situated near Nanga parbat where the Karakoram meets the Hindu Kush. A similar sharp, almost hairpin bend occurs on the eastern limit of Arunachal Pradesh near Namcha Barwa where the direction of the mountain changes sharply from the Easterly to Southerly trend. Hence, R is true. Hence, option (d) is correct. Source: Geography Trend: Question on syntaxial bending of Himalayas have been asked in UPSC prelims 2011. Approach: applied knowledge- Himalayas are young fold mountains- tectonic activity and mountain building process continues.

#### 9. Question

In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).

Assertion (R): The Himalayas are narrower in Kashmir and wider in Arunachal Pradesh.

Reason (R): The Himalayan mountains on their Western and Eastern extremities are sharply bent southward in deep Knee-bend flexures that are called syntaxial bends.

Select the correct answer from the code given below:

• a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

• b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

• c) A is true but R is false.

• d) A is false but R is true.

Explanation:

• The two large landmasses, India and Eurasia, driven by plate movement, collided. As a result, the sediments accumulated in Tethys Sea (brought by rivers) were compressed, squeezed and series of folds were formed, one behind the other, giving birth to folded mountains of the

• The Himalayas form an arcuate curve which is convex to the south. This curved shape of the Himalayas is attributed to the maximum push offered at the two ends on the Indian peninsula during its northward drift. In the north-west, it was done by Aravalis and in the Northeast by the Assam ranges.

• The Himalayas are wider in the west than in the east. The width varies from 400 km in Kashmir to 150 km in Arunachal Pradesh. The main reason behind this difference is that the compressive force was more in the east than in the west. That is why high mountain peaks like Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga are present in the Eastern Himalayas. Hence, A is false.

• The gently arching ranges of the Himalayan mountains on their Western and Eastern extremities are sharply bent southward in deep Knee-bend flexures that are called syntaxial bends. On both the ends, the great mountains appear to bend around a pivotal point. The western point is situated near Nanga parbat where the Karakoram meets the Hindu Kush. A similar sharp, almost hairpin bend occurs on the eastern limit of Arunachal Pradesh near Namcha Barwa where the direction of the mountain changes sharply from the Easterly to Southerly trend. Hence, R is true.

• Hence, option (d) is correct.

Trend: Question on syntaxial bending of Himalayas have been asked in UPSC prelims 2011.

Approach: applied knowledge- Himalayas are young fold mountains- tectonic activity and mountain building process continues.

Explanation:

• Hence, option (d) is correct.

Trend: Question on syntaxial bending of Himalayas have been asked in UPSC prelims 2011.

Approach: applied knowledge- Himalayas are young fold mountains- tectonic activity and mountain building process continues.

• Question 10 of 30 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: The Karakoram Range has the most glacier development in India. The Siachen Glacier has the distinction of being the largest glacier outside the polar and the sub-polar regions. Shyok River originates from the Siachen Glacier. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 1 and 2 only d) 1,2 and 3 Correct Answer: a Explanation: There are about 15,000 glaciers in the Himalayas. Total area of Himalayas is about five lakh square kilometres (Area of India is nearly 32 lakh sq km). About 33,000 sq km area is covered by snow. The snow line (the lowest level of perpetual snow) varies in different parts of the Himalayas depending upon latitude, amount of precipitation and local topography. Glaciers of the Karakoram Range: Maximum development of glaciers occurs in the Karakoram Range. Some of the largest glaciers outside the polar and sub-polar regions are found in this range. The southern side of this range has many gigantic glaciers. Hence, statement 1 is correct. The 75 km long Siachen Glacier in Nubra valley has the distinction of being the second largest glacier outside the polar and the sub-polar regions. The largest is the 77 km long Fedchenko Glacier (Pamirs). Hence, statement 2 is incorrect. Third largest is the Hispar Glacier. It is 62 km long and occupies a tributary of the Hunza River. Siachen glacier is a source to the Nubra River which later joins the Shyok River. The glacier’s melting waters are the main source of the Nubra River in the Indian region of Ladakh, which drains into the Shyok River. The Shyok in turn joins the Indus River which flows through Pakistan. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect. Source: Geography Trend: Question on Siachen glacier and Karakoram have been asked in UPSC prelims 2019, 2020 Approach: Factual/knowledge based question Incorrect Answer: a Explanation: There are about 15,000 glaciers in the Himalayas. Total area of Himalayas is about five lakh square kilometres (Area of India is nearly 32 lakh sq km). About 33,000 sq km area is covered by snow. The snow line (the lowest level of perpetual snow) varies in different parts of the Himalayas depending upon latitude, amount of precipitation and local topography. Glaciers of the Karakoram Range: Maximum development of glaciers occurs in the Karakoram Range. Some of the largest glaciers outside the polar and sub-polar regions are found in this range. The southern side of this range has many gigantic glaciers. Hence, statement 1 is correct. The 75 km long Siachen Glacier in Nubra valley has the distinction of being the second largest glacier outside the polar and the sub-polar regions. The largest is the 77 km long Fedchenko Glacier (Pamirs). Hence, statement 2 is incorrect. Third largest is the Hispar Glacier. It is 62 km long and occupies a tributary of the Hunza River. Siachen glacier is a source to the Nubra River which later joins the Shyok River. The glacier’s melting waters are the main source of the Nubra River in the Indian region of Ladakh, which drains into the Shyok River. The Shyok in turn joins the Indus River which flows through Pakistan. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect. Source: Geography Trend: Question on Siachen glacier and Karakoram have been asked in UPSC prelims 2019, 2020 Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements:

• The Karakoram Range has the most glacier development in India.

• The Siachen Glacier has the distinction of being the largest glacier outside the polar and the sub-polar regions.

• Shyok River originates from the Siachen Glacier.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• c) 1 and 2 only

• d) 1,2 and 3

Explanation:

• There are about 15,000 glaciers in the Himalayas. Total area of Himalayas is about five lakh square kilometres (Area of India is nearly 32 lakh sq km). About 33,000 sq km area is covered by snow. The snow line (the lowest level of perpetual snow) varies in different parts of the Himalayas depending upon latitude, amount of precipitation and local topography.

• Glaciers of the Karakoram Range:

• Maximum development of glaciers occurs in the Karakoram Range. Some of the largest glaciers outside the polar and sub-polar regions are found in this range. The southern side of this range has many gigantic glaciers. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

• The 75 km long Siachen Glacier in Nubra valley has the distinction of being the second largest glacier outside the polar and the sub-polar regions. The largest is the 77 km long Fedchenko Glacier (Pamirs). Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

• Third largest is the Hispar Glacier. It is 62 km long and occupies a tributary of the Hunza River.

• Siachen glacier is a source to the Nubra River which later joins the Shyok River. The glacier’s melting waters are the main source of the Nubra River in the Indian region of Ladakh, which drains into the Shyok River. The Shyok in turn joins the Indus River which flows through Pakistan. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

Trend: Question on Siachen glacier and Karakoram have been asked in UPSC prelims 2019, 2020

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

Explanation:

• Glaciers of the Karakoram Range:

• Third largest is the Hispar Glacier. It is 62 km long and occupies a tributary of the Hunza River.

Trend: Question on Siachen glacier and Karakoram have been asked in UPSC prelims 2019, 2020

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

• Question 11 of 30 11. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: Reh and Kallar are different names given to saline and alkaline soils in different parts of northern India. Bhur is an elevated piece of land formed due to the accumulation of sand as a result of winds during hot dry months. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Answer: c Explanation: Saline and alkaline soils are known by different names in different regions of India. Some of these names are: – Reh: These soils are called Reh in the Indus plains of Pakistan and India. – Kallar:is the name given to saline and alkaline soils in Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh. Hence, statement 1 is correct. Bhur is an elevated piece of land along the banks of the upper Ganga-Yamuna Doab. It is undulated, aeolian sandy deposits formed due to the accumulation of sand as a result of winds during hot dry months. The Barind plains in the deltaic region of West Bengal is famous for bhur formation. Hence, statement 2 is correct. Hence, option (c) is correct. Source: Geography Trend: Types of soil Approach: Factual/knowledge based question Incorrect Answer: c Explanation: Saline and alkaline soils are known by different names in different regions of India. Some of these names are: – Reh: These soils are called Reh in the Indus plains of Pakistan and India. – Kallar:is the name given to saline and alkaline soils in Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh. Hence, statement 1 is correct. Bhur is an elevated piece of land along the banks of the upper Ganga-Yamuna Doab. It is undulated, aeolian sandy deposits formed due to the accumulation of sand as a result of winds during hot dry months. The Barind plains in the deltaic region of West Bengal is famous for bhur formation. Hence, statement 2 is correct. Hence, option (c) is correct. Source: Geography Trend: Types of soil Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

#### 11. Question

Consider the following statements:

• Reh and Kallar are different names given to saline and alkaline soils in different parts of northern India.

• Bhur is an elevated piece of land formed due to the accumulation of sand as a result of winds during hot dry months.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation:

• Saline and alkaline soils are known by different names in different regions of India. Some of these names are: – Reh: These soils are called Reh in the Indus plains of Pakistan and India. – Kallar:is the name given to saline and alkaline soils in Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

• Bhur is an elevated piece of land along the banks of the upper Ganga-Yamuna Doab. It is undulated, aeolian sandy deposits formed due to the accumulation of sand as a result of winds during hot dry months. The Barind plains in the deltaic region of West Bengal is famous for bhur formation. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

• Hence, option (c) is correct.

Trend: Types of soil

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

Explanation:

• Hence, option (c) is correct.

Trend: Types of soil

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

• Question 12 of 30 12. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: Porosity is the most unique feature this region. This area is marked by dry river coursesexcept in the rainy season. The area is not suitable for agriculture and only big trees with large roots thrive in this belt. The statements given above describes which of the following region? a) Jaisalmer region of Rajasthan b) Semi-arid region of Haryana c) Kumaon Region of Uttarakhand d) Cold desert of Leh and Ladakh Correct Answer: c Explanation: The Bhabar region: It is a narrow, porous, northern most stretch of Indo-Gangetic plain. It is about 8-16 km wide running in east-west direction along the foothills (alluvial fans) of the Shiwaliks. Bhabar or Bhabhar is found in Uttarakhand, India, located south of the Lower Himalayas and the Sivalik Hills. It’s an alluvial apron of sediments washed down from the Sivaliks along the Indo-Gangetic Plain’s northern edge. They show a remarkable continuity from the Indus to the Tista. Rivers descending from the Himalayas deposit their load along the foothills in the form of alluvial fans. These alluvial fans have merged together to build up the bhabar belt. The porosity of bhabar is the most unique feature. The porosity is due to deposition of huge number of pebbles and rock debris across the alluvial fans. The streams disappear once they reach the bhabar region because of this porosity. Therefore, the area is marked by dry river courses except in the rainy season. The Bhabar belt is comparatively narrow in the east and extensive in the western and north-western hilly region. The area is not suitable for agriculture and only big trees with large roots thrive in this belt. Hence, option (c) is correct. Source: Geography Trend: landforms in Himalayan region Approach: options a, b, d can be eliminated considering statement 2 and 3. Incorrect Answer: c Explanation: The Bhabar region: It is a narrow, porous, northern most stretch of Indo-Gangetic plain. It is about 8-16 km wide running in east-west direction along the foothills (alluvial fans) of the Shiwaliks. Bhabar or Bhabhar is found in Uttarakhand, India, located south of the Lower Himalayas and the Sivalik Hills. It’s an alluvial apron of sediments washed down from the Sivaliks along the Indo-Gangetic Plain’s northern edge. They show a remarkable continuity from the Indus to the Tista. Rivers descending from the Himalayas deposit their load along the foothills in the form of alluvial fans. These alluvial fans have merged together to build up the bhabar belt. The porosity of bhabar is the most unique feature. The porosity is due to deposition of huge number of pebbles and rock debris across the alluvial fans. The streams disappear once they reach the bhabar region because of this porosity. Therefore, the area is marked by dry river courses except in the rainy season. The Bhabar belt is comparatively narrow in the east and extensive in the western and north-western hilly region. The area is not suitable for agriculture and only big trees with large roots thrive in this belt. Hence, option (c) is correct. Source: Geography Trend: landforms in Himalayan region Approach: options a, b, d can be eliminated considering statement 2 and 3.

#### 12. Question

Consider the following statements:

• Porosity is the most unique feature this region.

• This area is marked by dry river coursesexcept in the rainy season.

• The area is not suitable for agriculture and only big trees with large roots thrive in this belt.

The statements given above describes which of the following region?

• a) Jaisalmer region of Rajasthan

• b) Semi-arid region of Haryana

• c) Kumaon Region of Uttarakhand

• d) Cold desert of Leh and Ladakh

Explanation:

• The Bhabar region:

• It is a narrow, porous, northern most stretch of Indo-Gangetic plain.

• It is about 8-16 km wide running in east-west direction along the foothills (alluvial fans) of the Shiwaliks.

• Bhabar or Bhabhar is found in Uttarakhand, India, located south of the Lower Himalayas and the Sivalik Hills. It’s an alluvial apron of sediments washed down from the Sivaliks along the Indo-Gangetic Plain’s northern edge.

• They show a remarkable continuity from the Indus to the Tista.

• Rivers descending from the Himalayas deposit their load along the foothills in the form of alluvial fans.

• These alluvial fans have merged together to build up the bhabar belt.

• The porosity of bhabar is the most unique feature.

• The porosity is due to deposition of huge number of pebbles and rock debris across the alluvial fans.

• The streams disappear once they reach the bhabar region because of this porosity.

• Therefore, the area is marked by dry river courses except in the rainy season.

• The Bhabar belt is comparatively narrow in the east and extensive in the western and north-western hilly region.

• The area is not suitable for agriculture and only big trees with large roots thrive in this belt.

• Hence, option (c) is correct.

Trend: landforms in Himalayan region

Approach: options a, b, d can be eliminated considering statement 2 and 3.

Explanation:

• The Bhabar region:

• It is a narrow, porous, northern most stretch of Indo-Gangetic plain.

• It is about 8-16 km wide running in east-west direction along the foothills (alluvial fans) of the Shiwaliks.

• They show a remarkable continuity from the Indus to the Tista.

• Rivers descending from the Himalayas deposit their load along the foothills in the form of alluvial fans.

• These alluvial fans have merged together to build up the bhabar belt.

• The porosity of bhabar is the most unique feature.

• The porosity is due to deposition of huge number of pebbles and rock debris across the alluvial fans.

• The streams disappear once they reach the bhabar region because of this porosity.

• Therefore, the area is marked by dry river courses except in the rainy season.

• The Bhabar belt is comparatively narrow in the east and extensive in the western and north-western hilly region.

• The area is not suitable for agriculture and only big trees with large roots thrive in this belt.

• Hence, option (c) is correct.

Trend: landforms in Himalayan region

Approach: options a, b, d can be eliminated considering statement 2 and 3.

• Question 13 of 30 13. Question 1 points What are shifting sand dunes locally called in Rajasthan? a) Dhrian b) Rohi c) Chos d) Marusthali Correct Answer: a Explanation: According to the relief there are three subdivisions of the Thar Desert:-The proper desert is called the Marusthali (dead land) and has an arid climate with low vegetation cover. Shifting sand dunes locally known as Dhrians and blow out depression is known as Bagar- Grassland east of Marusthali. Rohi- Fertile flood plains of small streams originating from West of Aravali. Hence, option (a) is correct. Source: Geography Trend: landforms- plateaus and plains Approach: Factual/knowledge based question Incorrect Answer: a Explanation: According to the relief there are three subdivisions of the Thar Desert:-The proper desert is called the Marusthali (dead land) and has an arid climate with low vegetation cover. Shifting sand dunes locally known as Dhrians and blow out depression is known as Bagar- Grassland east of Marusthali. Rohi- Fertile flood plains of small streams originating from West of Aravali. Hence, option (a) is correct. Source: Geography Trend: landforms- plateaus and plains Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

#### 13. Question

What are shifting sand dunes locally called in Rajasthan?

• d) Marusthali

Explanation:

• According to the relief there are three subdivisions of the Thar Desert:-The proper desert is called the Marusthali (dead land) and has an arid climate with low vegetation cover.

• Shifting sand dunes locally known as Dhrians and blow out depression is known as

• Bagar- Grassland east of Marusthali.

• Rohi- Fertile flood plains of small streams originating from West of Aravali.

• Hence, option (a) is correct.

Trend: landforms- plateaus and plains

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

Explanation:

• According to the relief there are three subdivisions of the Thar Desert:-The proper desert is called the Marusthali (dead land) and has an arid climate with low vegetation cover.

• Shifting sand dunes locally known as Dhrians and blow out depression is known as

• Bagar- Grassland east of Marusthali.

• Rohi- Fertile flood plains of small streams originating from West of Aravali.

• Hence, option (a) is correct.

Trend: landforms- plateaus and plains

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

• Question 14 of 30 14. Question 1 points With reference to drainage system of India, consider the following statements: The bedrocks of Himalayan Rivers are easily erodible whereas, the bedrocks of peninsular rivers are not easily erodible. The Peninsular drainage system is older than the Himalayan drainage system. The Himalayan Rivers are more meandering than the Peninsular Rivers. How many of the above are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Answer: c Explanation: Himalayan Rivers Peninsular Rivers Himalayan rivers originate in the mountainous Himalayan peaks therefore known as Himalayan rivers. Himalayan rivers get water from both snow and rain throughout year. Egs Ganga, Indus, Yamuna etc. Peninsular rivers are rivers that originate in the Peninsular Plateau. Egs: Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Tungabhadra etc They are longer and larger than the peninsular rivers. They are comparatively smaller than the Himalayan Rivers. They have larger basins and catchment areas. They have smaller basins and catchment areas. The bedrocks of these rivers are soft, sedimentary and easily erodible. The bedrocks of these rivers is hard and not easily erodible. They are perennial in nature. They are seasonal and non-perennial. They form V-shaped valleys. They form U-shaped valleys. These are examples of antecedent drainage (young). These rivers, which run through the young fold mountains, are yet in their infancy. These are instances of Consequent drainage (old) These rivers have matured after passing over one of the world’s oldest plateaus. The highest levels of the Himalayan rivers are extremely winding. When they reach the plains, the pace of the water drops dramatically. Under these conditions, the rivers produce meanders and frequently alter their beds. The plateau’s hard granite surface and non-alluvial composition leave limited room for the creation of meanders. As a result, the rivers of the Peninsular Plateau have very straight courses. At their mouths, the Himalayan rivers generate large deltas. The Ganga-Brahmaputra delta is the world’s biggest. Estuaries are formed by several Peninsular rivers, such as the Narmada and the Tapi. Deltas are formed by other rivers such as the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Cauvery. Several minor streams running westward from the Western Ghats join the Arabian Sea without forming a delta. Hence, option (c) is correct. Source: Geography Trend: physiography and drainage pattern Approach: Applied knowledge Incorrect Answer: c Explanation: Himalayan Rivers Peninsular Rivers Himalayan rivers originate in the mountainous Himalayan peaks therefore known as Himalayan rivers. Himalayan rivers get water from both snow and rain throughout year. Egs Ganga, Indus, Yamuna etc. Peninsular rivers are rivers that originate in the Peninsular Plateau. Egs: Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Tungabhadra etc They are longer and larger than the peninsular rivers. They are comparatively smaller than the Himalayan Rivers. They have larger basins and catchment areas. They have smaller basins and catchment areas. The bedrocks of these rivers are soft, sedimentary and easily erodible. The bedrocks of these rivers is hard and not easily erodible. They are perennial in nature. They are seasonal and non-perennial. They form V-shaped valleys. They form U-shaped valleys. These are examples of antecedent drainage (young). These rivers, which run through the young fold mountains, are yet in their infancy. These are instances of Consequent drainage (old) These rivers have matured after passing over one of the world’s oldest plateaus. The highest levels of the Himalayan rivers are extremely winding. When they reach the plains, the pace of the water drops dramatically. Under these conditions, the rivers produce meanders and frequently alter their beds. The plateau’s hard granite surface and non-alluvial composition leave limited room for the creation of meanders. As a result, the rivers of the Peninsular Plateau have very straight courses. At their mouths, the Himalayan rivers generate large deltas. The Ganga-Brahmaputra delta is the world’s biggest. Estuaries are formed by several Peninsular rivers, such as the Narmada and the Tapi. Deltas are formed by other rivers such as the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Cauvery. Several minor streams running westward from the Western Ghats join the Arabian Sea without forming a delta. Hence, option (c) is correct. Source: Geography Trend: physiography and drainage pattern Approach: Applied knowledge

#### 14. Question

With reference to drainage system of India, consider the following statements:

• The bedrocks of Himalayan Rivers are easily erodible whereas, the bedrocks of peninsular rivers are not easily erodible.

• The Peninsular drainage system is older than the Himalayan drainage system.

• The Himalayan Rivers are more meandering than the Peninsular Rivers.

How many of the above are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Explanation:

Himalayan Rivers | Peninsular Rivers

Himalayan rivers originate in the mountainous Himalayan peaks therefore known as Himalayan rivers. Himalayan rivers get water from both snow and rain throughout year. Egs Ganga, Indus, Yamuna etc. | Peninsular rivers are rivers that originate in the Peninsular Plateau. Egs: Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Tungabhadra etc

They are longer and larger than the peninsular rivers. | They are comparatively smaller than the Himalayan Rivers.

They have larger basins and catchment areas. | They have smaller basins and catchment areas.

The bedrocks of these rivers are soft, sedimentary and easily erodible. | The bedrocks of these rivers is hard and not easily erodible.

They are perennial in nature. | They are seasonal and non-perennial.

They form V-shaped valleys. | They form U-shaped valleys.

These are examples of antecedent drainage (young). These rivers, which run through the young fold mountains, are yet in their infancy. | These are instances of Consequent drainage (old) These rivers have matured after passing over one of the world’s oldest plateaus.

The highest levels of the Himalayan rivers are extremely winding. When they reach the plains, the pace of the water drops dramatically. Under these conditions, the rivers produce meanders and frequently alter their beds. | The plateau’s hard granite surface and non-alluvial composition leave limited room for the creation of meanders. As a result, the rivers of the Peninsular Plateau have very straight courses.

At their mouths, the Himalayan rivers generate large deltas. The Ganga-Brahmaputra delta is the world’s biggest. | Estuaries are formed by several Peninsular rivers, such as the Narmada and the Tapi. Deltas are formed by other rivers such as the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Cauvery. Several minor streams running westward from the Western Ghats join the Arabian Sea without forming a delta.

Egs: Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Tungabhadra etc

These rivers, which run through the young fold mountains, are yet in their infancy.

These rivers have matured after passing over one of the world’s oldest plateaus.

When they reach the plains, the pace of the water drops dramatically.

Under these conditions, the rivers produce meanders and frequently alter their beds.

As a result, the rivers of the Peninsular Plateau have very straight courses.

Deltas are formed by other rivers such as the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Cauvery.

Several minor streams running westward from the Western Ghats join the Arabian Sea without forming a delta.

• Hence, option (c) is correct.

Trend: physiography and drainage pattern

Approach: Applied knowledge

Explanation:

Himalayan Rivers | Peninsular Rivers

They are longer and larger than the peninsular rivers. | They are comparatively smaller than the Himalayan Rivers.

They have larger basins and catchment areas. | They have smaller basins and catchment areas.

The bedrocks of these rivers are soft, sedimentary and easily erodible. | The bedrocks of these rivers is hard and not easily erodible.

They are perennial in nature. | They are seasonal and non-perennial.

They form V-shaped valleys. | They form U-shaped valleys.

Egs: Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Tungabhadra etc

These rivers, which run through the young fold mountains, are yet in their infancy.

These rivers have matured after passing over one of the world’s oldest plateaus.

When they reach the plains, the pace of the water drops dramatically.

Under these conditions, the rivers produce meanders and frequently alter their beds.

As a result, the rivers of the Peninsular Plateau have very straight courses.

Deltas are formed by other rivers such as the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Cauvery.

Several minor streams running westward from the Western Ghats join the Arabian Sea without forming a delta.

• Hence, option (c) is correct.

Trend: physiography and drainage pattern

Approach: Applied knowledge

• Question 15 of 30 15. Question 1 points In the context of Lakshadweep, consider the following statements: It is an archipelago consisting of 76 islands with an area of 32 sq km. The eight degree channel separates Lakshadweep and Maldives. Karavatti is the largest and most developed island of Lakshadweep, which also serves as the capital of the UT of Lakshadweep. How many of the above statements are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Answer: a Explanation: Lakshadweep, the group of 36 islands is known for its exotic and sun-kissed beaches and lush green landscape. The name Lakshadweep in Malayalam and Sanskrit means ‘a hundred thousand islands’. ” India’s smallest Union Territory Lakshadweep is an archipelago consisting of 36 islands with an area of 32 sq km. It is a uni-district Union Territory and comprises of 12 atolls, three reefs, five submerged banks and ten inhabited islands. The islands have a total area of 32 sq km. ( as per GOI). Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. The Eight Degree Channel separates the islands of Minicoy and Maldives, the Nine Degree Channel separates the island of Minicoy from the main Lakshadweep archipelago. Hence, statement 2 is correct. The capital is Kavaratti and it is also the principal town of the UT. All Islands are 220 to 440 km away from the coastal city of Kochi in Kerala. The Island of Kavaratti lies 360Km of the coast of the State of Kerala. Kavaratti Area=3.93 km2. The Andrott Island is the largest island with an area of 90 sq km, length of 4.66 km and a maximum width of 1.43 km. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect. Hence, option (a) is correct. Source: Geography Trend: Places in News Approach: It is improbable to have 76 islands in just 32 sq kms. Incorrect Answer: a Explanation: Lakshadweep, the group of 36 islands is known for its exotic and sun-kissed beaches and lush green landscape. The name Lakshadweep in Malayalam and Sanskrit means ‘a hundred thousand islands’. ” India’s smallest Union Territory Lakshadweep is an archipelago consisting of 36 islands with an area of 32 sq km. It is a uni-district Union Territory and comprises of 12 atolls, three reefs, five submerged banks and ten inhabited islands. The islands have a total area of 32 sq km. ( as per GOI). Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. The Eight Degree Channel separates the islands of Minicoy and Maldives, the Nine Degree Channel separates the island of Minicoy from the main Lakshadweep archipelago. Hence, statement 2 is correct. The capital is Kavaratti and it is also the principal town of the UT. All Islands are 220 to 440 km away from the coastal city of Kochi in Kerala. The Island of Kavaratti lies 360Km of the coast of the State of Kerala. Kavaratti Area=3.93 km2. The Andrott Island is the largest island with an area of 90 sq km, length of 4.66 km and a maximum width of 1.43 km. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect. Hence, option (a) is correct. Source: Geography Trend: Places in News Approach: It is improbable to have 76 islands in just 32 sq kms.

#### 15. Question

In the context of Lakshadweep, consider the following statements:

• It is an archipelago consisting of 76 islands with an area of 32 sq km.

• The eight degree channel separates Lakshadweep and Maldives.

• Karavatti is the largest and most developed island of Lakshadweep, which also serves as the capital of the UT of Lakshadweep.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Explanation:

• Lakshadweep, the group of 36 islands is known for its exotic and sun-kissed beaches and lush green landscape. The name Lakshadweep in Malayalam and Sanskrit means ‘a hundred thousand islands’. ”

• India’s smallest Union Territory Lakshadweep is an archipelago consisting of 36 islands with an area of 32 sq km. It is a uni-district Union Territory and comprises of 12 atolls, three reefs, five submerged banks and ten inhabited islands. The islands have a total area of 32 sq km. ( as per GOI). Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

• The Eight Degree Channel separates the islands of Minicoy and Maldives, the Nine Degree Channel separates the island of Minicoy from the main Lakshadweep archipelago. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

• The capital is Kavaratti and it is also the principal town of the UT. All Islands are 220 to 440 km away from the coastal city of Kochi in Kerala. The Island of Kavaratti lies 360Km of the coast of the State of Kerala. Kavaratti Area=3.93 km2.

• The Andrott Island is the largest island with an area of 90 sq km, length of 4.66 km and a maximum width of 1.43 km. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

• Hence, option (a) is correct.

Trend: Places in News

Approach: It is improbable to have 76 islands in just 32 sq kms.

Explanation:

• The Andrott Island is the largest island with an area of 90 sq km, length of 4.66 km and a maximum width of 1.43 km. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

• Hence, option (a) is correct.

Trend: Places in News

Approach: It is improbable to have 76 islands in just 32 sq kms.

• Question 16 of 30 16. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: The Brahmaputra River flows through Kaziranga National Park. The Colorado River forms the Grand Canyon. The Nile River Delta drains into the Mediterranean Sea. How many of the statements given above are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: C All the statements given above are correct. The Brahmaputra River flows through the Kaziranga National Park. The Brahmaputra River is one of the main rivers that crisscross through Kaziranga National Park, creating its unique ecosystem and contributing to the park’s biodiversity. The Grand Canyon is formed by the Colorado River, which is well-known for having carved this remarkable geologic feature over millions of years. Nile River Delta is located in Egypt; it is one of the world’s most well-known deltas, forming where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea. Source: Geography Trend: Important river systems and National Parks Approach: Factual/knowledge based question Incorrect Solution: C All the statements given above are correct. The Brahmaputra River flows through the Kaziranga National Park. The Brahmaputra River is one of the main rivers that crisscross through Kaziranga National Park, creating its unique ecosystem and contributing to the park’s biodiversity. The Grand Canyon is formed by the Colorado River, which is well-known for having carved this remarkable geologic feature over millions of years. Nile River Delta is located in Egypt; it is one of the world’s most well-known deltas, forming where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea. Source: Geography Trend: Important river systems and National Parks Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

#### 16. Question

Consider the following statements:

• The Brahmaputra River flows through Kaziranga National Park.

• The Colorado River forms the Grand Canyon.

• The Nile River Delta drains into the Mediterranean Sea.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: C

All the statements given above are correct.

The Brahmaputra River flows through the Kaziranga National Park. The Brahmaputra River is one of the main rivers that crisscross through Kaziranga National Park, creating its unique ecosystem and contributing to the park’s biodiversity.

The Grand Canyon is formed by the Colorado River, which is well-known for having carved this remarkable geologic feature over millions of years.

Nile River Delta is located in Egypt; it is one of the world’s most well-known deltas, forming where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea.

Trend: Important river systems and National Parks

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

Solution: C

All the statements given above are correct.

The Grand Canyon is formed by the Colorado River, which is well-known for having carved this remarkable geologic feature over millions of years.

Nile River Delta is located in Egypt; it is one of the world’s most well-known deltas, forming where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea.

Trend: Important river systems and National Parks

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

• Question 17 of 30 17. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding lakes in India: Loktak Lake is known for its floating islands, called phumdis. Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon located in Odisha and is the largest coastal lagoon in India. Sambhar Lake, India’s largest inland saltwater lake, is located in the state of Kerala. How many of the statements given above are correct? a) Only one b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Loktak Lake is known for its floating islands, called phumdis. Loktak Lake, located in the state of Manipur, is famous for its phumdis or floating islands, which are unique to this region. Hence, statement 1 is correct. Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon located in Odisha and is the largest coastal lagoon in India. Hence, statement 2 is correct Sambhar Lake, India’s largest inland saltwater lake, is located in the state of Rajasthan. It is known for being India’s largest inland saltwater lake. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect, Source: Geography Trend: Water bodies and associated region Approach: Factual/knowledge based question Incorrect Solution: B Loktak Lake is known for its floating islands, called phumdis. Loktak Lake, located in the state of Manipur, is famous for its phumdis or floating islands, which are unique to this region. Hence, statement 1 is correct. Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon located in Odisha and is the largest coastal lagoon in India. Hence, statement 2 is correct Sambhar Lake, India’s largest inland saltwater lake, is located in the state of Rajasthan. It is known for being India’s largest inland saltwater lake. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect, Source: Geography Trend: Water bodies and associated region Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

#### 17. Question

Consider the following statements regarding lakes in India:

• Loktak Lake is known for its floating islands, called phumdis.

• Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon located in Odisha and is the largest coastal lagoon in India.

• Sambhar Lake, India’s largest inland saltwater lake, is located in the state of Kerala.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

Loktak Lake is known for its floating islands, called phumdis. Loktak Lake, located in the state of Manipur, is famous for its phumdis or floating islands, which are unique to this region.

Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon located in Odisha and is the largest coastal lagoon in India.

Hence, statement 2 is correct

Sambhar Lake, India’s largest inland saltwater lake, is located in the state of Rajasthan. It is known for being India’s largest inland saltwater lake.

Hence, statement 3 is incorrect,

Trend: Water bodies and associated region

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

Solution: B

Loktak Lake is known for its floating islands, called phumdis. Loktak Lake, located in the state of Manipur, is famous for its phumdis or floating islands, which are unique to this region.

Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon located in Odisha and is the largest coastal lagoon in India.

Hence, statement 2 is correct

Sambhar Lake, India’s largest inland saltwater lake, is located in the state of Rajasthan. It is known for being India’s largest inland saltwater lake.

Hence, statement 3 is incorrect,

Trend: Water bodies and associated region

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

• Question 18 of 30 18. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about rivers in India: The Narmada river flows through the marble rocks near Jabalpur. The Chambal river is a tributary of river Yamuna. Which of the statements given above are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: C Both statements given above are correct. The Narmada River does flow through the Marble Rocks near Jabalpur. This area is known for its scenic beauty, where the river has carved a gorge in the soft marble, creating a stretch of about 8 kilometers in length. The Chambal River is indeed a tributary of the Yamuna River. It rises in the Vindhya Range and meets the Yamuna River in the state of Uttar Pradesh. Source: Geography Trend: Questions on rivers and associated regions are recurrent in UPSC prelims Approach: Factual/knowledge based question Incorrect Solution: C Both statements given above are correct. The Narmada River does flow through the Marble Rocks near Jabalpur. This area is known for its scenic beauty, where the river has carved a gorge in the soft marble, creating a stretch of about 8 kilometers in length. The Chambal River is indeed a tributary of the Yamuna River. It rises in the Vindhya Range and meets the Yamuna River in the state of Uttar Pradesh. Source: Geography Trend: Questions on rivers and associated regions are recurrent in UPSC prelims Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

#### 18. Question

Consider the following statements about rivers in India:

• The Narmada river flows through the marble rocks near Jabalpur.

• The Chambal river is a tributary of river Yamuna.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: C

Both statements given above are correct.

The Narmada River does flow through the Marble Rocks near Jabalpur. This area is known for its scenic beauty, where the river has carved a gorge in the soft marble, creating a stretch of about 8 kilometers in length.

The Chambal River is indeed a tributary of the Yamuna River. It rises in the Vindhya Range and meets the Yamuna River in the state of Uttar Pradesh.

Trend: Questions on rivers and associated regions are recurrent in UPSC prelims

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

Solution: C

Both statements given above are correct.

The Chambal River is indeed a tributary of the Yamuna River. It rises in the Vindhya Range and meets the Yamuna River in the state of Uttar Pradesh.

Trend: Questions on rivers and associated regions are recurrent in UPSC prelims

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

• Question 19 of 30 19. Question 1 points The Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, a part of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves, is fed by which of the following rivers? (a) Alaknanda (b) Ganges (c) Yamuna (d) Bhagirathi Correct Solution: A The Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve is nourished by the Alaknanda River and its tributaries, which include Rishi Ganga, Dhauli Ganga, Pushwapati, and Khiro Ganga. These rivers criss-cross the spectacular wilderness area within the Himalayas, enhancing the beauty and ecological significance of the reserve. Source: Geography Trend: Questions on rivers and associated regions are recurrent in UPSC prelims Approach: Factual/knowledge based question Incorrect Solution: A The Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve is nourished by the Alaknanda River and its tributaries, which include Rishi Ganga, Dhauli Ganga, Pushwapati, and Khiro Ganga. These rivers criss-cross the spectacular wilderness area within the Himalayas, enhancing the beauty and ecological significance of the reserve. Source: Geography Trend: Questions on rivers and associated regions are recurrent in UPSC prelims Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

#### 19. Question

The Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, a part of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves, is fed by which of the following rivers?

• (a) Alaknanda

• (b) Ganges

• (c) Yamuna

• (d) Bhagirathi

Solution: A

The Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve is nourished by the Alaknanda River and its tributaries, which include Rishi Ganga, Dhauli Ganga, Pushwapati, and Khiro Ganga. These rivers criss-cross the spectacular wilderness area within the Himalayas, enhancing the beauty and ecological significance of the reserve.

Trend: Questions on rivers and associated regions are recurrent in UPSC prelims

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

Solution: A

Trend: Questions on rivers and associated regions are recurrent in UPSC prelims

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

• Question 20 of 30 20. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about mountain passes in India: Nathu La pass connects the Sikkim with China’s Tibet Autonomous Region. Thalghat Pass in the Western Ghats connects the coastal plains of Kerala with the Deccan Plateau. Banihal Pass is a mountain pass across the Pir Panjal Range How many of the statements given above are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B The Nathu La pass indeed connects the Sikkim with China’s Tibet Autonomous Region, serving as one of the trade links between India and China. Hence, statement 1 is correct. Thalghat Pass is located in Maharashtra and facilitates passage through the Western Ghats. The pass that connects the coastal plains of Kerala with the Deccan Plateau is the Palghat (Palakkad) Pass. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect. The Banihal Pass is indeed a mountain pass across the Pir Panjal Range of the Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It serves as an important strategic point and has been historically significant. Hence, statement 3 is correct. Source: Geography Trend: questions on Mountain passes and ranges have been asked in UPSC prelims Approach: Factual/knowledge based questions Incorrect Solution: B The Nathu La pass indeed connects the Sikkim with China’s Tibet Autonomous Region, serving as one of the trade links between India and China. Hence, statement 1 is correct. Thalghat Pass is located in Maharashtra and facilitates passage through the Western Ghats. The pass that connects the coastal plains of Kerala with the Deccan Plateau is the Palghat (Palakkad) Pass. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect. The Banihal Pass is indeed a mountain pass across the Pir Panjal Range of the Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It serves as an important strategic point and has been historically significant. Hence, statement 3 is correct. Source: Geography Trend: questions on Mountain passes and ranges have been asked in UPSC prelims Approach: Factual/knowledge based questions

#### 20. Question

Consider the following statements about mountain passes in India:

• Nathu La pass connects the Sikkim with China’s Tibet Autonomous Region.

• Thalghat Pass in the Western Ghats connects the coastal plains of Kerala with the Deccan Plateau.

• Banihal Pass is a mountain pass across the Pir Panjal Range

How many of the statements given above are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

The Nathu La pass indeed connects the Sikkim with China’s Tibet Autonomous Region, serving as one of the trade links between India and China.

Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Thalghat Pass is located in Maharashtra and facilitates passage through the Western Ghats. The pass that connects the coastal plains of Kerala with the Deccan Plateau is the Palghat (Palakkad) Pass.

Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

The Banihal Pass is indeed a mountain pass across the Pir Panjal Range of the Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It serves as an important strategic point and has been historically significant.

Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Trend: questions on Mountain passes and ranges have been asked in UPSC prelims

Approach: Factual/knowledge based questions

Solution: B

The Nathu La pass indeed connects the Sikkim with China’s Tibet Autonomous Region, serving as one of the trade links between India and China.

Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

The Banihal Pass is indeed a mountain pass across the Pir Panjal Range of the Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It serves as an important strategic point and has been historically significant.

Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Trend: questions on Mountain passes and ranges have been asked in UPSC prelims

Approach: Factual/knowledge based questions

• Question 21 of 30 21. Question 1 points Climate change threatens the Himalayan region due to the which of these undesirable consequences? Instability in glacial lakes Downstream floods in Himalayan rivers Change in high-altitude flora and fauna greater risk of landslides How many of the above statements are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) Only three d) All four Correct Solution: d) Justification: Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CA-30-AUG-2023-MONTHLY_compressed.pdf Trend: Climate change and its impact on biodiversity Approach: Applied knowledge Incorrect Solution: d) Justification: Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CA-30-AUG-2023-MONTHLY_compressed.pdf Trend: Climate change and its impact on biodiversity Approach: Applied knowledge

#### 21. Question

Climate change threatens the Himalayan region due to the which of these undesirable consequences?

• Instability in glacial lakes

• Downstream floods in Himalayan rivers

• Change in high-altitude flora and fauna

• greater risk of landslides

How many of the above statements are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) Only three

• d) All four

Solution: d)

Justification:

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CA-30-AUG-2023-MONTHLY_compressed.pdf

Trend: Climate change and its impact on biodiversity

Approach: Applied knowledge

Solution: d)

Justification:

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CA-30-AUG-2023-MONTHLY_compressed.pdf

Trend: Climate change and its impact on biodiversity

Approach: Applied knowledge

• Question 22 of 30 22. Question 1 points Which of the following countries maintains the world’s only nuclear-powered icebreaker fleet? a) United States of America b) Canada c) Norway d) Russia Correct Solution: d) Justification: Russia ensures the navigability of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) by using icebreaking assistance, as the Arctic Ocean remains icebound for most of the year. Russia maintains the world’s only nuclear-powered icebreaker fleet. The inaugural nuclear icebreaker, “Lenin,” operated from December 1959 for thirty years. Today, the fleet of nuclear-powered icebreakers, overseen by Rosatom’s subsidiary FSUE Atomflot, ensures secure navigation on the Northern Sea Route (NSR). Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CA-30-AUG-2023-MONTHLY_compressed.pdf Trend: Defence technology Approach: Factusl/knowledge based questions Incorrect Solution: d) Justification: Russia ensures the navigability of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) by using icebreaking assistance, as the Arctic Ocean remains icebound for most of the year. Russia maintains the world’s only nuclear-powered icebreaker fleet. The inaugural nuclear icebreaker, “Lenin,” operated from December 1959 for thirty years. Today, the fleet of nuclear-powered icebreakers, overseen by Rosatom’s subsidiary FSUE Atomflot, ensures secure navigation on the Northern Sea Route (NSR). Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CA-30-AUG-2023-MONTHLY_compressed.pdf Trend: Defence technology Approach: Factusl/knowledge based questions

#### 22. Question

Which of the following countries maintains the world’s only nuclear-powered icebreaker fleet?

• a) United States of America

Solution: d)

Justification: Russia ensures the navigability of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) by using icebreaking assistance, as the Arctic Ocean remains icebound for most of the year. Russia maintains the world’s only nuclear-powered icebreaker fleet.

The inaugural nuclear icebreaker, “Lenin,” operated from December 1959 for thirty years. Today, the fleet of nuclear-powered icebreakers, overseen by Rosatom’s subsidiary FSUE Atomflot, ensures secure navigation on the Northern Sea Route (NSR).

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CA-30-AUG-2023-MONTHLY_compressed.pdf

Trend: Defence technology

Approach: Factusl/knowledge based questions

Solution: d)

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CA-30-AUG-2023-MONTHLY_compressed.pdf

Trend: Defence technology

Approach: Factusl/knowledge based questions

• Question 23 of 30 23. Question 1 points Consider the following statements with reference to floodplain zoning: As per guidelines on floodplain zoning by the National Disaster Management Authority, public utilities like hospitals and electricity installations should be located such that they are above the flood levels corresponding to a 100-year frequency or the maximum observed flood levels. According to the National Green Tribunal (NGT), there should be no construction within a 500 m area from the central lining of a river. Which of the statements above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: c) Learning: As per guidelines on floodplain zoning by the National Disaster Management Authority, defence installations, industries, and public utilities like hospitals, electricity installations, water supply, telephone exchanges, aerodromes, railway stations, commercial centres, etc. should be located such that they are above the levels corresponding to a 100-year frequency or the maximum observed flood levels. According to the National Green Tribunal (NGT), there should be no construction within a 500 m area from the central lining of a river. Model Bill for Flood Plain Zoning: The Model Bill for Flood Plain Zoning outlines provisions for flood zoning authorities, surveys, delineation of flood plain areas, notification of limits, prohibition of flood plain use, compensation, and crucially, removal of obstructions for unimpeded water flow. It proposes replacing low-lying settlements with parks and playgrounds to reduce the loss of life and property. Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CA-30-AUG-2023-MONTHLY_compressed.pdf Trend: scientific planning and conservation techniques Approach: Factual/knowledge based question Incorrect Solution: c) Learning: As per guidelines on floodplain zoning by the National Disaster Management Authority, defence installations, industries, and public utilities like hospitals, electricity installations, water supply, telephone exchanges, aerodromes, railway stations, commercial centres, etc. should be located such that they are above the levels corresponding to a 100-year frequency or the maximum observed flood levels. According to the National Green Tribunal (NGT), there should be no construction within a 500 m area from the central lining of a river. Model Bill for Flood Plain Zoning: The Model Bill for Flood Plain Zoning outlines provisions for flood zoning authorities, surveys, delineation of flood plain areas, notification of limits, prohibition of flood plain use, compensation, and crucially, removal of obstructions for unimpeded water flow. It proposes replacing low-lying settlements with parks and playgrounds to reduce the loss of life and property. Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CA-30-AUG-2023-MONTHLY_compressed.pdf Trend: scientific planning and conservation techniques Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

#### 23. Question

Consider the following statements with reference to floodplain zoning:

• As per guidelines on floodplain zoning by the National Disaster Management Authority, public utilities like hospitals and electricity installations should be located such that they are above the flood levels corresponding to a 100-year frequency or the maximum observed flood levels.

• According to the National Green Tribunal (NGT), there should be no construction within a 500 m area from the central lining of a river.

Which of the statements above is/are correct?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: c)

Learning: As per guidelines on floodplain zoning by the National Disaster Management Authority, defence installations, industries, and public utilities like hospitals, electricity installations, water supply, telephone exchanges, aerodromes, railway stations, commercial centres, etc. should be located such that they are above the levels corresponding to a 100-year frequency or the maximum observed flood levels.

According to the National Green Tribunal (NGT), there should be no construction within a 500 m area from the central lining of a river. Model Bill for Flood Plain Zoning: The Model Bill for Flood Plain Zoning outlines provisions for flood zoning authorities, surveys, delineation of flood plain areas, notification of limits, prohibition of flood plain use, compensation, and crucially, removal of obstructions for unimpeded water flow. It proposes replacing low-lying settlements with parks and playgrounds to reduce the loss of life and property.

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CA-30-AUG-2023-MONTHLY_compressed.pdf

Trend: scientific planning and conservation techniques

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

Solution: c)

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CA-30-AUG-2023-MONTHLY_compressed.pdf

Trend: scientific planning and conservation techniques

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

• Question 24 of 30 24. Question 1 points Consider the following about Financial Bills (II): It follows the legislative procedure of ordinary bills, and it can be introduced in either House of Parliament with Rajya Sabha capable of introducing amendments in the bills. The President’s recommendation is necessary for the introduction of such bills, but it is not required during the consideration stage of the bill. Which of the statements above is/are correct? a) 1 Only b) 2 Only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: a) Justification: Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CA-30-AUG-2023-MONTHLY_compressed.pdf Trend: Questions on Money Bills have been recurrent in UPSC prelims Approach: applied knowledge Incorrect Solution: a) Justification: Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CA-30-AUG-2023-MONTHLY_compressed.pdf Trend: Questions on Money Bills have been recurrent in UPSC prelims Approach: applied knowledge

#### 24. Question

Consider the following about Financial Bills (II):

• It follows the legislative procedure of ordinary bills, and it can be introduced in either House of Parliament with Rajya Sabha capable of introducing amendments in the bills.

• The President’s recommendation is necessary for the introduction of such bills, but it is not required during the consideration stage of the bill.

Which of the statements above is/are correct?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: a)

Justification:

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CA-30-AUG-2023-MONTHLY_compressed.pdf

Trend: Questions on Money Bills have been recurrent in UPSC prelims

Approach: applied knowledge

Solution: a)

Justification:

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CA-30-AUG-2023-MONTHLY_compressed.pdf

Trend: Questions on Money Bills have been recurrent in UPSC prelims

Approach: applied knowledge

• Question 25 of 30 25. Question 1 points Consider the following statements. Under Lok Sabha Rules, the Speaker has the authority to instruct a member to leave the house immediately. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha can suspend a member of the house without the need to have a motion passed in the house. Which of the statements above is/are correct? a) 1 Only b) 2 Only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: a) Justification: Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CA-30-AUG-2023-MONTHLY_compressed.pdf Trend: Powers and functions of the Speaker Approach: Factual/knowledge based question Incorrect Solution: a) Justification: Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CA-30-AUG-2023-MONTHLY_compressed.pdf Trend: Powers and functions of the Speaker Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

#### 25. Question

Consider the following statements.

• Under Lok Sabha Rules, the Speaker has the authority to instruct a member to leave the house immediately.

• The Speaker of the Lok Sabha can suspend a member of the house without the need to have a motion passed in the house.

Which of the statements above is/are correct?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: a)

Justification:

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CA-30-AUG-2023-MONTHLY_compressed.pdf

Trend: Powers and functions of the Speaker

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

Solution: a)

Justification:

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/CA-30-AUG-2023-MONTHLY_compressed.pdf

Trend: Powers and functions of the Speaker

Approach: Factual/knowledge based question

• Question 26 of 30 26. Question 1 points The migration policy framework over the past decade has identified the lack of portability of social security benefits as the key barrier for interstate migration and advocated enabling provisions to overcome this deficit. Instead of nativism, states need to create a framework where safe interstate migration for work is facilitated and fiscal coordination is pursued to enable the portability of social security benefits. If this is done, interstate migration would rise and provide more opportunities to remedy regional disparities, a much valued goal continually emphasized by the current central government. Which of the following is the most important and logical inference that can be made from the above passage? A. Inclusive growth of India is solely determined by ease of migration B. Cultural and linguistic barriers to migration are more severe than non-portability C. Subject of migration should be moved to Union List D. The problem is not that there is too much interstate migration but that there is too little Correct Answer: D Option A – Passage nowhere emphasize such fact that Inclusive growth of India is solely determined by ease of migration rather it talks of interstate migration and social security benefits and need for enabling provisions. Option B – In the passage non-portability only has been shown as barrier not cultural and linguistic barrier so this statement is wrong as per passage. Option C – It is suggestion which is out of the passage although passage once talks that center is eager to adopt portability but nowhere it talks on transfer of subject of migration to union list. Option D – Statement is correct because passage nowhere tells that there is problem because of too much migration so statement D is correct. Incorrect Answer: D Option A – Passage nowhere emphasize such fact that Inclusive growth of India is solely determined by ease of migration rather it talks of interstate migration and social security benefits and need for enabling provisions. Option B – In the passage non-portability only has been shown as barrier not cultural and linguistic barrier so this statement is wrong as per passage. Option C – It is suggestion which is out of the passage although passage once talks that center is eager to adopt portability but nowhere it talks on transfer of subject of migration to union list. Option D – Statement is correct because passage nowhere tells that there is problem because of too much migration so statement D is correct.

#### 26. Question

The migration policy framework over the past decade has identified the lack of portability of social security benefits as the key barrier for interstate migration and advocated enabling provisions to overcome this deficit. Instead of nativism, states need to create a framework where safe interstate migration for work is facilitated and fiscal coordination is pursued to enable the portability of social security benefits. If this is done, interstate migration would rise and provide more opportunities to remedy regional disparities, a much valued goal continually emphasized by the current central government.

Which of the following is the most important and logical inference that can be made from the above passage?

• A. Inclusive growth of India is solely determined by ease of migration

• B. Cultural and linguistic barriers to migration are more severe than non-portability

• C. Subject of migration should be moved to Union List

• D. The problem is not that there is too much interstate migration but that there is too little

Option A – Passage nowhere emphasize such fact that Inclusive growth of India is solely determined by ease of migration rather it talks of interstate migration and social security benefits and need for enabling provisions.

Option B – In the passage non-portability only has been shown as barrier not cultural and linguistic barrier so this statement is wrong as per passage.

Option C – It is suggestion which is out of the passage although passage once talks that center is eager to adopt portability but nowhere it talks on transfer of subject of migration to union list.

Option D – Statement is correct because passage nowhere tells that there is problem because of too much migration so statement D is correct.

Option B – In the passage non-portability only has been shown as barrier not cultural and linguistic barrier so this statement is wrong as per passage.

Option C – It is suggestion which is out of the passage although passage once talks that center is eager to adopt portability but nowhere it talks on transfer of subject of migration to union list.

Option D – Statement is correct because passage nowhere tells that there is problem because of too much migration so statement D is correct.

• Question 27 of 30 27. Question 1 points The migration policy framework over the past decade has identified the lack of portability of social security benefits as the key barrier for interstate migration and advocated enabling provisions to overcome this deficit. Instead of nativism, states need to create a framework where safe interstate migration for work is facilitated and fiscal coordination is pursued to enable the portability of social security benefits. If this is done, interstate migration would rise and provide more opportunities to remedy regional disparities, a much valued goal continually emphasized by the current central government. On the basis of above passage following assumptions have been made: State governments lack funding to absorb and accommodate migrants Matching skills seamlessly across geographies within India would also facilitate the ease of doing business Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? A. Only 1 B. Only 2 C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Answer: B In the above passage Assumption 1 – is incorrect because it is not mentioned in the passage that they lack funding to absorb and accommodate, passage talks about the portability of the social benefit and enabling need for enabling provisions so statement 1 is incorrect. Assumption 2 – Statement 2 is correct because it can be assumed that if matching skills will be seamlessly available across geographies it will facilitate the ease of doing business by reducing the interstate migration and reduce the challenge of transferring social security benefits. Incorrect Answer: B In the above passage Assumption 1 – is incorrect because it is not mentioned in the passage that they lack funding to absorb and accommodate, passage talks about the portability of the social benefit and enabling need for enabling provisions so statement 1 is incorrect. Assumption 2 – Statement 2 is correct because it can be assumed that if matching skills will be seamlessly available across geographies it will facilitate the ease of doing business by reducing the interstate migration and reduce the challenge of transferring social security benefits.

#### 27. Question

On the basis of above passage following assumptions have been made:

• State governments lack funding to absorb and accommodate migrants Matching skills seamlessly across geographies within India would also facilitate the ease of doing business

• State governments lack funding to absorb and accommodate migrants

• Matching skills seamlessly across geographies within India would also facilitate the ease of doing business

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

• C. Both 1 and 2

• D. Neither 1 nor 2

In the above passage

Assumption 1 – is incorrect because it is not mentioned in the passage that they lack funding to absorb and accommodate, passage talks about the portability of the social benefit and enabling need for enabling provisions so statement 1 is incorrect.

Assumption 2 – Statement 2 is correct because it can be assumed that if matching skills will be seamlessly available across geographies it will facilitate the ease of doing business by reducing the interstate migration and reduce the challenge of transferring social security benefits.

In the above passage

• Question 28 of 30 28. Question 1 points Two numbers are respectively 40% and 60% more than a third number. The ratio of the two numbers is: a) 4:5 b) 7:8 c) 6:3 d) 5:4 Correct Answer: B) 7:8 Explanation: Let the third number be x. Then, first number = 140% of x =140x/100 = 7x/5 Second number =160% of x = 160x/100 = 8x/5 Ratio of first two numbers = 7x/5 : 8x/5 = 35x : 40x = 7:8 Incorrect Answer: B) 7:8 Explanation: Let the third number be x. Then, first number = 140% of x =140x/100 = 7x/5 Second number =160% of x = 160x/100 = 8x/5 Ratio of first two numbers = 7x/5 : 8x/5 = 35x : 40x = 7:8

#### 28. Question

Two numbers are respectively 40% and 60% more than a third number. The ratio of the two numbers is:

Answer: B) 7:8

Explanation:

Let the third number be x.

Then, first number = 140% of x =140x/100 = 7x/5

Second number =160% of x = 160x/100 = 8x/5

Ratio of first two numbers = 7x/5 : 8x/5 = 35x : 40x = 7:8

Answer: B) 7:8

Explanation:

Let the third number be x.

Then, first number = 140% of x =140x/100 = 7x/5

Second number =160% of x = 160x/100 = 8x/5

Ratio of first two numbers = 7x/5 : 8x/5 = 35x : 40x = 7:8

• Question 29 of 30 29. Question 1 points If a certain weight of an alloy of silver and copper is mixed with 3 kg of pure silver, the resulting alloy will have 90% silver by weight. If the same weight of the initial alloy is mixed with 2 kg of another alloy which has 90% silver by weight, the resulting alloy will have 84% silver by weight. Then, the weight of the initial alloy, in kg, is A) 3.5 B) 2.5 C) 3 D) 4 Correct Answer: C) 3 Explanation: Let the alloy contain x Kg silver and y kg copper Now when mixed with 3Kg Pure silver we get ( x+3)/ ( x+y+3) =9/10 we get 10x+30 =9x+9y+27 9y-x=3 (1) Now as per condition 2 silver in 2nd alloy = 2(0.9) =1.8 so we get (x+1.8)/(x+y+2)= 21/25 we get 21y-4x =3 (2) solving (1) and (2) we get y= 0.6 and x =2.4 so x+y = 3 Incorrect Answer: C) 3 Explanation: Let the alloy contain x Kg silver and y kg copper Now when mixed with 3Kg Pure silver we get ( x+3)/ ( x+y+3) =9/10 we get 10x+30 =9x+9y+27 9y-x=3 (1) Now as per condition 2 silver in 2nd alloy = 2(0.9) =1.8 so we get (x+1.8)/(x+y+2)= 21/25 we get 21y-4x =3 (2) solving (1) and (2) we get y= 0.6 and x =2.4 so x+y = 3

#### 29. Question

If a certain weight of an alloy of silver and copper is mixed with 3 kg of pure silver, the resulting alloy will have 90% silver by weight. If the same weight of the initial alloy is mixed with 2 kg of another alloy which has 90% silver by weight, the resulting alloy will have 84% silver by weight. Then, the weight of the initial alloy, in kg, is

Answer: C) 3

Explanation:

Let the alloy contain x Kg silver and y kg copper

Now when mixed with 3Kg Pure silver

we get ( x+3)/ ( x+y+3) =9/10

we get 10x+30 =9x+9y+27

9y-x=3 (1)

Now as per condition 2

silver in 2nd alloy = 2(0.9) =1.8

so we get (x+1.8)/(x+y+2)= 21/25

we get 21y-4x =3 (2)

solving (1) and (2) we get y= 0.6 and x =2.4

so x+y = 3

Answer: C) 3

Explanation:

Let the alloy contain x Kg silver and y kg copper

Now when mixed with 3Kg Pure silver

we get ( x+3)/ ( x+y+3) =9/10

we get 10x+30 =9x+9y+27

9y-x=3 (1)

Now as per condition 2

silver in 2nd alloy = 2(0.9) =1.8

so we get (x+1.8)/(x+y+2)= 21/25

we get 21y-4x =3 (2)

solving (1) and (2) we get y= 0.6 and x =2.4

so x+y = 3

• Question 30 of 30 30. Question 1 points The ratio of marks obtained by Shubham in theory to the total marks which can be obtained in theory is 7 : 10. Total marks which can be obtained in practical’s were 20% of the total marks of theory. If Shubham got full marks in practical then find the ratio of total marks obtained by Shubham to the total marks which can be obtained in the subject (theory + practical) A. 4 : 5 B. 3 : 5 C. 5 : 6 D. 3 : 4 Correct Answer D) 3:4 Let, marks obtained by Shubham in theory and total marks of theory be ‘7x’ and ‘10x’ respectively So, total marks (theory + practical) = 10x + 2x = 12x Marks obtained by Shubham (theory + practical) = 7x + 2x = 9x So, reqd. ratio = 9x/12x = 3/4 Hence, option D is correct. Incorrect Answer D) 3:4 Let, marks obtained by Shubham in theory and total marks of theory be ‘7x’ and ‘10x’ respectively So, total marks (theory + practical) = 10x + 2x = 12x Marks obtained by Shubham (theory + practical) = 7x + 2x = 9x So, reqd. ratio = 9x/12x = 3/4 Hence, option D is correct.

#### 30. Question

The ratio of marks obtained by Shubham in theory to the total marks which can be obtained in theory is 7 : 10. Total marks which can be obtained in practical’s were 20% of the total marks of theory. If Shubham got full marks in practical then find the ratio of total marks obtained by Shubham to the total marks which can be obtained in the subject (theory + practical)

Answer D) 3:4

Let, marks obtained by Shubham in theory and total marks of theory be ‘7x’ and ‘10x’ respectively So, total marks (theory + practical) = 10x + 2x = 12x Marks obtained by Shubham (theory + practical) = 7x + 2x = 9x

So, reqd. ratio = 9x/12x = 3/4

Hence, option D is correct.

Answer D) 3:4

So, reqd. ratio = 9x/12x = 3/4

Hence, option D is correct.

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