DAY – 6 Insta 75 Days Revision Plan 2.0 -2024: Subject – Modern India

INSTA 75 Days REVISION PLAN 2024

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• Question 1 of 34 1. Question 1 points Which of the event took place first among the following given events? (a) Battle of Porto Novo (b) Battle of Bedara (c) Battle of Mudki (d) Battle of Shakar Kheda Correct Solution: D The Battle of Porto Novo was fought on 1 July 1781 between forces of the Kingdom of Mysore and British East India Company in the place called Porto Novo on the Indian subcontinent, during the Second Anglo-Mysore War. The Battle of Chinsurah, also known as the Battle of Biderra or the Battle of Hoogly, was a military engagement which took place on 25 November 1759 near Chinsurah during the Seven Years’ War. During the First Anglo-Sikh War, four small battles were fought and the battle of Mudki was the first of these four. It was fought on 18th December 1845, in a small village Mudki, 18 miles away from Firozpur district, Punjab. The Battle of Shakar Kheda took place on 11 October 1724 at Shakar Kheda (Shakar Khela or Sankar Kedla) in Berar, 80 miles from Aurangabad between Nizam-ul-Mulk and Mubariz Khan, Subedar of the Deccan Incorrect Solution: D The Battle of Porto Novo was fought on 1 July 1781 between forces of the Kingdom of Mysore and British East India Company in the place called Porto Novo on the Indian subcontinent, during the Second Anglo-Mysore War. The Battle of Chinsurah, also known as the Battle of Biderra or the Battle of Hoogly, was a military engagement which took place on 25 November 1759 near Chinsurah during the Seven Years’ War. During the First Anglo-Sikh War, four small battles were fought and the battle of Mudki was the first of these four. It was fought on 18th December 1845, in a small village Mudki, 18 miles away from Firozpur district, Punjab. The Battle of Shakar Kheda took place on 11 October 1724 at Shakar Kheda (Shakar Khela or Sankar Kedla) in Berar, 80 miles from Aurangabad between Nizam-ul-Mulk and Mubariz Khan, Subedar of the Deccan

#### 1. Question

Which of the event took place first among the following given events?

• (a) Battle of Porto Novo

• (b) Battle of Bedara

• (c) Battle of Mudki

• (d) Battle of Shakar Kheda

Solution: D

The Battle of Porto Novo was fought on 1 July 1781 between forces of the Kingdom of Mysore and British East India Company in the place called Porto Novo on the Indian subcontinent, during the Second Anglo-Mysore War.

The Battle of Chinsurah, also known as the Battle of Biderra or the Battle of Hoogly, was a military engagement which took place on 25 November 1759 near Chinsurah during the Seven Years’ War.

During the First Anglo-Sikh War, four small battles were fought and the battle of Mudki was the first of these four. It was fought on 18th December 1845, in a small village Mudki, 18 miles away from Firozpur district, Punjab.

The Battle of Shakar Kheda took place on 11 October 1724 at Shakar Kheda (Shakar Khela or Sankar Kedla) in Berar, 80 miles from Aurangabad between Nizam-ul-Mulk and Mubariz Khan, Subedar of the Deccan

Solution: D

• Question 2 of 34 2. Question 1 points What was the primary role of a ‘Gomastha’ in colonial India? (a) To provide financial loans to farmers. (b) To act as an intermediary between farmers and the colonial administration by collecting fixed land revenues from farmers. (c) To supervise weavers, collect supplies, and examine the quality of cloth. (d) To educate farmers on advanced agricultural techniques. Correct Solution: C The East India Company tried to eliminate the existing traders and brokers connected with the cloth trade, and establish a more direct control over the weaver. It appointed a paid servant called the gomastha to supervise weavers, collect supplies, and examine the quality of cloth. It prevented Company weavers from dealing with other buyers. One way of doing this was through the system of advances. Once an order was placed, the weavers were given loans to purchase the raw material for their production. Those who took loans had to hand over the cloth they produced to the gomastha. They could not take it to any other trader. Refer below link. It is an important chapter from exam point of view. https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/jess305.pdf Incorrect Solution: C The East India Company tried to eliminate the existing traders and brokers connected with the cloth trade, and establish a more direct control over the weaver. It appointed a paid servant called the gomastha to supervise weavers, collect supplies, and examine the quality of cloth. It prevented Company weavers from dealing with other buyers. One way of doing this was through the system of advances. Once an order was placed, the weavers were given loans to purchase the raw material for their production. Those who took loans had to hand over the cloth they produced to the gomastha. They could not take it to any other trader. Refer below link. It is an important chapter from exam point of view. https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/jess305.pdf

#### 2. Question

What was the primary role of a ‘Gomastha’ in colonial India?

• (a) To provide financial loans to farmers.

• (b) To act as an intermediary between farmers and the colonial administration by collecting fixed land revenues from farmers.

• (c) To supervise weavers, collect supplies, and examine the quality of cloth.

• (d) To educate farmers on advanced agricultural techniques.

Solution: C

The East India Company tried to eliminate the existing traders and brokers connected with the cloth trade, and establish a more direct control over the weaver. It appointed a paid servant called the gomastha to supervise weavers, collect supplies, and examine the quality of cloth.

It prevented Company weavers from dealing with other buyers. One way of doing this was through the system of advances. Once an order was placed, the weavers were given loans to purchase the raw material for their production. Those who took loans had to hand over the cloth they produced to the gomastha. They could not take it to any other trader.

Refer below link. It is an important chapter from exam point of view.

https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/jess305.pdf

Solution: C

Refer below link. It is an important chapter from exam point of view.

https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/jess305.pdf

• Question 3 of 34 3. Question 1 points Who among the following the following freedom fighters was known as ‘Gandhi buri’ ( Old Lady Gandhi)? (a) Padmaja Naidu (b) Jhalkari Bai (c) Parbati Giri (d) Matangini Hazra Correct Solution: D Matangini Hazra was an Indian revolutionary who participated in the Indian independence movement until she was shot dead by the British Indian police in front of the Tamluk Police Station on 29 September 1942. She was affectionately known as Gandhi buri, Bengali for old lady Gandhi. Matangini led one procession from the north of the criminal court building; even after the firing commenced, she continued to advance with the tri-colour flag, leaving all the volunteers behind. The police shot her three times. She continued marching despite wounds to the forehead and both hands. As she was repeatedly shot, she kept chanting Vande Mataram, “hail to the Motherland”. She died with the flag of the Indian National Congress held high and still flying. The parallel Tamluk government incited open rebellion by praising her “martyrdom for her country” and was able to function for two more years, until it was disbanded in 1944, at Gandhi’s request. Read about women freedom fighters given in link. https://cmsadmin.amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?40 https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/flip-book/Unsung-Heroes-Comic.html Incorrect Solution: D Matangini Hazra was an Indian revolutionary who participated in the Indian independence movement until she was shot dead by the British Indian police in front of the Tamluk Police Station on 29 September 1942. She was affectionately known as Gandhi buri, Bengali for old lady Gandhi. Matangini led one procession from the north of the criminal court building; even after the firing commenced, she continued to advance with the tri-colour flag, leaving all the volunteers behind. The police shot her three times. She continued marching despite wounds to the forehead and both hands. As she was repeatedly shot, she kept chanting Vande Mataram, “hail to the Motherland”. She died with the flag of the Indian National Congress held high and still flying. The parallel Tamluk government incited open rebellion by praising her “martyrdom for her country” and was able to function for two more years, until it was disbanded in 1944, at Gandhi’s request. Read about women freedom fighters given in link. https://cmsadmin.amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?40 https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/flip-book/Unsung-Heroes-Comic.html

#### 3. Question

Who among the following the following freedom fighters was known as ‘Gandhi buri’ ( Old Lady Gandhi)?

• (a) Padmaja Naidu

• (b) Jhalkari Bai

• (c) Parbati Giri

• (d) Matangini Hazra

Solution: D

Matangini Hazra was an Indian revolutionary who participated in the Indian independence movement until she was shot dead by the British Indian police in front of the Tamluk Police Station on 29 September 1942. She was affectionately known as Gandhi buri, Bengali for old lady Gandhi.

Matangini led one procession from the north of the criminal court building; even after the firing commenced, she continued to advance with the tri-colour flag, leaving all the volunteers behind. The police shot her three times. She continued marching despite wounds to the forehead and both hands. As she was repeatedly shot, she kept chanting Vande Mataram, “hail to the Motherland”. She died with the flag of the Indian National Congress held high and still flying. The parallel Tamluk government incited open rebellion by praising her “martyrdom for her country” and was able to function for two more years, until it was disbanded in 1944, at Gandhi’s request.

Read about women freedom fighters given in link.

https://cmsadmin.amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?40

https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/flip-book/Unsung-Heroes-Comic.html

Solution: D

Read about women freedom fighters given in link.

https://cmsadmin.amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?40

https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/flip-book/Unsung-Heroes-Comic.html

• Question 4 of 34 4. Question 1 points Consider the following pairs: Freedom fighter Movement associated with Gulab Kaur Ghadar movement Accamma Cherian Swadeshi Movement Tarkeshwari Sinha Desasevika Sangh How many of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched? (a) Only one pair (b) Only two pairs (c) All three pairs d) None Correct Solution: A Gulab Kaur, a fearless ghadarite, was born in Bakshiwala village of Sangrur district in 1890. Gulab Kaur with about fifty other ghadarites of the Philippines joined the S.S. Korea batch and sailed for India, changing at Singapore from S.S. Korea to Tosha Maru. There is a book available about Gulab Kaur titled Gadar Di Dhee Gulaab Kaur in Punjabi written by Kesar Singh published in 2014. Hence, pair 1 is correctly matched Accamma Cherian was born in a small hamlet in Kanjirapally, Travancore (present-day Kerala) in 1909. Though a teacher by profession, she quit her job to join India’s freedom movement. In October 1938, Accamma was entrusted by the party to organise the Desasevika Sangh (Female Volunteer Corps). Post-Independence, she was elected to the Travancore Legislative Assembly in 1947, and once she quit active politics in 1967, she served as a member of the Freedom Fighters’ Pension Advisory Board. Hence, pair 2 is incorrectly matched Tarkeshwari Sinha was born in Tulsigarh village in Nalanda district, Bihar, on 26 December 1926. She was a student of Bankipore College in Patna. With great spirit and enthusiasm, she joined the Quit India Movement at the young age of 16 years. In 1945, the Indian National Army trials at the Red Fort inspired her very much. Tarkeshwari was elected as the President of Bihar Students’ Congress. Tarkeshwari won the first general assembly election in the year 1952. She was inducted by Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru into the cabinet Hence, pair 3 is incorrectly matched https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?10785 https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?5294 Incorrect Solution: A Gulab Kaur, a fearless ghadarite, was born in Bakshiwala village of Sangrur district in 1890. Gulab Kaur with about fifty other ghadarites of the Philippines joined the S.S. Korea batch and sailed for India, changing at Singapore from S.S. Korea to Tosha Maru. There is a book available about Gulab Kaur titled Gadar Di Dhee Gulaab Kaur in Punjabi written by Kesar Singh published in 2014. Hence, pair 1 is correctly matched Accamma Cherian was born in a small hamlet in Kanjirapally, Travancore (present-day Kerala) in 1909. Though a teacher by profession, she quit her job to join India’s freedom movement. In October 1938, Accamma was entrusted by the party to organise the Desasevika Sangh (Female Volunteer Corps). Post-Independence, she was elected to the Travancore Legislative Assembly in 1947, and once she quit active politics in 1967, she served as a member of the Freedom Fighters’ Pension Advisory Board. Hence, pair 2 is incorrectly matched Tarkeshwari Sinha was born in Tulsigarh village in Nalanda district, Bihar, on 26 December 1926. She was a student of Bankipore College in Patna. With great spirit and enthusiasm, she joined the Quit India Movement at the young age of 16 years. In 1945, the Indian National Army trials at the Red Fort inspired her very much. Tarkeshwari was elected as the President of Bihar Students’ Congress. Tarkeshwari won the first general assembly election in the year 1952. She was inducted by Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru into the cabinet Hence, pair 3 is incorrectly matched https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?10785 https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?5294

#### 4. Question

Consider the following pairs:

Freedom fighter Movement associated with

• Gulab Kaur Ghadar movement

• Accamma Cherian Swadeshi Movement

• Tarkeshwari Sinha Desasevika Sangh

How many of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

• (a) Only one pair

• (b) Only two pairs

• (c) All three pairs

Solution: A

Gulab Kaur, a fearless ghadarite, was born in Bakshiwala village of Sangrur district in 1890. Gulab Kaur with about fifty other ghadarites of the Philippines joined the S.S. Korea batch and sailed for India, changing at Singapore from S.S. Korea to Tosha Maru. There is a book available about Gulab Kaur titled Gadar Di Dhee Gulaab Kaur in Punjabi written by Kesar Singh published in 2014.

Hence, pair 1 is correctly matched

Accamma Cherian was born in a small hamlet in Kanjirapally, Travancore (present-day Kerala) in 1909. Though a teacher by profession, she quit her job to join India’s freedom movement. In October 1938, Accamma was entrusted by the party to organise the Desasevika Sangh (Female Volunteer Corps). Post-Independence, she was elected to the Travancore Legislative Assembly in 1947, and once she quit active politics in 1967, she served as a member of the Freedom Fighters’ Pension Advisory Board.

Hence, pair 2 is incorrectly matched

Tarkeshwari Sinha was born in Tulsigarh village in Nalanda district, Bihar, on 26 December 1926. She was a student of Bankipore College in Patna. With great spirit and enthusiasm, she joined the Quit India Movement at the young age of 16 years. In 1945, the Indian National Army trials at the Red Fort inspired her very much. Tarkeshwari was elected as the President of Bihar Students’ Congress. Tarkeshwari won the first general assembly election in the year 1952. She was inducted by Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru into the cabinet

Hence, pair 3 is incorrectly matched

https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?10785

https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?5294

Solution: A

Hence, pair 1 is correctly matched

Hence, pair 2 is incorrectly matched

Hence, pair 3 is incorrectly matched

https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?10785

https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?5294

• Question 5 of 34 5. Question 1 points Consider the following pairs: Work Event discussed Nil Darpan Indigo Rebellion Ananda math Quit India movement Siyar-ul-Mutakhirin Battle of Plassey How many of the pairs given above is/are correct? (a) Only one pair (b) Only two pairs (c) All three pairs (d) None Correct Solution: B *Nil Darpan* was a Bengali play written by Dinabandhu Mitra in 1858-59. The drama was written in the context of social agitation in Bengal, known as the Indigo Revolt. The play examines the treatment of the Indian peasantry or ryots by the indigo planters. It was first published in 1860. Hence, pair 1 is correctly matched. Anandamath is a Bengali historical novel, written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and published in 1882. It is inspired by and set in the background of the Sannyasi Rebellion in the late 18th century, it is considered one of the most important novels in the history of Bengali and Indian literature. Hence, pair 2 is incorrectly matched The work Siyar-ul-mutakherin was written by Sayyid Ghulam Husain Tabatai. Siyar-ul-mutakherin describes the Battle of Plassey. It is in three volumes. Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched Incorrect Solution: B *Nil Darpan* was a Bengali play written by Dinabandhu Mitra in 1858-59. The drama was written in the context of social agitation in Bengal, known as the Indigo Revolt. The play examines the treatment of the Indian peasantry or ryots by the indigo planters. It was first published in 1860. Hence, pair 1 is correctly matched. Anandamath is a Bengali historical novel, written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and published in 1882. It is inspired by and set in the background of the Sannyasi Rebellion in the late 18th century, it is considered one of the most important novels in the history of Bengali and Indian literature. Hence, pair 2 is incorrectly matched The work Siyar-ul-mutakherin was written by Sayyid Ghulam Husain Tabatai. Siyar-ul-mutakherin describes the Battle of Plassey. It is in three volumes. Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched

#### 5. Question

Consider the following pairs:

Work Event discussed

• Nil Darpan Indigo Rebellion

• Ananda math Quit India movement

• Siyar-ul-Mutakhirin Battle of Plassey

How many of the pairs given above is/are correct?

• (a) Only one pair

• (b) Only two pairs

• (c) All three pairs

Solution: B

*Nil Darpan* was a Bengali play written by Dinabandhu Mitra in 1858-59. The drama was written in the context of social agitation in Bengal, known as the Indigo Revolt. The play examines the treatment of the Indian peasantry or ryots by the indigo planters. It was first published in 1860.

Hence, pair 1 is correctly matched.

Anandamath is a Bengali historical novel, written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and published in 1882. It is inspired by and set in the background of the Sannyasi Rebellion in the late 18th century, it is considered one of the most important novels in the history of Bengali and Indian literature.

Hence, pair 2 is incorrectly matched

The work Siyar-ul-mutakherin was written by Sayyid Ghulam Husain Tabatai. Siyar-ul-mutakherin describes the Battle of Plassey. It is in three volumes.

Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched

Solution: B

Hence, pair 1 is correctly matched.

Hence, pair 2 is incorrectly matched

The work Siyar-ul-mutakherin was written by Sayyid Ghulam Husain Tabatai. Siyar-ul-mutakherin describes the Battle of Plassey. It is in three volumes.

Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched

• Question 6 of 34 6. Question 1 points Consider the followings: Tahzib al-aklilaq Aligarh Anglo-Muhammadan Oriental College Scientific Society Deoband Dar-ul-Ulum How many of the above movements/initiatives were associated with Sayyid Ahmed Khan? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: C A pattern of clear-cut reformist-revivalist conflict with the first tending to be loyalist and the second, anti-British, seems at first to be evident in late-nineteenth century Indian Islam, the two poles being represented by Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan’s Aligarh movement and the Deoband Dar- ul-Ulum or seminary founded in 1867 by two Mutiny veterans, Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi and Rashid Ahmed Gangohi. Sayyid Ahmed tried to convert upper-class Muslims of western U.P. to the virtues and benefits of English education through a Scientific Society (1864), a modernistic Urdu journal Tahzib al-aklilaq (1870), and the Aligarh Anglo-Muhammadan Oriental College (1875). Hence, option (c) is correct. Incorrect Solution: C A pattern of clear-cut reformist-revivalist conflict with the first tending to be loyalist and the second, anti-British, seems at first to be evident in late-nineteenth century Indian Islam, the two poles being represented by Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan’s Aligarh movement and the Deoband Dar- ul-Ulum or seminary founded in 1867 by two Mutiny veterans, Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi and Rashid Ahmed Gangohi. Sayyid Ahmed tried to convert upper-class Muslims of western U.P. to the virtues and benefits of English education through a Scientific Society (1864), a modernistic Urdu journal Tahzib al-aklilaq (1870), and the Aligarh Anglo-Muhammadan Oriental College (1875). Hence, option (c) is correct.

#### 6. Question

Consider the followings:

• Tahzib al-aklilaq

• Aligarh Anglo-Muhammadan Oriental College

• Scientific Society

• Deoband Dar-ul-Ulum

How many of the above movements/initiatives were associated with Sayyid Ahmed Khan?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: C

A pattern of clear-cut reformist-revivalist conflict with the first tending to be loyalist and the second, anti-British, seems at first to be evident in late-nineteenth century Indian Islam, the two poles being represented by Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan’s Aligarh movement and the Deoband Dar- ul-Ulum or seminary founded in 1867 by two Mutiny veterans, Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi and Rashid Ahmed Gangohi. Sayyid Ahmed tried to convert upper-class Muslims of western U.P. to the virtues and benefits of English education through a Scientific Society (1864), a modernistic Urdu journal Tahzib al-aklilaq (1870), and the Aligarh Anglo-Muhammadan Oriental College (1875).

Hence, option (c) is correct.

Solution: C

Hence, option (c) is correct.

• Question 7 of 34 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the eleven-point ultimatum of Gandhi: It was related to the socialistic approach of Society and not of capitalistic. It sought to carry out reforms in Criminal Investigation Department (CID). It did not demand the release of Political Prisoners. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 only (d) 1 and 2 only Correct Solution: C In 1930, Gandhi announced his 11-point ultimatum to Irwin which contained three specific capitalist demands-a rupee-sterling exchange rate of ls 4d, protection for cotton industry and reservation of coastal shipping for the Indian companies. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. Other demands of Gandhi were- reduction in expenditure on Army and civil services by 50 per cent, introduction of total prohibition, carrying out reforms in Criminal Investigation Department (CID), changing Arms Act allowing popular control of issue of firearms licence, releasing of political prisoners, accepting the Postal Reservation Bill, reduction in land revenue by 50 per cent and abolishing the salt tax and government’s salt monopoly. Hence, statement 2 is correct but statement 3 is incorrect. Incorrect Solution: C In 1930, Gandhi announced his 11-point ultimatum to Irwin which contained three specific capitalist demands-a rupee-sterling exchange rate of ls 4d, protection for cotton industry and reservation of coastal shipping for the Indian companies. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. Other demands of Gandhi were- reduction in expenditure on Army and civil services by 50 per cent, introduction of total prohibition, carrying out reforms in Criminal Investigation Department (CID), changing Arms Act allowing popular control of issue of firearms licence, releasing of political prisoners, accepting the Postal Reservation Bill, reduction in land revenue by 50 per cent and abolishing the salt tax and government’s salt monopoly. Hence, statement 2 is correct but statement 3 is incorrect.

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the eleven-point ultimatum of Gandhi:

• It was related to the socialistic approach of Society and not of capitalistic.

• It sought to carry out reforms in Criminal Investigation Department (CID).

• It did not demand the release of Political Prisoners.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 1 and 3 only

• (c) 2 only

• (d) 1 and 2 only

Solution: C

In 1930, Gandhi announced his 11-point ultimatum to Irwin which contained three specific capitalist demands-a rupee-sterling exchange rate of ls 4d, protection for cotton industry and reservation of coastal shipping for the Indian companies.

Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

Other demands of Gandhi were- reduction in expenditure on Army and civil services by 50 per cent, introduction of total prohibition, carrying out reforms in Criminal Investigation Department (CID), changing Arms Act allowing popular control of issue of firearms licence, releasing of political prisoners, accepting the Postal Reservation Bill, reduction in land revenue by 50 per cent and abolishing the salt tax and government’s salt monopoly.

Hence, statement 2 is correct but statement 3 is incorrect.

Solution: C

Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

Hence, statement 2 is correct but statement 3 is incorrect.

• Question 8 of 34 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Singh Sabha Movement Reform organisations: The first Singh Sabhas were formed at Lahore in 1873 and at Amritsar in 1879. The Sabhas sought to rid Sikhism of superstitions, caste distinctions and practices seen by them as non‐Sikh. They promoted education among the Sikhs, often combining modern instruction with Sikh teachings. How many of the above statements are correct? a) Only one b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B The Singh Sabha Movement Reform organisations of the Sikhs, the first Singh Sabhas were formed at Amritsar in 1873 and at Lahore in 1879. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. The Sabhas sought to rid Sikhism of superstitions, caste distinctions and practices seen by them as non‐Sikh. They promoted education among the Sikhs, often combining modern instruction with Sikh teachings. Hence, statement 2 and statement 3 both are correct. Incorrect Solution: B The Singh Sabha Movement Reform organisations of the Sikhs, the first Singh Sabhas were formed at Amritsar in 1873 and at Lahore in 1879. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. The Sabhas sought to rid Sikhism of superstitions, caste distinctions and practices seen by them as non‐Sikh. They promoted education among the Sikhs, often combining modern instruction with Sikh teachings. Hence, statement 2 and statement 3 both are correct.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Singh Sabha Movement Reform organisations:

• The first Singh Sabhas were formed at Lahore in 1873 and at Amritsar in 1879.

• The Sabhas sought to rid Sikhism of superstitions, caste distinctions and practices seen by them as non‐Sikh.

• They promoted education among the Sikhs, often combining modern instruction with Sikh teachings.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

The Singh Sabha Movement Reform organisations of the Sikhs, the first Singh Sabhas were formed at Amritsar in 1873 and at Lahore in 1879.

Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

The Sabhas sought to rid Sikhism of superstitions, caste distinctions and practices seen by them as non‐Sikh. They promoted education among the Sikhs, often combining modern instruction with Sikh teachings.

Hence, statement 2 and statement 3 both are correct.

Solution: B

The Singh Sabha Movement Reform organisations of the Sikhs, the first Singh Sabhas were formed at Amritsar in 1873 and at Lahore in 1879.

Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

Hence, statement 2 and statement 3 both are correct.

• Question 9 of 34 9. Question 1 points Consider the following statements : Statement-I : Once the Non-Cooperation movement was over, Gandhiji’s followers stressed that the Congress must undertake constructive work in the urban areas. Statement-II : Two important developments of the mid-1920s were the formation of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and the Communist Party of India. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: D Once the Non-Cooperation movement was over, Gandhiji’s followers stressed that the Congress must undertake constructive work in the rural areas. Other leaders such as Chitta Ranjan Das and Motilal Nehru argued that the party should fight elections to the councils and enter them in order to influence government policies. Hence, statement I is incorrect. Through sincere social work in villages in the mid-1920s, the Gandhians were able to extend their support base. This proved to be very useful in launching the Civil Disobedience movement in 1930. Two important developments of the mid-1920s were the formation of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu organisation, and the Communist Party of India. Hence, statement II is correct. These parties have held very different ideas about the kind of country India should be. Find out about their ideas with the help of your teacher. The revolutionary nationalist Bhagat Singh too was active in this period. Incorrect Solution: D Once the Non-Cooperation movement was over, Gandhiji’s followers stressed that the Congress must undertake constructive work in the rural areas. Other leaders such as Chitta Ranjan Das and Motilal Nehru argued that the party should fight elections to the councils and enter them in order to influence government policies. Hence, statement I is incorrect. Through sincere social work in villages in the mid-1920s, the Gandhians were able to extend their support base. This proved to be very useful in launching the Civil Disobedience movement in 1930. Two important developments of the mid-1920s were the formation of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu organisation, and the Communist Party of India. Hence, statement II is correct. These parties have held very different ideas about the kind of country India should be. Find out about their ideas with the help of your teacher. The revolutionary nationalist Bhagat Singh too was active in this period.

#### 9. Question

Consider the following statements :

Statement-I :

Once the Non-Cooperation movement was over, Gandhiji’s followers stressed that the Congress must undertake constructive work in the urban areas.

Statement-II :

Two important developments of the mid-1920s were the formation of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and the Communist Party of India.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: D

Once the Non-Cooperation movement was over, Gandhiji’s followers stressed that the Congress must undertake constructive work in the rural areas. Other leaders such as Chitta Ranjan Das and Motilal Nehru argued that the party should fight elections to the councils and enter them in order to influence government policies.

Hence, statement I is incorrect.

Through sincere social work in villages in the mid-1920s, the Gandhians were able to extend their support base. This proved to be very useful in launching the Civil Disobedience movement in 1930.

Two important developments of the mid-1920s were the formation of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu organisation, and the Communist Party of India.

Hence, statement II is correct.

These parties have held very different ideas about the kind of country India should be. Find out about their ideas with the help of your teacher. The revolutionary nationalist Bhagat Singh too was active in this period.

Solution: D

Hence, statement I is incorrect.

Through sincere social work in villages in the mid-1920s, the Gandhians were able to extend their support base. This proved to be very useful in launching the Civil Disobedience movement in 1930.

Two important developments of the mid-1920s were the formation of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu organisation, and the Communist Party of India.

Hence, statement II is correct.

• Question 10 of 34 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements : Statement-I : The provincial elections of 1937 seemed to have convinced the League that Muslims were a minority, and they would always have to play second fiddle in any democratic structure. Statement-II : The Congress’s failure to mobilise the Muslim masses in the 1930s allowed the League to widen its social support. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: B From the late 1930s, the League began viewing the Muslims as a separate “nation” from the Hindus. In developing this notion, it may have been influenced by the history of tension between some Hindu and Muslim groups in the 1920s and 1930s. More importantly, the provincial elections of 1937 seemed to have convinced the League that Muslims were a minority, and they would always have to play second fiddle in any democratic structure. It feared that Muslims may even go unrepresented. The Congress’s rejection of the League’s desire to form a joint Congress-League government in the United Provinces in 1937 also annoyed the League. Hence, statement I is correct. The Congress’s failure to mobilise the Muslim masses in the 1930s allowed the League to widen its social support. It sought to enlarge its support in the early 1940s when most Congress leaders were in jail. Hence, statement II is correct but it’s not the correct explanation of statement I. Incorrect Solution: B From the late 1930s, the League began viewing the Muslims as a separate “nation” from the Hindus. In developing this notion, it may have been influenced by the history of tension between some Hindu and Muslim groups in the 1920s and 1930s. More importantly, the provincial elections of 1937 seemed to have convinced the League that Muslims were a minority, and they would always have to play second fiddle in any democratic structure. It feared that Muslims may even go unrepresented. The Congress’s rejection of the League’s desire to form a joint Congress-League government in the United Provinces in 1937 also annoyed the League. Hence, statement I is correct. The Congress’s failure to mobilise the Muslim masses in the 1930s allowed the League to widen its social support. It sought to enlarge its support in the early 1940s when most Congress leaders were in jail. Hence, statement II is correct but it’s not the correct explanation of statement I.

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements :

Statement-I :

The provincial elections of 1937 seemed to have convinced the League that Muslims were a minority, and they would always have to play second fiddle in any democratic structure.

Statement-II :

The Congress’s failure to mobilise the Muslim masses in the 1930s allowed the League to widen its social support.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: B

From the late 1930s, the League began viewing the Muslims as a separate “nation” from the Hindus. In developing this notion, it may have been influenced by the history of tension between some Hindu and Muslim groups in the 1920s and 1930s. More importantly, the provincial elections of 1937 seemed to have convinced the League that Muslims were a minority, and they would always have to play second fiddle in any democratic structure. It feared that Muslims may even go unrepresented. The Congress’s rejection of the League’s desire to form a joint Congress-League government in the United Provinces in 1937 also annoyed the League.

Hence, statement I is correct.

The Congress’s failure to mobilise the Muslim masses in the 1930s allowed the League to widen its social support. It sought to enlarge its support in the early 1940s when most Congress leaders were in jail.

Hence, statement II is correct but it’s not the correct explanation of statement I.

Solution: B

Hence, statement I is correct.

Hence, statement II is correct but it’s not the correct explanation of statement I.

• Question 11 of 34 11. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Agenda for a National Education: Mahatma Gandhi argued that colonial education created a sense of inferiority in the minds of Indians. He wanted an education that could help Indians recover their sense of dignity and self-respect. He strongly felt that Indian languages ought to be the medium of teaching. How many of the above statements are *incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: D Mahatma Gandhi argued that colonial education created a sense of inferiority in the minds of Indians. It made them see Western civilisation as superior, and destroyed the pride they had in their own culture. There was poison in this education, said Mahatma Gandhi, it was sinful, it enslaved Indians, it cast an evil spell on them. Charmed by the West, appreciating everything that came from the West, Indians educated in these institutions began admiring British rule. Mahatma Gandhi wanted an education that could help Indians recover their sense of dignity and self-respect. During the national movement, he urged students to leave educational institutions in order to show to the British that Indians were no longer willing to be enslaved. Hence, statement 1 and statement 2 both are correct. Mahatma Gandhi strongly felt that Indian languages ought to be the medium of teaching. Education in English crippled Indians, distanced them from their own social surroundings, and made them “strangers in their own lands”. Speaking a foreign tongue, despising local culture, the English educated did not know how to relate to the masses. Hence, statement 3 is correct. Incorrect Solution: D Mahatma Gandhi argued that colonial education created a sense of inferiority in the minds of Indians. It made them see Western civilisation as superior, and destroyed the pride they had in their own culture. There was poison in this education, said Mahatma Gandhi, it was sinful, it enslaved Indians, it cast an evil spell on them. Charmed by the West, appreciating everything that came from the West, Indians educated in these institutions began admiring British rule. Mahatma Gandhi wanted an education that could help Indians recover their sense of dignity and self-respect. During the national movement, he urged students to leave educational institutions in order to show to the British that Indians were no longer willing to be enslaved. Hence, statement 1 and statement 2 both are correct. Mahatma Gandhi strongly felt that Indian languages ought to be the medium of teaching. Education in English crippled Indians, distanced them from their own social surroundings, and made them “strangers in their own lands”. Speaking a foreign tongue, despising local culture, the English educated did not know how to relate to the masses. Hence, statement 3 is correct.*

#### 11. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Agenda for a National Education:

• Mahatma Gandhi argued that colonial education created a sense of inferiority in the minds of Indians.

• He wanted an education that could help Indians recover their sense of dignity and self-respect.

• He strongly felt that Indian languages ought to be the medium of teaching.

How many of the above statements are *incorrect*?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: D

Mahatma Gandhi argued that colonial education created a sense of inferiority in the minds of Indians. It made them see Western civilisation as superior, and destroyed the pride they had in their own culture. There was poison in this education, said Mahatma Gandhi, it was sinful, it enslaved Indians, it cast an evil spell on them. Charmed by the West, appreciating everything that came from the West, Indians educated in these institutions began admiring British rule. Mahatma Gandhi wanted an education that could help Indians recover their sense of dignity and self-respect. During the national movement, he urged students to leave educational institutions in order to show to the British that Indians were no longer willing to be enslaved.

Hence, statement 1 and statement 2 both are correct.

Mahatma Gandhi strongly felt that Indian languages ought to be the medium of teaching. Education in English crippled Indians, distanced them from their own social surroundings, and made them “strangers in their own lands”. Speaking a foreign tongue, despising local culture, the English educated did not know how to relate to the masses.

Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Solution: D

Hence, statement 1 and statement 2 both are correct.

Hence, statement 3 is correct.

• Question 12 of 34 12. Question 1 points Consider the followings: Weak successors after Aurangzeb Lamentable dearth of able commanders No military reform No new technology Internal rebellions Persian invasion How many of the above were the reasons of the declining of Mughal Empire? (a) Only three (b) Only four (c) Only five (d) All six Correct Solution: D The process of decline had set in during the time of Aurangzeb and that it could not be arrested by his weak successors. The situation was further worsened by recurrent wars of succession. The Mughal army was weakened, allegedly because of a lamentable dearth of able commanders; there was no military reform and no new technology. This weakening of the Mughal military power encouraged internal rebellions and invited foreign invasions. The Marathas under Shivaji had time and again challenged Aurangzeb’s imperial rule. After his death the Maratha plunders increased-in 1738 they plundered even the sub urbs of Delhi. This was followed by the Persian invasion under Nadir Shah in 1738-39 and the sack of Delhi, which was a tremendous blow to the prestige of the empire. A brief recovery followed and the first Afghan invasion in 174 8 was repelled. Hence, option (d) is correct. Incorrect Solution: D The process of decline had set in during the time of Aurangzeb and that it could not be arrested by his weak successors. The situation was further worsened by recurrent wars of succession. The Mughal army was weakened, allegedly because of a lamentable dearth of able commanders; there was no military reform and no new technology. This weakening of the Mughal military power encouraged internal rebellions and invited foreign invasions. The Marathas under Shivaji had time and again challenged Aurangzeb’s imperial rule. After his death the Maratha plunders increased-in 1738 they plundered even the sub urbs of Delhi. This was followed by the Persian invasion under Nadir Shah in 1738-39 and the sack of Delhi, which was a tremendous blow to the prestige of the empire. A brief recovery followed and the first Afghan invasion in 174 8 was repelled. Hence, option (d) is correct.

#### 12. Question

Consider the followings:

• Weak successors after Aurangzeb

• Lamentable dearth of able commanders

• No military reform

• No new technology

• Internal rebellions

• Persian invasion

How many of the above were the reasons of the declining of Mughal Empire?

• (a) Only three

• (b) Only four

• (c) Only five

• (d) All six

Solution: D

The process of decline had set in during the time of Aurangzeb and that it could not be arrested by his weak successors. The situation was further worsened by recurrent wars of succession. The Mughal army was weakened, allegedly because of a lamentable dearth of able commanders; there was no military reform and no new technology. This weakening of the Mughal military power encouraged internal rebellions and invited foreign invasions. The Marathas under Shivaji had time and again challenged Aurangzeb’s imperial rule. After his death the Maratha plunders increased-in 1738 they plundered even the sub urbs of Delhi. This was followed by the Persian invasion under Nadir Shah in 1738-39 and the sack of Delhi, which was a tremendous blow to the prestige of the empire. A brief recovery followed and the first Afghan invasion in 174 8 was repelled.

Hence, option (d) is correct.

Solution: D

Hence, option (d) is correct.

• Question 13 of 34 13. Question 1 points Consider the following pairs: (Term) (meaning) Amils : vagrant peasants Pahikashts: revenue officials Khudkashts: peasants with occupancy rights Ijaradari : revenue-free land Nankar : revenue-collecting right to the highest bidder With reference to the revenue system of Mughal Empire, how many of the above pairs are *incorrectly matched? (a) Only two (b) Only three (c) Only four (d) All five Correct Solution: C Below the demand of the state and above that of the peasants, there was another kind of demand on the income of the land, and that was the demand of the local landlords or zamindars. There was differentiation among the zamindars. Some of them, like the Rajput chiefs of Rajasthan, were fairly big rajas with considerable local political power. They were incorporated into the Mughal bureaucracy, as in return for a fixed payment (peshkash) and loyalty to the emperor, their autonomous power over their own territory or uatan was recognised. At the bottom were the mulgujari or primary zamindars, who had an independent right over the land and in many cases, it was through them that revenue was collected from the peasants and in return they got nankar or revenue-free land. Hence, pair 5 is incorrectly matched. Between these two groups were the intermediary zamindars who collected revenue from their own zamindari as well from other primary zamindars, Below the zamindars were the peasants who were also differentiated: the khudkashts were peasants with occupancy rights, while the pahikashts were vagrant peasants. Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched but pair 2 is incorrectly matched. Sometimes, marathas collected advances from the amils (revenue officials), who in turn extorted as much as they could from the peasants. Hence, pair 1 is incorrectly matched. On the other hand, those who were more :frequently transferred found the local conditions too turbulent for the collection of revenue. To solve this problem and to squeeze maximum benefit within a short period, they devised the ijaradari system, through which revenue-collecting right was farmed out to the highest bidder. The revenue farmer’s demand was often much higher than the actual revenue demand and the pressures ultimately moved downward to the primary zamindars and the peasants. Hence, pair 4 is incorrectly matched. Incorrect Solution: C Below the demand of the state and above that of the peasants, there was another kind of demand on the income of the land, and that was the demand of the local landlords or zamindars. There was differentiation among the zamindars. Some of them, like the Rajput chiefs of Rajasthan, were fairly big rajas with considerable local political power. They were incorporated into the Mughal bureaucracy, as in return for a fixed payment (peshkash) and loyalty to the emperor, their autonomous power over their own territory or uatan was recognised. At the bottom were the mulgujari or primary zamindars, who had an independent right over the land and in many cases, it was through them that revenue was collected from the peasants and in return they got nankar or revenue-free land. Hence, pair 5 is incorrectly matched. Between these two groups were the intermediary zamindars who collected revenue from their own zamindari as well from other primary zamindars, Below the zamindars were the peasants who were also differentiated: the khudkashts were peasants with occupancy rights, while the pahikashts were vagrant peasants. Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched but pair 2 is incorrectly matched. Sometimes, marathas collected advances from the amils (revenue officials), who in turn extorted as much as they could from the peasants. Hence, pair 1 is incorrectly matched. On the other hand, those who were more :frequently transferred found the local conditions too turbulent for the collection of revenue. To solve this problem and to squeeze maximum benefit within a short period, they devised the ijaradari system, through which revenue-collecting right was farmed out to the highest bidder. The revenue farmer’s demand was often much higher than the actual revenue demand and the pressures ultimately moved downward to the primary zamindars and the peasants. Hence, pair 4 is incorrectly matched. *

#### 13. Question

Consider the following pairs:

(Term) (meaning)

• Amils : vagrant peasants

• Pahikashts: revenue officials

• Khudkashts: peasants with occupancy rights

• Ijaradari : revenue-free land

• Nankar : revenue-collecting right to the highest bidder

With reference to the revenue system of Mughal Empire, how many of the above pairs are *incorrectly* matched?

• (a) Only two

• (b) Only three

• (c) Only four

• (d) All five

Solution: C

Below the demand of the state and above that of the peasants, there was another kind of demand on the income of the land, and that was the demand of the local landlords or zamindars. There was differentiation among the zamindars. Some of them, like the Rajput chiefs of Rajasthan, were fairly big rajas with considerable local political power. They were incorporated into the Mughal bureaucracy, as in return for a fixed payment (peshkash) and loyalty to the emperor, their autonomous power over their own territory or uatan was recognised.

At the bottom were the mulgujari or primary zamindars, who had an independent right over the land and in many cases, it was through them that revenue was collected from the peasants and in return they got nankar or revenue-free land.

Hence, pair 5 is incorrectly matched.

Between these two groups were the intermediary zamindars who collected revenue from their own zamindari as well from other primary zamindars, Below the zamindars were the peasants who were also differentiated: the khudkashts were peasants with occupancy rights, while the pahikashts were vagrant peasants.

Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched but pair 2 is incorrectly matched.

Sometimes, marathas collected advances from the amils (revenue officials), who in turn extorted as much as they could from the peasants.

Hence, pair 1 is incorrectly matched.

On the other hand, those who were more :frequently transferred found the local conditions too turbulent for the collection of revenue. To solve this problem and to squeeze maximum benefit within a short period, they devised the ijaradari system, through which revenue-collecting right was farmed out to the highest bidder. The revenue farmer’s demand was often much higher than the actual revenue demand and the pressures ultimately moved downward to the primary zamindars and the peasants.

Hence, pair 4 is incorrectly matched.

Solution: C

Hence, pair 5 is incorrectly matched.

Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched but pair 2 is incorrectly matched.

Sometimes, marathas collected advances from the amils (revenue officials), who in turn extorted as much as they could from the peasants.

Hence, pair 1 is incorrectly matched.

Hence, pair 4 is incorrectly matched.

• Question 14 of 34 14. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Campbell Commission on Famine: As a result of the lack of seriousness in the Stretchy Commission report on famine, the British Government established this commission. It proposed emergency measures while blaming the government apparatus for the disaster. It recommended that the information about the state of Indian agriculture and the peasantry should be gathered. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Campbell Commission – 1866 – Sir John Lawrence Due the Orissa famine occurred in 1865–1866 affected Orissa, Bengal, Bihar, and Madras. It claimed over 20 lakh lives, with Orissa alone losing 10 lahks. Despite being warned, government officials did nothing to prepare for the disaster. This famine proved to be a watershed moment in the history of famines in India since it was followed by the appointment of a commission led by Sir George Campbell. It proposed emergency measures while blaming the government apparatus for the disaster. Hence, statement 2 is correct. Under the chairmanship of Richard Strachey, a commission was established in 1878. In the case of famine, the commission suggested government intervention in the food trade. As a result of the Campbell Commission report’s lack of seriousness, the British Government established this commission. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. Strachey Commission recommended that the information about the state of Indian agriculture and the peasantry should be gathered. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect. Incorrect Solution: A Campbell Commission – 1866 – Sir John Lawrence Due the Orissa famine occurred in 1865–1866 affected Orissa, Bengal, Bihar, and Madras. It claimed over 20 lakh lives, with Orissa alone losing 10 lahks. Despite being warned, government officials did nothing to prepare for the disaster. This famine proved to be a watershed moment in the history of famines in India since it was followed by the appointment of a commission led by Sir George Campbell. It proposed emergency measures while blaming the government apparatus for the disaster. Hence, statement 2 is correct. Under the chairmanship of Richard Strachey, a commission was established in 1878. In the case of famine, the commission suggested government intervention in the food trade. As a result of the Campbell Commission report’s lack of seriousness, the British Government established this commission. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. Strachey Commission recommended that the information about the state of Indian agriculture and the peasantry should be gathered. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

#### 14. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Campbell Commission on Famine:

• As a result of the lack of seriousness in the Stretchy Commission report on famine, the British Government established this commission.

• It proposed emergency measures while blaming the government apparatus for the disaster.

• It recommended that the information about the state of Indian agriculture and the peasantry should be gathered.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

Campbell Commission – 1866 – Sir John Lawrence

• Due the Orissa famine occurred in 1865–1866 affected Orissa, Bengal, Bihar, and Madras. It claimed over 20 lakh lives, with Orissa alone losing 10 lahks. Despite being warned, government officials did nothing to prepare for the disaster.

• This famine proved to be a watershed moment in the history of famines in India since it was followed by the appointment of a commission led by Sir George Campbell.

• It proposed emergency measures while blaming the government apparatus for the disaster.

Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Under the chairmanship of Richard Strachey, a commission was established in 1878. In the case of famine, the commission suggested government intervention in the food trade.

As a result of the Campbell Commission report’s lack of seriousness, the British Government established this commission.

Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

Strachey Commission recommended that the information about the state of Indian agriculture and the peasantry should be gathered.

Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

Solution: A

Campbell Commission – 1866 – Sir John Lawrence

• This famine proved to be a watershed moment in the history of famines in India since it was followed by the appointment of a commission led by Sir George Campbell.

• It proposed emergency measures while blaming the government apparatus for the disaster.

Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Under the chairmanship of Richard Strachey, a commission was established in 1878. In the case of famine, the commission suggested government intervention in the food trade.

As a result of the Campbell Commission report’s lack of seriousness, the British Government established this commission.

Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

Strachey Commission recommended that the information about the state of Indian agriculture and the peasantry should be gathered.

Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

• Question 15 of 34 15. Question 1 points Consider the following statements : Statement-I : Although the Imperial Legislative Council constituted under the Act of 1861 introduced decentralization of power, but it was ineffective. Statement-II : This council could not discuss the budget or a financial measure or any other important bill without the previous approval of the Government. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: A The Indian Councils Act of 1861 enlarged the Governor- General’s Executive Council for the purpose of making laws. The Governor-General could now add from six to twelve members to the Executive Council. At least half of these nominations had to be non-officials, Indian or British. This council came to be known as the Imperial Legislative Council. It possessed no powers at all. It could not discuss the budget or a financial measure or any other important bill without the previous approval of the Government. It could not discuss the actions of the administration. It could not, therefore, be seen as some kind of parliament, even of the most elementary kind. As if to underline this fact, the Council met, on an average, for only twenty-five days in a year till 1892. Hence, option (a) is correct. Incorrect Solution: A The Indian Councils Act of 1861 enlarged the Governor- General’s Executive Council for the purpose of making laws. The Governor-General could now add from six to twelve members to the Executive Council. At least half of these nominations had to be non-officials, Indian or British. This council came to be known as the Imperial Legislative Council. It possessed no powers at all. It could not discuss the budget or a financial measure or any other important bill without the previous approval of the Government. It could not discuss the actions of the administration. It could not, therefore, be seen as some kind of parliament, even of the most elementary kind. As if to underline this fact, the Council met, on an average, for only twenty-five days in a year till 1892. Hence, option (a) is correct.

#### 15. Question

Consider the following statements :

Statement-I :

Although the Imperial Legislative Council constituted under the Act of 1861 introduced decentralization of power, but it was ineffective.

Statement-II :

This council could not discuss the budget or a financial measure or any other important bill without the previous approval of the Government.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: A

The Indian Councils Act of 1861 enlarged the Governor- General’s Executive Council for the purpose of making laws. The Governor-General could now add from six to twelve members to the Executive Council. At least half of these nominations had to be non-officials, Indian or British. This council came to be known as the Imperial Legislative Council. It possessed no powers at all. It could not discuss the budget or a financial measure or any other important bill without the previous approval of the Government. It could not discuss the actions of the administration. It could not, therefore, be seen as some kind of parliament, even of the most elementary kind. As if to underline this fact, the Council met, on an average, for only twenty-five days in a year till 1892.

Hence, option (a) is correct.

Solution: A

Hence, option (a) is correct.

• Question 16 of 34 16. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Gopal Krishna Gokhale: He was one of the intellect of Indian Economics. He was a good orator and used strong and forceful language to convince people of India against British. He was to transform the Legislative Council into an open university for imparting political education to the people. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Gopal Krishna Gokhale was an outstanding intellectual who had been carefully trained in Indian economics by Justice Ranade and G.V. Josh’. He was no orator. He did not use strong and forceful language as Tilak, Dadabhai Naoroji and R.C. Dun did. Nor did he take recourse, as Mehta did, to humour, irony and courteous, sarcasm. Hence, statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect. As a speaker he was gentle, reasonable, courteous, non-flamboyant and lucid. He relied primarily upon detailed knowledge and the careful data. Consequently, while his speeches did not entertain or hurt, they gradually took hold of the listeners’ or readers’ attention by their sheer intellectual power. Gokhale was to gain great fame for his budget speeches which used to be reported extensively by the newspapers and whose readers would wait eagerly for their morning copy. He was to transform the Legislative Council into an open university for imparting political education to the people. Hence, statement 3 is correct. Incorrect Solution: B Gopal Krishna Gokhale was an outstanding intellectual who had been carefully trained in Indian economics by Justice Ranade and G.V. Josh’. He was no orator. He did not use strong and forceful language as Tilak, Dadabhai Naoroji and R.C. Dun did. Nor did he take recourse, as Mehta did, to humour, irony and courteous, sarcasm. Hence, statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect. As a speaker he was gentle, reasonable, courteous, non-flamboyant and lucid. He relied primarily upon detailed knowledge and the careful data. Consequently, while his speeches did not entertain or hurt, they gradually took hold of the listeners’ or readers’ attention by their sheer intellectual power. Gokhale was to gain great fame for his budget speeches which used to be reported extensively by the newspapers and whose readers would wait eagerly for their morning copy. He was to transform the Legislative Council into an open university for imparting political education to the people. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

#### 16. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Gopal Krishna Gokhale:

• He was one of the intellect of Indian Economics.

• He was a good orator and used strong and forceful language to convince people of India against British.

• He was to transform the Legislative Council into an open university for imparting political education to the people.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

Gopal Krishna Gokhale was an outstanding intellectual who had been carefully trained in Indian economics by Justice Ranade and G.V. Josh’. He was no orator. He did not use strong and forceful language as Tilak, Dadabhai Naoroji and R.C. Dun did. Nor did he take recourse, as Mehta did, to humour, irony and courteous, sarcasm.

Hence, statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.

As a speaker he was gentle, reasonable, courteous, non-flamboyant and lucid. He relied primarily upon detailed knowledge and the careful data. Consequently, while his speeches did not entertain or hurt, they gradually took hold of the listeners’ or readers’ attention by their sheer intellectual power.

Gokhale was to gain great fame for his budget speeches which used to be reported extensively by the newspapers and whose readers would wait eagerly for their morning copy. He was to transform the Legislative Council into an open university for imparting political education to the people.

Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Solution: B

Hence, statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.

Hence, statement 3 is correct.

• Question 17 of 34 17. Question 1 points With reference to the Swadeshi Movement, consider the following statements: Through this movement, women, students and a large section of the urban and rural population of Bengal and other parts of India became actively involved in politics for the first time. The partition of Bengal, in the words of Lord Curzon was to ‘dethrone Calcutta’ from its position. The partition of the state intended to curb Bengali influence by not only placing Bengalis under two administrations but by reducing them to a minority in Bengal. How many of the above statements are *incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: D With the start of the Swadeshi Movement at the turn of the century, the Indian national movement took a major leap forward. Women, students and a large section of the urban and rural population of Bengal and other parts of India became actively involved in politics for the first time. Hence, statement 1 is correct. The Swadeshi Movement had its genesis in the anti- partition movement which was started to oppose the British decision to partition Bengal. There was no questioning the fact that Bengal with a population of 78 million (about a quarter of the population of British India) had indeed become administratively unwieldy. Equally there was no escaping the fact that the real motive or partitioning Bengal was political. Indian nationalism was gaining in strength and partition expected to weaken what was perceived as the nerve centre of Indian nationalism at that time. The attempt, at that time in the words of Lord Curzon, the Viceroy (1899-1905) was to ‘dethrone Calcutta’ from its position as the ‘centre from which the Congress Party is manipulated throughout Bengal, and indeed which the Congress Party centre of successful intrigue’ and ‘divide the Bengali speaking population.’ Hence, statement 2 is correct. The partition of the state intended to curb Bengali influence by not only placing Bengalis under two administrations but by reducing them to a minority in Bengal. Hence, statement 3 is correct. Incorrect Solution: D With the start of the Swadeshi Movement at the turn of the century, the Indian national movement took a major leap forward. Women, students and a large section of the urban and rural population of Bengal and other parts of India became actively involved in politics for the first time. Hence, statement 1 is correct. The Swadeshi Movement had its genesis in the anti- partition movement which was started to oppose the British decision to partition Bengal. There was no questioning the fact that Bengal with a population of 78 million (about a quarter of the population of British India) had indeed become administratively unwieldy. Equally there was no escaping the fact that the real motive or partitioning Bengal was political. Indian nationalism was gaining in strength and partition expected to weaken what was perceived as the nerve centre of Indian nationalism at that time. The attempt, at that time in the words of Lord Curzon, the Viceroy (1899-1905) was to ‘dethrone Calcutta’ from its position as the ‘centre from which the Congress Party is manipulated throughout Bengal, and indeed which the Congress Party centre of successful intrigue’ and ‘divide the Bengali speaking population.’ Hence, statement 2 is correct. The partition of the state intended to curb Bengali influence by not only placing Bengalis under two administrations but by reducing them to a minority in Bengal. Hence, statement 3 is correct.*

#### 17. Question

With reference to the Swadeshi Movement, consider the following statements:

• Through this movement, women, students and a large section of the urban and rural population of Bengal and other parts of India became actively involved in politics for the first time.

• The partition of Bengal, in the words of Lord Curzon was to ‘dethrone Calcutta’ from its position.

• The partition of the state intended to curb Bengali influence by not only placing Bengalis under two administrations but by reducing them to a minority in Bengal.

How many of the above statements are *incorrect*?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: D

With the start of the Swadeshi Movement at the turn of the century, the Indian national movement took a major leap forward. Women, students and a large section of the urban and rural population of Bengal and other parts of India became actively involved in politics for the first time.

Hence, statement 1 is correct.

The Swadeshi Movement had its genesis in the anti- partition movement which was started to oppose the British decision to partition Bengal. There was no questioning the fact that Bengal with a population of 78 million (about a quarter of the population of British India) had indeed become administratively unwieldy. Equally there was no escaping the fact that the real motive or partitioning Bengal was political. Indian nationalism was gaining in strength and partition expected to weaken what was perceived as the nerve centre of Indian nationalism at that time. The attempt, at that time in the words of Lord Curzon, the Viceroy (1899-1905) was to ‘dethrone Calcutta’ from its position as the ‘centre from which the Congress Party is manipulated throughout Bengal, and indeed which the Congress Party centre of successful intrigue’ and ‘divide the Bengali speaking population.’

Hence, statement 2 is correct.

The partition of the state intended to curb Bengali influence by not only placing Bengalis under two administrations but by reducing them to a minority in Bengal.

Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Solution: D

Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Hence, statement 2 is correct.

The partition of the state intended to curb Bengali influence by not only placing Bengalis under two administrations but by reducing them to a minority in Bengal.

Hence, statement 3 is correct.

• Question 18 of 34 18. Question 1 points Which of the followings were the rights given to the Secretary of State for India under GoI Act, 1858? The powers of the Company’s Court of Directors were vested with him. He was to be a member of British cabinet. He was to be assisted by a council of 15 members. He was responsible to the governor General of India. Select the correct answer by using code given below: (a) 1, 2 and 4 only (b) 2, 3 and 4 only (c) 1 and 4 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 only Correct Solution: D Secretary of State for India, vested with complete authority and control over Indian administration. The secretary of state was a member of the British Cabinet and was responsible ultimately to the British Parliament. Hence, statement 2 is correct but statement 4 is incorrect. The powers of the Company’s Court of Directors were vested with the Secretary of State for India. He was to be assisted by a council of 15 members Hence, statement 1 and 3 both are correct. Incorrect Solution: D Secretary of State for India, vested with complete authority and control over Indian administration. The secretary of state was a member of the British Cabinet and was responsible ultimately to the British Parliament. Hence, statement 2 is correct but statement 4 is incorrect. The powers of the Company’s Court of Directors were vested with the Secretary of State for India. He was to be assisted by a council of 15 members Hence, statement 1 and 3 both are correct.

#### 18. Question

Which of the followings were the rights given to the Secretary of State for India under GoI Act, 1858?

• The powers of the Company’s Court of Directors were vested with him.

• He was to be a member of British cabinet.

• He was to be assisted by a council of 15 members.

• He was responsible to the governor General of India.

Select the correct answer by using code given below:

• (a) 1, 2 and 4 only

• (b) 2, 3 and 4 only

• (c) 1 and 4 only

• (d) 1, 2 and 3 only

Solution: D

Secretary of State for India, vested with complete authority and control over Indian administration. The secretary of state was a member of the British Cabinet and was responsible ultimately to the British Parliament.

Hence, statement 2 is correct but statement 4 is incorrect.

The powers of the Company’s Court of Directors were vested with the Secretary of State for India. He was to be assisted by a council of 15 members

Hence, statement 1 and 3 both are correct.

Solution: D

Hence, statement 2 is correct but statement 4 is incorrect.

The powers of the Company’s Court of Directors were vested with the Secretary of State for India. He was to be assisted by a council of 15 members

Hence, statement 1 and 3 both are correct.

• Question 19 of 34 19. Question 1 points Consider the following statements : Statement-I : In many senses, Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi thought about education in similar ways. Statement-II : Tagore and Gandhi both wanted to combine elements of modern Western civilisation with what they saw as the best within Indian tradition. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: C In many senses, Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi thought about education in similar ways. There were, however, differences too. Gandhiji was highly critical of Western civilisation and its worship of machines and technology. Tagore wanted to combine elements of modern Western civilisation with what he saw as the best within Indian tradition. He emphasised the need to teach science and technology at Santiniketan, along with art, music and dance. Hence, statement-I is correct but statement-II is incorrect. Incorrect Solution: C In many senses, Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi thought about education in similar ways. There were, however, differences too. Gandhiji was highly critical of Western civilisation and its worship of machines and technology. Tagore wanted to combine elements of modern Western civilisation with what he saw as the best within Indian tradition. He emphasised the need to teach science and technology at Santiniketan, along with art, music and dance. Hence, statement-I is correct but statement-II is incorrect.

#### 19. Question

Consider the following statements :

Statement-I :

In many senses, Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi thought about education in similar ways.

Statement-II :

Tagore and Gandhi both wanted to combine elements of modern Western civilisation with what they saw as the best within Indian tradition.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: C

In many senses, Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi thought about education in similar ways. There were, however, differences too.

Gandhiji was highly critical of Western civilisation and its worship of machines and technology. Tagore wanted to combine elements of modern Western civilisation with what he saw as the best within Indian tradition. He emphasised the need to teach science and technology at Santiniketan, along with art, music and dance.

Hence, statement-I is correct but statement-II is incorrect.

Solution: C

In many senses, Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi thought about education in similar ways. There were, however, differences too.

Hence, statement-I is correct but statement-II is incorrect.

• Question 20 of 34 20. Question 1 points Consider the following pairs: (News Paper/ journal) (Editor/founder) Hindu Patriot Madan Mohan Malviya Bengalee Virendranath Chattopadhyay Tribune Dayal Singh Majeethia Talwar Girishchandra Ghosh Leader James Augustus Hicky How many of the above pairs are *incorrectly matched? (a) Only two (b) Only three (c) Only four (d) All five Correct Solution: c The Hindu Patriot was launched in 1853 under the editorship of Girish Chandra Ghosh, and by 1855 Harish Chandra Mukherjee had assumed the editorship of the journal. Hence, pair 1 is incorrectly matched. The Bengalee, an English-language newspaper, was published in Kolkata from 1862 to 1931. It started as a daily newspaper and later transitioned into a weekly publication. The Bengalee was edited by several notable figures, including Girish Chandra Ghose and Surendranath Banerjee. From its inception, the Bengalee played a crucial role as a key instrument of the Indian independence movement. Hence, pair 2 is incorrectly matched. The Tribune is an Indian English-language daily newspaper published from Amritsar, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Bathinda, Chandigarh and Gurugram. It was founded on 2 February 1881, in Lahore, Punjab, by Sardar Dyal Singh Majeethia, a philanthropist, and is run by a trust comprising five persons as trustees. Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched. Talwar was published by Virendranath Chattopadhyay from Berlin. Hence, pair 4 is incorrectly matched. The leader was published by Madan Mohan Malviya. Hence, pair 5 is incorrectly matched. Incorrect Solution: c The Hindu Patriot was launched in 1853 under the editorship of Girish Chandra Ghosh, and by 1855 Harish Chandra Mukherjee had assumed the editorship of the journal. Hence, pair 1 is incorrectly matched. The Bengalee, an English-language newspaper, was published in Kolkata from 1862 to 1931. It started as a daily newspaper and later transitioned into a weekly publication. The Bengalee was edited by several notable figures, including Girish Chandra Ghose and Surendranath Banerjee. From its inception, the Bengalee played a crucial role as a key instrument of the Indian independence movement. Hence, pair 2 is incorrectly matched. The Tribune is an Indian English-language daily newspaper published from Amritsar, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Bathinda, Chandigarh and Gurugram. It was founded on 2 February 1881, in Lahore, Punjab, by Sardar Dyal Singh Majeethia, a philanthropist, and is run by a trust comprising five persons as trustees. Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched. Talwar was published by Virendranath Chattopadhyay from Berlin. Hence, pair 4 is incorrectly matched. The leader was published by Madan Mohan Malviya. Hence, pair 5 is incorrectly matched.*

#### 20. Question

Consider the following pairs:

(News Paper/ journal) (Editor/founder)

• Hindu Patriot Madan Mohan Malviya

• Bengalee Virendranath Chattopadhyay

• Tribune Dayal Singh Majeethia

• Talwar Girishchandra Ghosh

• Leader James Augustus Hicky

How many of the above pairs are *incorrectly* matched?

• (a) Only two

• (b) Only three

• (c) Only four

• (d) All five

Solution: c

The Hindu Patriot was launched in 1853 under the editorship of Girish Chandra Ghosh**, and by 1855 Harish Chandra Mukherjee had assumed the editorship of the journal.

Hence, pair 1 is incorrectly matched.

The *Bengalee, an English-language newspaper, was published in Kolkata from 1862 to 1931. It started as a daily newspaper and later transitioned into a weekly publication. The Bengalee was edited by several notable figures, including Girish Chandra Ghose and Surendranath Banerjee*. From its inception, the Bengalee played a crucial role as a key instrument of the Indian independence movement.

Hence, pair 2 is incorrectly matched.

The Tribune is an Indian English-language daily newspaper published from Amritsar, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Bathinda, Chandigarh and Gurugram. It was founded on 2 February 1881, in Lahore, Punjab, by Sardar Dyal Singh Majeethia, a philanthropist, and is run by a trust comprising five persons as trustees.

Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched.

Talwar was published by Virendranath Chattopadhyay from Berlin.

Hence, pair 4 is incorrectly matched.

The leader was published by Madan Mohan Malviya.

Hence, pair 5 is incorrectly matched.

Solution: c

The Hindu Patriot was launched in 1853 under the editorship of Girish Chandra Ghosh**, and by 1855 Harish Chandra Mukherjee had assumed the editorship of the journal.

Hence, pair 1 is incorrectly matched.

Hence, pair 2 is incorrectly matched.

Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched.

Talwar was published by Virendranath Chattopadhyay from Berlin.

Hence, pair 4 is incorrectly matched.

The leader was published by Madan Mohan Malviya.

Hence, pair 5 is incorrectly matched.

• Question 21 of 34 21. Question 1 points Consider the following statements : The processes of railway construction was faster during the first half of 19th century which later became slower due to lack of funds. During 1860s, the cotton production of India reduced due the American Civil War. During the second half of 19th century, commercialization of agriculture have been hailed as signs of ‘modernization’. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A The inter-related processes of railway construction (only 432 miles in 1859, over 5000 miles just ten years later, nearly 25,000 miles by the end of the century), rising exports (particularly noticeable during the ‘cotton boom’ of the 1860s when the American Civil War made Lancashire turn to Deccan raw cotton for a few years, and again in the 1880s and early ’90s) and commercialization of agriculture have been sometimes hailed as signs of ‘modernization’. Orthodox economics tends to associate commercialization with the development of agricultural surpluses and rural prosperity; one might also expect tendencies towards capitalist farming through a differentiation among the peasantry which would certainly mean suffering for the poorer sections, but also growth in productivity. Yet here, as elsewhere, colonialism had a twisted logic of its own, for commercialization emerges on analysis to have been often an artificial and forced process which led to differentiation without genuine growth. Hence, statement 1 and statement 2 both are incorrect but statement 3 is correct. Incorrect Solution: A The inter-related processes of railway construction (only 432 miles in 1859, over 5000 miles just ten years later, nearly 25,000 miles by the end of the century), rising exports (particularly noticeable during the ‘cotton boom’ of the 1860s when the American Civil War made Lancashire turn to Deccan raw cotton for a few years, and again in the 1880s and early ’90s) and commercialization of agriculture have been sometimes hailed as signs of ‘modernization’. Orthodox economics tends to associate commercialization with the development of agricultural surpluses and rural prosperity; one might also expect tendencies towards capitalist farming through a differentiation among the peasantry which would certainly mean suffering for the poorer sections, but also growth in productivity. Yet here, as elsewhere, colonialism had a twisted logic of its own, for commercialization emerges on analysis to have been often an artificial and forced process which led to differentiation without genuine growth. Hence, statement 1 and statement 2 both are incorrect but statement 3 is correct.

#### 21. Question

Consider the following statements :

• The processes of railway construction was faster during the first half of 19th century which later became slower due to lack of funds.

• During 1860s, the cotton production of India reduced due the American Civil War.

• During the second half of 19th century, commercialization of agriculture have been hailed as signs of ‘modernization’.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

The inter-related processes of railway construction (only 432 miles in 1859, over 5000 miles just ten years later, nearly 25,000 miles by the end of the century), rising exports (particularly noticeable during the ‘cotton boom’ of the 1860s when the American Civil War made Lancashire turn to Deccan raw cotton for a few years, and again in the 1880s and early ’90s) and commercialization of agriculture have been sometimes hailed as signs of ‘modernization’.

Orthodox economics tends to associate commercialization with the development of agricultural surpluses and rural prosperity; one might also expect tendencies towards capitalist farming through a differentiation among the peasantry which would certainly mean suffering for the poorer sections, but also growth in productivity. Yet here, as elsewhere, colonialism had a twisted logic of its own, for commercialization emerges on analysis to have been often an artificial and forced process which led to differentiation without genuine growth.

Hence, statement 1 and statement 2 both are incorrect but statement 3 is correct.

Solution: A

Hence, statement 1 and statement 2 both are incorrect but statement 3 is correct.

• Question 22 of 34 22. Question 1 points Consider the followings: Sambalpur Nagpur Jhansi Udaipur Arrange the above states in the chronological order of their merger with British Empire under “Doctrine of Lapse” Policy? (a) 3-1-2-4 (b) 4-1-2-3 (c) 1-4-2-3 (d) 2-3-1-4 Correct Solution: C It was during the time of Lord Dalhousie (1848-56) that expansionist tendencies became most manifest during Company’s regime. By using his “Doctrine of Lapse”, i.e., the policy of annexing the territories of Indian rulers who died without a male heir, he took over Satara (1848), Sambalpur and Baghat (1850), Udaipur (1852), Nagpur (1853) and Jhansi (1854). The Second Burma War (1852-53) resulted in the annexation of Pegu, while in 1853 he took over Berar from Hyderabad to secure the payment of subsidy for the Company’s army. Thus by 1857 the Company had annexed about 63 per cent of the territories of the Indian subcontinent and had subordinated over 78 per cent of its population. Hence, option (c) is correct. Incorrect Solution: C It was during the time of Lord Dalhousie (1848-56) that expansionist tendencies became most manifest during Company’s regime. By using his “Doctrine of Lapse”, i.e., the policy of annexing the territories of Indian rulers who died without a male heir, he took over Satara (1848), Sambalpur and Baghat (1850), Udaipur (1852), Nagpur (1853) and Jhansi (1854). The Second Burma War (1852-53) resulted in the annexation of Pegu, while in 1853 he took over Berar from Hyderabad to secure the payment of subsidy for the Company’s army. Thus by 1857 the Company had annexed about 63 per cent of the territories of the Indian subcontinent and had subordinated over 78 per cent of its population. Hence, option (c) is correct.

#### 22. Question

Consider the followings:

Arrange the above states in the chronological order of their merger with British Empire under “Doctrine of Lapse” Policy?

• (a) 3-1-2-4

• (b) 4-1-2-3

• (c) 1-4-2-3

• (d) 2-3-1-4

Solution: C

It was during the time of Lord Dalhousie (1848-56) that expansionist tendencies became most manifest during Company’s regime. By using his “Doctrine of Lapse”, i.e., the policy of annexing the territories of Indian rulers who died without a male heir, he took over Satara (1848), Sambalpur and Baghat (1850), Udaipur (1852), Nagpur (1853) and Jhansi (1854). The Second Burma War (1852-53) resulted in the annexation of Pegu, while in 1853 he took over Berar from Hyderabad to secure the payment of subsidy for the Company’s army. Thus by 1857 the Company had annexed about 63 per cent of the territories of the Indian subcontinent and had subordinated over 78 per cent of its population.

Hence, option (c) is correct.

Solution: C

Hence, option (c) is correct.

• Question 23 of 34 23. Question 1 points Consider the following statements : Statement-I : The fundamental principle of Oriental tradition was that the conquered people were to be ruled by British laws. Statement-II : Orientalism in practice in its early phase could be seen in the policies of the Company’s government under Warren Hastings. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: B Orientalism in practice in its early phase could be seen in the policies of the Company’s government under Warren Hastings. The fundamental principle of Oriental tradition was that the conquered people were to be ruled by their own laws-British rule had to “legitimize itself in an Indian idiom”. Hence, option (b) is correct. It therefore needed to produce knowledge about Indian society, a process which Gauri Viswanathan would call “reverse acculturation”. It informed the European rulers of the customs and laws of the land for the purposes of assimilating them into the subject society for more efficient administration. It was with this political vision that Fort William College at Calcutta was established in 1800 to train civil servants in Indian languages and tradition. The Orientalist discourse, however, had another political project, as Thomas Trautmann (1997) has argued. By giving currency to the idea of kinship between the British and the Indians dating back to the classical past, it was also morally binding the latter to colonial rule through a rhetoric of love”. “Every accumulation of knowledge”, Warren Hastings wrote in 1785, “is useful to the state. Incorrect Solution: B Orientalism in practice in its early phase could be seen in the policies of the Company’s government under Warren Hastings. The fundamental principle of Oriental tradition was that the conquered people were to be ruled by their own laws-British rule had to “legitimize itself in an Indian idiom”. Hence, option (b) is correct. It therefore needed to produce knowledge about Indian society, a process which Gauri Viswanathan would call “reverse acculturation”. It informed the European rulers of the customs and laws of the land for the purposes of assimilating them into the subject society for more efficient administration. It was with this political vision that Fort William College at Calcutta was established in 1800 to train civil servants in Indian languages and tradition. The Orientalist discourse, however, had another political project, as Thomas Trautmann (1997) has argued. By giving currency to the idea of kinship between the British and the Indians dating back to the classical past, it was also morally binding the latter to colonial rule through a rhetoric of love”. “Every accumulation of knowledge”, Warren Hastings wrote in 1785, “is useful to the state.

#### 23. Question

Consider the following statements :

Statement-I :

The fundamental principle of Oriental tradition was that the conquered people were to be ruled by British laws.

Statement-II :

Orientalism in practice in its early phase could be seen in the policies of the Company’s government under Warren Hastings.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: B

Orientalism in practice in its early phase could be seen in the policies of the Company’s government under Warren Hastings. The fundamental principle of Oriental tradition was that the conquered people were to be ruled by their own laws-British rule had to “legitimize itself in an Indian idiom”.

Hence, option (b) is correct.

It therefore needed to produce knowledge about Indian society, a process which Gauri Viswanathan would call “reverse acculturation”. It informed the European rulers of the customs and laws of the land for the purposes of assimilating them into the subject society for more efficient administration. It was with this political vision that Fort William College at Calcutta was established in 1800 to train civil servants in Indian languages and tradition. The Orientalist discourse, however, had another political project, as Thomas Trautmann (1997) has argued. By giving currency to the idea of kinship between the British and the Indians dating back to the classical past, it was also morally binding the latter to colonial rule through a rhetoric of love”. “Every accumulation of knowledge”, Warren Hastings wrote in 1785, “is useful to the state.

Solution: B

Hence, option (b) is correct.

• Question 24 of 34 24. Question 1 points Which of the following Acts did empower the Viceroy to issue ordinances, without the concurrence of the legislative council, during an emergency? (a) Government of India Act of 1858 (b) Indian Councils Act of 1861 (c) Charter Act of 1833 (d) Indian Councils Act of 1892 Correct Solution: B Indian Councils Act of 1861 empowered the Viceroy to issue ordinances, without the concurrence of the legislative council, during an emergency. Incorrect Solution: B Indian Councils Act of 1861 empowered the Viceroy to issue ordinances, without the concurrence of the legislative council, during an emergency.

#### 24. Question

Which of the following Acts did empower the Viceroy to issue ordinances, without the concurrence of the legislative council, during an emergency?

• (a) Government of India Act of 1858

• (b) Indian Councils Act of 1861

• (c) Charter Act of 1833

• (d) Indian Councils Act of 1892

Solution: B

Indian Councils Act of 1861 empowered the Viceroy to issue ordinances, without the concurrence of the legislative council, during an emergency.

Solution: B

Indian Councils Act of 1861 empowered the Viceroy to issue ordinances, without the concurrence of the legislative council, during an emergency.

• Question 25 of 34 25. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding labour reforms in India: In 1878, Sorabjee Shapoorji Bengalee tried unsuccessfully to introduce a Bill in the Bombay Legislative Council to limit the working hours for labour. In Bengal, Sasipada Banerjea, a Brahmo Social reformer, set up a Workingmen’s Club in 1870 and brought out a monthly journal called Bharat Sramjeebi. In Bombay, Narayan Meghajee Lokhanday brought out an Anglo-Marathi weekly called DinaBandhu in 1880. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: C In 1878, Sorabjee Shapoorji Bengalee tried unsuccessfully to introduce a Bill in the Bombay Legislative Council to limit the working hours for labour. Hence, statement 1 is correct. In Bengal, Sasipada Banerjea, a Brahmo Social reformer, set up a Workingmen’s Club in 1870 and brought out a monthly journal called *Bharat Sramjeebi *(Indian Labour), with the primary idea of educating the workers. Hence, statement 2 is correct. In Bombay, Narayan Meghajee Lokhanday brought out an Anglo-Marathi weekly called *DinaBandhu *(Friend of the Poor) in 1880, and started the Bombay Mill and Millhands’ Association in 1890. Hence, statement 3 is correct. Lokhanday held meetings of workers and in one instance sent a memorial signed by 5,500 mill workers, to the Bombay Factory Commission, putting forward some minimum workers’ demands. All these efforts were admittedly of a philanthropic nature and did not represent the beginnings of an organized working class movement. Moreover, these philanthropists did not belong to the mainstream of the contemporary national movement. Incorrect Solution: C In 1878, Sorabjee Shapoorji Bengalee tried unsuccessfully to introduce a Bill in the Bombay Legislative Council to limit the working hours for labour. Hence, statement 1 is correct. In Bengal, Sasipada Banerjea, a Brahmo Social reformer, set up a Workingmen’s Club in 1870 and brought out a monthly journal called *Bharat Sramjeebi *(Indian Labour), with the primary idea of educating the workers. Hence, statement 2 is correct. In Bombay, Narayan Meghajee Lokhanday brought out an Anglo-Marathi weekly called *DinaBandhu *(Friend of the Poor) in 1880, and started the Bombay Mill and Millhands’ Association in 1890. Hence, statement 3 is correct. Lokhanday held meetings of workers and in one instance sent a memorial signed by 5,500 mill workers, to the Bombay Factory Commission, putting forward some minimum workers’ demands. All these efforts were admittedly of a philanthropic nature and did not represent the beginnings of an organized working class movement. Moreover, these philanthropists did not belong to the mainstream of the contemporary national movement.

#### 25. Question

Consider the following statements regarding labour reforms in India:

• In 1878, Sorabjee Shapoorji Bengalee tried unsuccessfully to introduce a Bill in the Bombay Legislative Council to limit the working hours for labour.

• In Bengal, Sasipada Banerjea, a Brahmo Social reformer, set up a Workingmen’s Club in 1870 and brought out a monthly journal called Bharat Sramjeebi.

• In Bombay, Narayan Meghajee Lokhanday brought out an Anglo-Marathi weekly called DinaBandhu in 1880.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: C

• In 1878, Sorabjee Shapoorji Bengalee tried unsuccessfully to introduce a Bill in the Bombay Legislative Council to limit the working hours for labour.

Hence, statement 1 is correct.

• In Bengal, Sasipada Banerjea, a Brahmo Social reformer, set up a Workingmen’s Club in 1870 and brought out a monthly journal called *Bharat Sramjeebi *(Indian Labour), with the primary idea of educating the workers.

Hence, statement 2 is correct.

• In Bombay, Narayan Meghajee Lokhanday brought out an Anglo-Marathi weekly called *DinaBandhu *(Friend of the Poor) in 1880, and started the Bombay Mill and Millhands’ Association in 1890.

Hence, statement 3 is correct.

• Lokhanday held meetings of workers and in one instance sent a memorial signed by 5,500 mill workers, to the Bombay Factory Commission, putting forward some minimum workers’ demands.

• All these efforts were admittedly of a philanthropic nature and did not represent the beginnings of an organized working class movement.

• Moreover, these philanthropists did not belong to the mainstream of the contemporary national movement.

Solution: C

• In 1878, Sorabjee Shapoorji Bengalee tried unsuccessfully to introduce a Bill in the Bombay Legislative Council to limit the working hours for labour.

Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Hence, statement 2 is correct.

• In Bombay, Narayan Meghajee Lokhanday brought out an Anglo-Marathi weekly called *DinaBandhu *(Friend of the Poor) in 1880, and started the Bombay Mill and Millhands’ Association in 1890.

Hence, statement 3 is correct.

• Lokhanday held meetings of workers and in one instance sent a memorial signed by 5,500 mill workers, to the Bombay Factory Commission, putting forward some minimum workers’ demands.

• All these efforts were admittedly of a philanthropic nature and did not represent the beginnings of an organized working class movement.

• Moreover, these philanthropists did not belong to the mainstream of the contemporary national movement.

• Question 26 of 34 26. Question 1 points As per the “Dual system of government” introduced by Robert Clive the East India Company became liable only for revenue affairs of Bengal (Diwani) and Bihar while the administration and law and order was made a prerogative of the Nawab the civil servants of the East India Company were forbidden to participate in inland trade since they were responsible for collecting revenue Select the correct answer using the codes below. a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: a) Justification: Statement 1: S1 is not relevant for the issue; here is the context anyway. Having founded the Empire of British India, Clive (in office 1757-1760) sought to put in place a strong administration. The salaries of civil servants were increased, the acceptance of gifts from Indians was forbidden, and Clive exacted covenants under which participation in the inland trade was stopped. Unfortunately this had very little impact in reducing corruption, which remained widespread until the days of Warren Hastings. Clive’s military reforms were more effective. Statement 2: Clive was instrumental in making the company virtual master of North India by introducing his policy of “Dual system of government”. According to the new arrangement enforced by him, the company became liable only for revenue affairs of Bengal (Diwani) and Bihar while the administration and law and order was made a prerogative of the Nawab. An office of “Deputy Nawab” was created, who was at the helms of all the affairs vis a vis revenue of two of the richest province of India besides being company’s representative while the Nizamat (Law and order) remained in the hands of Nawab who appointed his own representative to deal with the company. This system proved to be detrimental for the administration of Bengal and ultimately the “Dual system of government” was abolished by Warren Hastings. Q Source: Ch 5: Spectrum: Modern India: Rajiv Ahir Incorrect Solution: a) Justification: Statement 1: S1 is not relevant for the issue; here is the context anyway. Having founded the Empire of British India, Clive (in office 1757-1760) sought to put in place a strong administration. The salaries of civil servants were increased, the acceptance of gifts from Indians was forbidden, and Clive exacted covenants under which participation in the inland trade was stopped. Unfortunately this had very little impact in reducing corruption, which remained widespread until the days of Warren Hastings. Clive’s military reforms were more effective. Statement 2: Clive was instrumental in making the company virtual master of North India by introducing his policy of “Dual system of government”. According to the new arrangement enforced by him, the company became liable only for revenue affairs of Bengal (Diwani) and Bihar while the administration and law and order was made a prerogative of the Nawab. An office of “Deputy Nawab” was created, who was at the helms of all the affairs vis a vis revenue of two of the richest province of India besides being company’s representative while the Nizamat (Law and order) remained in the hands of Nawab who appointed his own representative to deal with the company. This system proved to be detrimental for the administration of Bengal and ultimately the “Dual system of government” was abolished by Warren Hastings. Q Source: Ch 5: Spectrum: Modern India: Rajiv Ahir

#### 26. Question

As per the “Dual system of government” introduced by Robert Clive

• the East India Company became liable only for revenue affairs of Bengal (Diwani) and Bihar while the administration and law and order was made a prerogative of the Nawab

• the civil servants of the East India Company were forbidden to participate in inland trade since they were responsible for collecting revenue

Select the correct answer using the codes below.

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: a)

Justification: Statement 1: S1 is not relevant for the issue; here is the context anyway.

Having founded the Empire of British India, Clive (in office 1757-1760) sought to put in place a strong administration. The salaries of civil servants were increased, the acceptance of gifts from Indians was forbidden, and Clive exacted covenants under which participation in the inland trade was stopped. Unfortunately this had very little impact in reducing corruption, which remained widespread until the days of Warren Hastings. Clive’s military reforms were more effective.

Statement 2: Clive was instrumental in making the company virtual master of North India by introducing his policy of “Dual system of government”. According to the new arrangement enforced by him, the company became liable only for revenue affairs of Bengal (Diwani) and Bihar while the administration and law and order was made a prerogative of the Nawab. An office of “Deputy Nawab” was created, who was at the helms of all the affairs vis a vis revenue of two of the richest province of India besides being company’s representative while the Nizamat (Law and order) remained in the hands of Nawab who appointed his own representative to deal with the company. This system proved to be detrimental for the administration of Bengal and ultimately the “Dual system of government” was abolished by Warren Hastings.

Q Source: Ch 5: Spectrum: Modern India: Rajiv Ahir

Solution: a)

Justification: Statement 1: S1 is not relevant for the issue; here is the context anyway.

Q Source: Ch 5: Spectrum: Modern India: Rajiv Ahir

• Question 27 of 34 27. Question 1 points Consider the following regions. Guntur Palamu Vidarbha How many of the abovementioned regions witnessed forest satyagrahas by local tribals in the 1920s and 1930s? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: c) Justification: To protest against the tyranny of the empire, the concept of Forest satyagraha was launched by loknayak Bapuji Ane, which was supported by the Berar provincial congress war council. The Forest Satyagraha was started on 10th July 1930 at Pusad. The movement was given momentum by many new groups at different places, like Talegaon Reaction to these activities from British was stern and aggressive still people continue to join the Satyagraha. South and eastern India: Chenchu tribals in 1920s in Guntur district in AP and Karwars of Palamu in 1930s in Bihar protested against the increasing inroads of the British in the forests. Vidarbha: Common peasants of Vidarbha dependent mainly of forest produce, minor Forest lays etc. A sudden Change in British Policy of leaving tax on these forest produce hampered the prospects of the common people to a great extent. Q Source: Ch 6: Spectrum: Modern India: Rajiv Ahir Incorrect Solution: c) Justification: To protest against the tyranny of the empire, the concept of Forest satyagraha was launched by loknayak Bapuji Ane, which was supported by the Berar provincial congress war council. The Forest Satyagraha was started on 10th July 1930 at Pusad. The movement was given momentum by many new groups at different places, like Talegaon Reaction to these activities from British was stern and aggressive still people continue to join the Satyagraha. South and eastern India: Chenchu tribals in 1920s in Guntur district in AP and Karwars of Palamu in 1930s in Bihar protested against the increasing inroads of the British in the forests. Vidarbha: Common peasants of Vidarbha dependent mainly of forest produce, minor Forest lays etc. A sudden Change in British Policy of leaving tax on these forest produce hampered the prospects of the common people to a great extent. Q Source: Ch 6: Spectrum: Modern India: Rajiv Ahir

#### 27. Question

Consider the following regions.

How many of the abovementioned regions witnessed forest satyagrahas by local tribals in the 1920s and 1930s?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: c)

Justification: To protest against the tyranny of the empire, the concept of Forest satyagraha was launched by loknayak Bapuji Ane, which was supported by the Berar provincial congress war council. The Forest Satyagraha was started on 10th July 1930 at Pusad. The movement was given momentum by many new groups at different places, like Talegaon Reaction to these activities from British was stern and aggressive still people continue to join the Satyagraha.

South and eastern India: Chenchu tribals in 1920s in Guntur district in AP and Karwars of Palamu in 1930s in Bihar protested against the increasing inroads of the British in the forests.

Vidarbha: Common peasants of Vidarbha dependent mainly of forest produce, minor Forest lays etc. A sudden Change in British Policy of leaving tax on these forest produce hampered the prospects of the common people to a great extent.

Q Source: Ch 6: Spectrum: Modern India: Rajiv Ahir

Solution: c)

South and eastern India: Chenchu tribals in 1920s in Guntur district in AP and Karwars of Palamu in 1930s in Bihar protested against the increasing inroads of the British in the forests.

Q Source: Ch 6: Spectrum: Modern India: Rajiv Ahir

• Question 28 of 34 28. Question 1 points Consider the following statements. Sabarmati was the first Ashram established by M.K. Gandhi in India. Kochrab Ashram was used by M.K. Gandhiji as a pioneering centre for students of Gandhian ideas to practise Satyagraha, self-sufficiency and swadeshi. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: b) Justification: Kochrab was the first Ashram established by Gandhiji in India in 1915 CE, it was a pioneering centre for students of Gandhian ideas to practise Satyagraha, self-sufficiency, Swadeshi, work for the upliftment of the poor, women and untouchables, and public education and sanitation. Sabarmati Ashram was the residence of Mahatma Gandhi for over twelve years (1917-1930 CE) and laboratory for his social experiments, e.g. agriculture and literacy promotion. It was also from here that in 1930, Mahatma Gandhi started his Dandi March. This was not his first Ashram though. You can read about a lot of important Gandhian sites here. Q Source: Major leaders and their lives Incorrect Solution: b) Justification: Kochrab was the first Ashram established by Gandhiji in India in 1915 CE, it was a pioneering centre for students of Gandhian ideas to practise Satyagraha, self-sufficiency, Swadeshi, work for the upliftment of the poor, women and untouchables, and public education and sanitation. Sabarmati Ashram was the residence of Mahatma Gandhi for over twelve years (1917-1930 CE) and laboratory for his social experiments, e.g. agriculture and literacy promotion. It was also from here that in 1930, Mahatma Gandhi started his Dandi March. This was not his first Ashram though. You can read about a lot of important Gandhian sites here. Q Source: Major leaders and their lives

#### 28. Question

Consider the following statements.

• Sabarmati was the first Ashram established by M.K. Gandhi in India.

• Kochrab Ashram was used by M.K. Gandhiji as a pioneering centre for students of Gandhian ideas to practise Satyagraha, self-sufficiency and swadeshi.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: b)

Justification: Kochrab was the first Ashram established by Gandhiji in India in 1915 CE, it was a pioneering centre for students of Gandhian ideas to practise Satyagraha, self-sufficiency, Swadeshi, work for the upliftment of the poor, women and untouchables, and public education and sanitation.

Sabarmati Ashram was the residence of Mahatma Gandhi for over twelve years (1917-1930 CE) and laboratory for his social experiments, e.g. agriculture and literacy promotion.

It was also from here that in 1930, Mahatma Gandhi started his Dandi March.

This was not his first Ashram though. You can read about a lot of important Gandhian sites here.

Q Source: Major leaders and their lives

Solution: b)

Sabarmati Ashram was the residence of Mahatma Gandhi for over twelve years (1917-1930 CE) and laboratory for his social experiments, e.g. agriculture and literacy promotion.

It was also from here that in 1930, Mahatma Gandhi started his Dandi March.

This was not his first Ashram though. You can read about a lot of important Gandhian sites here.

Q Source: Major leaders and their lives

• Question 29 of 34 29. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about certain revolutionary organizations of the colonial period based out of India. Guran Ditt Kumar set up a Swadesh Sevak Home in Vancouver and brought out a newspaper called Swadesh Sevak which encouraged Indian troops to revolt against the British. Tarak Nath Das and Guran Ditt Kumar set up the United India House in Seattle in the United States of America, where they regularly lectured to a group of Indian labourers. Which of the statements above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: c) Justification: Several nationalists were residing in countries abroad, but the discriminatory policies of the host countries soon resulted in a flurry of political activity among Indian nationalists. As early as 1907, Ramnath Purl, a political exile on the West Coast, issued a Circular-e-Azadi (Circular of Liberty) in which he also pledged support to the Swadeshi Movement; Tarak Nath Das in Vancouver started the Free Hindustan and adopted a very militant nationalist tone. G.D. Kumar set up a Swadesh Sevak Home in Vancouver on the lines of the India House in London and also began to bring out a Gurmukhi paper called Swadesh Sevak which advocated social reform and also asked Indian troops to rise in revolt against the British. In 1910, Tarak Nath Das and G.D. Kumar, by now forced out of Vancouver, set up the United India House in Seattle in the US, where every Saturday they lectured to a group of twenty-five Indian labourers. Close links also developed between the United India House group, consisting mainly of radical nationalist students, and the Khalsa Diwan Society, and in 1913 they decided to send a deputation to meet the Colonial Secretary in London and the Viceroy and other officials in India. Q Source: Spectrum: Modern India Incorrect Solution: c) Justification: Several nationalists were residing in countries abroad, but the discriminatory policies of the host countries soon resulted in a flurry of political activity among Indian nationalists. As early as 1907, Ramnath Purl, a political exile on the West Coast, issued a Circular-e-Azadi (Circular of Liberty) in which he also pledged support to the Swadeshi Movement; Tarak Nath Das in Vancouver started the Free Hindustan and adopted a very militant nationalist tone. G.D. Kumar set up a Swadesh Sevak Home in Vancouver on the lines of the India House in London and also began to bring out a Gurmukhi paper called Swadesh Sevak which advocated social reform and also asked Indian troops to rise in revolt against the British. In 1910, Tarak Nath Das and G.D. Kumar, by now forced out of Vancouver, set up the United India House in Seattle in the US, where every Saturday they lectured to a group of twenty-five Indian labourers. Close links also developed between the United India House group, consisting mainly of radical nationalist students, and the Khalsa Diwan Society, and in 1913 they decided to send a deputation to meet the Colonial Secretary in London and the Viceroy and other officials in India. Q Source: Spectrum: Modern India

#### 29. Question

Consider the following statements about certain revolutionary organizations of the colonial period based out of India.

• Guran Ditt Kumar set up a Swadesh Sevak Home in Vancouver and brought out a newspaper called Swadesh Sevak which encouraged Indian troops to revolt against the British.

• Tarak Nath Das and Guran Ditt Kumar set up the United India House in Seattle in the United States of America, where they regularly lectured to a group of Indian labourers.

Which of the statements above is/are correct?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: c)

Justification: Several nationalists were residing in countries abroad, but the discriminatory policies of the host countries soon resulted in a flurry of political activity among Indian nationalists.

• As early as 1907, Ramnath Purl, a political exile on the West Coast, issued a Circular-e-Azadi (Circular of Liberty) in which he also pledged support to the Swadeshi Movement; Tarak Nath Das in Vancouver started the Free Hindustan and adopted a very militant nationalist tone.

• G.D. Kumar set up a Swadesh Sevak Home in Vancouver on the lines of the India House in London and also began to bring out a Gurmukhi paper called Swadesh Sevak which advocated social reform and also asked Indian troops to rise in revolt against the British.

• In 1910, Tarak Nath Das and G.D. Kumar, by now forced out of Vancouver, set up the United India House in Seattle in the US, where every Saturday they lectured to a group of twenty-five Indian labourers.

• Close links also developed between the United India House group, consisting mainly of radical nationalist students, and the Khalsa Diwan Society, and in 1913 they decided to send a deputation to meet the Colonial Secretary in London and the Viceroy and other officials in India.

Q Source: Spectrum: Modern India

Solution: c)

Q Source: Spectrum: Modern India

• Question 30 of 34 30. Question 1 points Which of the following align with the philosophy of Shri Aurobindo Ghosh? World is an illusion or maya. Evolution has no purpose. The task of understanding the nature of reality is futile, whether in the short-term or long-term. How many of the statements above is/are correct a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: d) Justification: Sri Aurobindo argues that divine Brahman manifests as empirical reality through leela, or divine play. Instead of positing that the world we experience is an illusion (maya), Sri Aurobindo argues that world can evolve and become a new world with new species, far above the human species just as human species have evolved after the animal species. Sri Aurobindo believed that Darwinism merely describes a phenomenon of the evolution of matter into life, but does not explain the reason behind it, while he finds life to be already present in matter, because all of existence is a manifestation of Brahman. He argues that nature (which he interpreted as divine) has evolved life out of matter and then mind out of life. All of existence, he argues, is attempting to manifest to the level of the supermind – that evolution had a purpose. He stated that he found the task of understanding the nature of reality arduous and difficult to justify by immediate tangible results Q Source: Major thinkers: Modern India Incorrect Solution: d) Justification: Sri Aurobindo argues that divine Brahman manifests as empirical reality through leela, or divine play. Instead of positing that the world we experience is an illusion (maya), Sri Aurobindo argues that world can evolve and become a new world with new species, far above the human species just as human species have evolved after the animal species. Sri Aurobindo believed that Darwinism merely describes a phenomenon of the evolution of matter into life, but does not explain the reason behind it, while he finds life to be already present in matter, because all of existence is a manifestation of Brahman. He argues that nature (which he interpreted as divine) has evolved life out of matter and then mind out of life. All of existence, he argues, is attempting to manifest to the level of the supermind – that evolution had a purpose. He stated that he found the task of understanding the nature of reality arduous and difficult to justify by immediate tangible results Q Source: Major thinkers: Modern India

#### 30. Question

Which of the following align with the philosophy of Shri Aurobindo Ghosh?

• World is an illusion or maya.

• Evolution has no purpose.

• The task of understanding the nature of reality is futile, whether in the short-term or long-term.

How many of the statements above is/are correct

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: d)

Justification: Sri Aurobindo argues that divine Brahman manifests as empirical reality through leela, or divine play.

Instead of positing that the world we experience is an illusion (maya), Sri Aurobindo argues that world can evolve and become a new world with new species, far above the human species just as human species have evolved after the animal species.

Sri Aurobindo believed that Darwinism merely describes a phenomenon of the evolution of matter into life, but does not explain the reason behind it, while he finds life to be already present in matter, because all of existence is a manifestation of Brahman.

• He argues that nature (which he interpreted as divine) has evolved life out of matter and then mind out of life.

• All of existence, he argues, is attempting to manifest to the level of the supermind – that evolution had a purpose.

• He stated that he found the task of understanding the nature of reality arduous and difficult to justify by immediate tangible results

Q Source: Major thinkers: Modern India

Solution: d)

Justification: Sri Aurobindo argues that divine Brahman manifests as empirical reality through leela, or divine play.

• He argues that nature (which he interpreted as divine) has evolved life out of matter and then mind out of life.

• All of existence, he argues, is attempting to manifest to the level of the supermind – that evolution had a purpose.

• He stated that he found the task of understanding the nature of reality arduous and difficult to justify by immediate tangible results

Q Source: Major thinkers: Modern India

• Question 31 of 34 31. Question 1 points The demand for death penalty for sexual crimes stems primarily from a society’s desire for revenge, not redress. A growing body of literature now emphasizes that the death penalty is not a deterrent against any kind of crime, in fact it might aggravate the problem. Better policing, social welfare and effective implementation of the due processes are better suited to address the problem of rape Which of the following statement is the most logical and critical corollary to the above passage? A. Ending patriarchy is the most effective way to deal with rape B. Causes of rape is highly misunderstood in India which leads us to make inefficient legislations to deal with the problem C. Introducing death penalty for offenses under POCSO Act will serve no purpose D. Death penalty is an anachronistic practice and needs to be abolished for it does not serve any purpose Correct Correct Answer : C Answer Justification : A and B are not in line with the central idea being talked about in the passage. C and D are correct as per the passage. However, D is the inference of the above passage whereas C is the corollary. Incorrect Correct Answer : C Answer Justification : A and B are not in line with the central idea being talked about in the passage. C and D are correct as per the passage. However, D is the inference of the above passage whereas C is the corollary.

#### 31. Question

The demand for death penalty for sexual crimes stems primarily from a society’s desire for revenge, not redress. A growing body of literature now emphasizes that the death penalty is not a deterrent against any kind of crime, in fact it might aggravate the problem. Better policing, social welfare and effective implementation of the due processes are better suited to address the problem of rape

Which of the following statement is the most logical and critical corollary to the above passage?

• A. Ending patriarchy is the most effective way to deal with rape

• B. Causes of rape is highly misunderstood in India which leads us to make inefficient legislations to deal with the problem

• C. Introducing death penalty for offenses under POCSO Act will serve no purpose

• D. Death penalty is an anachronistic practice and needs to be abolished for it does not serve any purpose

Correct Answer : C

Answer Justification :

A and B are not in line with the central idea being talked about in the passage. C and D are correct as per the passage. However, D is the inference of the above passage whereas C is the corollary.

Correct Answer : C

Answer Justification :

A and B are not in line with the central idea being talked about in the passage. C and D are correct as per the passage. However, D is the inference of the above passage whereas C is the corollary.

• Question 32 of 34 32. Question 1 points In a library, 20% of the books are in in French. 50% of the remaining books are in Mandarin. The remaining 900 books are in various other languages. What is the number of books which are in Mandarin? a) 1125 b) 450 c) 900 d) 1800 Correct Solution: C) 900 Explanation: The number of books is 100%. Therefore, the number of French books = 20% of total books The remaining books = 80% of total books The number of books in Mandarin language is 50% of 80% i.e. 40%. The number of books in various other languages = 100% – 20% – 40% = 40% So, percentage of books in Mandarin is equal to the percentage of books in other languages i.e. 900. Incorrect Solution: C) 900 Explanation: The number of books is 100%. Therefore, the number of French books = 20% of total books The remaining books = 80% of total books The number of books in Mandarin language is 50% of 80% i.e. 40%. The number of books in various other languages = 100% – 20% – 40% = 40% So, percentage of books in Mandarin is equal to the percentage of books in other languages i.e. 900.

#### 32. Question

In a library, 20% of the books are in in French. 50% of the remaining books are in Mandarin. The remaining 900 books are in various other languages. What is the number of books which are in Mandarin?

Solution: C) 900

Explanation:

The number of books is 100%.

Therefore, the number of French books = 20% of total books

The remaining books = 80% of total books

The number of books in Mandarin language is 50% of 80% i.e. 40%.

The number of books in various other languages = 100% – 20% – 40% = 40%

So, percentage of books in Mandarin is equal to the percentage of books in other languages i.e. 900.

Solution: C) 900

Explanation:

The number of books is 100%.

Therefore, the number of French books = 20% of total books

The remaining books = 80% of total books

The number of books in Mandarin language is 50% of 80% i.e. 40%.

The number of books in various other languages = 100% – 20% – 40% = 40%

So, percentage of books in Mandarin is equal to the percentage of books in other languages i.e. 900.

• Question 33 of 34 33. Question 1 points An analogue clock is showing 09:20. After how much time will the clock show its mirror image? a) 5 hours 20 minutes b) 6 hours 40 minutes c) 5 hours 40 minutes d) 6 hours 20 minutes Correct Solution: A) 5 hours 20 minutes Explanation: For mirror image, we have to take 12:00 or 6:00 as reference time as their mirror images are same as the real image. 09:20 is 2 hours 40 minutes before 12:00. Therefore, the mirror image of this will be 2 hours 40 minutes after 12:00 i.e. 02:40. Therefore, from 09:20 to 02:40, there is a time gap of 5 hours 20 minutes. Incorrect Solution: A) 5 hours 20 minutes Explanation: For mirror image, we have to take 12:00 or 6:00 as reference time as their mirror images are same as the real image. 09:20 is 2 hours 40 minutes before 12:00. Therefore, the mirror image of this will be 2 hours 40 minutes after 12:00 i.e. 02:40. Therefore, from 09:20 to 02:40, there is a time gap of 5 hours 20 minutes.

#### 33. Question

An analogue clock is showing 09:20. After how much time will the clock show its mirror image?

• a) 5 hours 20 minutes

• b) 6 hours 40 minutes

• c) 5 hours 40 minutes

• d) 6 hours 20 minutes

Solution: A) 5 hours 20 minutes

Explanation:

For mirror image, we have to take 12:00 or 6:00 as reference time as their mirror images are same as the real image.

09:20 is 2 hours 40 minutes before 12:00.

Therefore, the mirror image of this will be 2 hours 40 minutes after 12:00 i.e. 02:40.

Therefore, from 09:20 to 02:40, there is a time gap of 5 hours 20 minutes.

Solution: A) 5 hours 20 minutes

Explanation:

For mirror image, we have to take 12:00 or 6:00 as reference time as their mirror images are same as the real image.

09:20 is 2 hours 40 minutes before 12:00.

Therefore, the mirror image of this will be 2 hours 40 minutes after 12:00 i.e. 02:40.

Therefore, from 09:20 to 02:40, there is a time gap of 5 hours 20 minutes.

• Question 34 of 34 34. Question 1 points There are four members p1, p2, p3 and p4 partners in the business. What is the profit share of p2? Statement I: p1 and p2 started the business with investment of Rs.x and Rs.2x respectively and after 6 months p3 and p4 joined them with investment of Rs.(x + 1000) and Rs.3x respectively. Statement II: At the end of one years and profit Share of p3 is Rs.4000. Statement III: At the end of one year the profit ratio of p3 and p4 is 2:3. a) Only I and II are sufficient b) Only II and III are sufficient c) All I, II and III necessary to the answer the question d) The question can’t be answered even with all I, II and III Correct Option C) All I, II and III necessary to the answer the question From statement I, p1= x p2 = 2x p3= (x + 1000) p4 = 3x So, Statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question From Statement II, p3’s share = Rs.4000 So, Statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question From statement III, Profit ratio of p3/p4 = 2/3 So, Statement III alone is not sufficient to answer the question From I, II and III Profit ratio of p1, p2, p3 and p4 = x 12: 2x 12: (x + 1000) 6: 3x 6 =12x: 24x: (6x + 6000): 18x (6x + 6000)/18x = 2/3 6x + 6000 = 12x x = 1000 Profit ratio = 12000: 24000: 12000: 18000 = 2: 4: 2: 3 p2’s profit share = 4/2 4000 = 8000 All the statements are necessary to answer the question. Incorrect Option C) All I, II and III necessary to the answer the question From statement I, p1= x p2 = 2x p3= (x + 1000) p4 = 3x So, Statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question From Statement II, p3’s share = Rs.4000 So, Statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question From statement III, Profit ratio of p3/p4 = 2/3 So, Statement III alone is not sufficient to answer the question From I, II and III Profit ratio of p1, p2, p3 and p4 = x 12: 2x 12: (x + 1000) 6: 3x 6 =12x: 24x: (6x + 6000): 18x (6x + 6000)/18x = 2/3 6x + 6000 = 12x x = 1000 Profit ratio = 12000: 24000: 12000: 18000 = 2: 4: 2: 3 p2’s profit share = 4/2 4000 = 8000 All the statements are necessary to answer the question.

#### 34. Question

There are four members p1, p2, p3 and p4 partners in the business. What is the profit share of p2?

Statement I: p1 and p2 started the business with investment of Rs.x and Rs.2x respectively and after 6 months p3 and p4 joined them with investment of Rs.(x + 1000) and Rs.3x respectively.

Statement II: At the end of one years and profit Share of p3 is Rs.4000.

Statement III: At the end of one year the profit ratio of p3 and p4 is 2:3.

• a) Only I and II are sufficient

• b) Only II and III are sufficient

• c) All I, II and III necessary to the answer the question

• d) The question can’t be answered even with all I, II and III

Option C) All I, II and III necessary to the answer the question

From statement I,

p3= (x + 1000)

So, Statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question

From Statement II,

p3’s share = Rs.4000

So, Statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question

From statement III,

Profit ratio of p3/p4 = 2/3

So, Statement III alone is not sufficient to answer the question

From I, II and III

Profit ratio of p1, p2, p3 and p4 = x 12: 2x 12: (x + 1000) 6: 3x 6

=12x: 24x: (6x + 6000): 18x

(6x + 6000)/18x = 2/3

6x + 6000 = 12x

Profit ratio = 12000: 24000: 12000: 18000

= 2: 4: 2: 3

p2’s profit share = 4/2 * 4000 = 8000

All the statements are necessary to answer the question.

Option C) All I, II and III necessary to the answer the question

From statement I,

p3= (x + 1000)

So, Statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question

From Statement II,

p3’s share = Rs.4000

So, Statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question

From statement III,

Profit ratio of p3/p4 = 2/3

So, Statement III alone is not sufficient to answer the question

From I, II and III

Profit ratio of p1, p2, p3 and p4 = x 12: 2x 12: (x + 1000) 6: 3x 6

=12x: 24x: (6x + 6000): 18x

(6x + 6000)/18x = 2/3

6x + 6000 = 12x

Profit ratio = 12000: 24000: 12000: 18000

= 2: 4: 2: 3

p2’s profit share = 4/2 * 4000 = 8000

All the statements are necessary to answer the question.

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