DAY – 51 Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2024: Topic – ENVIRONMENT & ECOLOGY and AGRICULTURE, Subject-wise Test 31, 32 and September 2023 CA

INSTA 75 Days REVISION PLAN 2024

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• Question 1 of 30 1. Question 1 points How many of the following global environmental conventions and treaties have been signed by India? United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification Minamata Convention on Mercury Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals Select the correct answer using the codes given below: a) Only one b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: D India is a signatory to major global environmental conventions and treaties including, inter alia, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, Convention on Biological Diversity, Paris Agreement, Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, Minamata Convention on Mercury, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, etc. Incorrect Solution: D India is a signatory to major global environmental conventions and treaties including, inter alia, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, Convention on Biological Diversity, Paris Agreement, Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, Minamata Convention on Mercury, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, etc.

#### 1. Question

How many of the following global environmental conventions and treaties have been signed by India?

• United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

• Minamata Convention on Mercury

• Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

• Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: D

India is a signatory to major global environmental conventions and treaties including, inter alia,

• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,

• United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification,

• Convention on Biological Diversity, Paris Agreement,

• Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer,

• Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants,

• Minamata Convention on Mercury,

• Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora,

• Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, etc.

Solution: D

India is a signatory to major global environmental conventions and treaties including, inter alia,

• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,

• United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification,

• Convention on Biological Diversity, Paris Agreement,

• Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer,

• Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants,

• Minamata Convention on Mercury,

• Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora,

• Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, etc.

• Question 2 of 30 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: The Biodiversity Finance Initiative (BIOFIN) was launched by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) India officially launched the BIOFIN India project at the CoP 11 to the CBD in Hyderabad Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: B Available evidence and the decisions adopted by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) indicate that a significant gap remains in finance for biodiversity management, for countries to drastically scale up their efforts and achieve the 20 Aichi Targets defined in the CBD’s Strategic Plan for 2011-2020.. The Biodiversity Finance Initiative (BIOFIN) In this context, UNDP in October 2012 launched the Biodiversity Finance Initiative – BIOFIN, as a new global partnership seeking to address the biodiversity finance challenge in a comprehensive manner – building a sound business case for increased investment in the management of ecosystems and biodiversity, with a particular focus on the needs and transformational opportunities at the national level. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. BIOFIN aims to develop a methodology for quantifying the biodiversity finance gap at national level, for improving cost-effectiveness through mainstreaming of biodiversity into national development and sectoral planning, and for developing comprehensive national resource mobilizing strategies. BIOFIN thus hopes to provide a framework for undertaking ‘bottom-up’ analyses of the biodiversity finance gap and resource mobilization strategies, through a transformative process led by national stakeholders. OBJECTIVES: BIOFIN provides a systematic and flexible approach to identify and mobilize the financial resources needed for implementing the National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP) and making progress towards achieving the National Biodiversity Targets (NBTs). Through implementation of BIOFIN, it is expected to further enhance awareness and sensitization about significance of biodiversity in development sectors, thereby, inter alia leveraging existing resources to contribute more towards biodiversity, and reducing the financial gap in achieving the NBTs. BIOFIN INDIA India’s National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP), formulated through a comprehensive inter-ministerial process and approved by the Union Cabinet in 2008, was developed prior to CBD’s Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. India’s Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change along with UNDP officially launched the BIOFIN India project at the CoP 11 to the CBD in Hyderabad, on the International Biodiversity Day, 22nd May 2015. Hence, statement 2 is correct. BIOFIN is led by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). The initiative is hosted by the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), working with two State Biodiversity Boards, with technical assistance from Wildlife Institute of India (WII) and the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP). UNDP India manages the programme under the guidance of MoEFCC. A Steering Committee and a Technical Advisory Group has been constituted for providing technical guidance. Incorrect Solution: B Available evidence and the decisions adopted by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) indicate that a significant gap remains in finance for biodiversity management, for countries to drastically scale up their efforts and achieve the 20 Aichi Targets defined in the CBD’s Strategic Plan for 2011-2020.. The Biodiversity Finance Initiative (BIOFIN) In this context, UNDP in October 2012 launched the Biodiversity Finance Initiative – BIOFIN, as a new global partnership seeking to address the biodiversity finance challenge in a comprehensive manner – building a sound business case for increased investment in the management of ecosystems and biodiversity, with a particular focus on the needs and transformational opportunities at the national level. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. BIOFIN aims to develop a methodology for quantifying the biodiversity finance gap at national level, for improving cost-effectiveness through mainstreaming of biodiversity into national development and sectoral planning, and for developing comprehensive national resource mobilizing strategies. BIOFIN thus hopes to provide a framework for undertaking ‘bottom-up’ analyses of the biodiversity finance gap and resource mobilization strategies, through a transformative process led by national stakeholders. OBJECTIVES: BIOFIN provides a systematic and flexible approach to identify and mobilize the financial resources needed for implementing the National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP) and making progress towards achieving the National Biodiversity Targets (NBTs). Through implementation of BIOFIN, it is expected to further enhance awareness and sensitization about significance of biodiversity in development sectors, thereby, inter alia leveraging existing resources to contribute more towards biodiversity, and reducing the financial gap in achieving the NBTs. BIOFIN INDIA India’s National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP), formulated through a comprehensive inter-ministerial process and approved by the Union Cabinet in 2008, was developed prior to CBD’s Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. India’s Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change along with UNDP officially launched the BIOFIN India project at the CoP 11 to the CBD in Hyderabad, on the International Biodiversity Day, 22nd May 2015. Hence, statement 2 is correct. BIOFIN is led by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). The initiative is hosted by the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), working with two State Biodiversity Boards, with technical assistance from Wildlife Institute of India (WII) and the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP). UNDP India manages the programme under the guidance of MoEFCC. A Steering Committee and a Technical Advisory Group has been constituted for providing technical guidance.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements:

• The Biodiversity Finance Initiative (BIOFIN) was launched by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

• India officially launched the BIOFIN India project at the CoP 11 to the CBD in Hyderabad

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: B

Available evidence and the decisions adopted by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) indicate that a significant gap remains in finance for biodiversity management, for countries to drastically scale up their efforts and achieve the 20 Aichi Targets defined in the CBD’s Strategic Plan for 2011-2020..

The Biodiversity Finance Initiative (BIOFIN)

• In this context, UNDP in October 2012 launched the Biodiversity Finance Initiative – BIOFIN, as a new global partnership seeking to address the biodiversity finance challenge in a comprehensive manner – building a sound business case for increased investment in the management of ecosystems and biodiversity, with a particular focus on the needs and transformational opportunities at the national level.

Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

BIOFIN aims to develop a methodology for quantifying the biodiversity finance gap at national level, for improving cost-effectiveness through mainstreaming of biodiversity into national development and sectoral planning, and for developing comprehensive national resource mobilizing strategies.

BIOFIN thus hopes to provide a framework for undertaking ‘bottom-up’ analyses of the biodiversity finance gap and resource mobilization strategies, through a transformative process led by national stakeholders.

OBJECTIVES:

• BIOFIN provides a systematic and flexible approach to identify and mobilize the financial resources needed for implementing the National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP) and making progress towards achieving the National Biodiversity Targets (NBTs).

• Through implementation of BIOFIN, it is expected to further enhance awareness and sensitization about significance of biodiversity in development sectors, thereby, inter alia leveraging existing resources to contribute more towards biodiversity, and reducing the financial gap in achieving the NBTs.

BIOFIN INDIA

• India’s National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP), formulated through a comprehensive inter-ministerial process and approved by the Union Cabinet in 2008, was developed prior to CBD’s Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets.

• India’s Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change along with UNDP officially launched the BIOFIN India project at the CoP 11 to the CBD in Hyderabad, on the International Biodiversity Day, 22nd May 2015. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

• BIOFIN is led by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). The initiative is hosted by the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), working with two State Biodiversity Boards, with technical assistance from Wildlife Institute of India (WII) and the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP).

• UNDP India manages the programme under the guidance of MoEFCC. A Steering Committee and a Technical Advisory Group has been constituted for providing technical guidance.

Solution: B

The Biodiversity Finance Initiative (BIOFIN)

Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

OBJECTIVES:

BIOFIN INDIA

• UNDP India manages the programme under the guidance of MoEFCC. A Steering Committee and a Technical Advisory Group has been constituted for providing technical guidance.

• Question 3 of 30 3. Question 1 points How many of the following species is/are covered under the Endangered Species Recovery Programs of the Wildlife Institute of India (WII)? Asiatic Lion Dugong Irrawaddy Dolphin Manipuri Deer- Sangai Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: B Rapidly growing anthropogenic pressures and incompatible land uses outside protected areas threatens the ecological integrity of broader land- and seascapes. Realizing the need of immediate conservation efforts to reverse the declining trend of several terrestrial and marine species, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) entrusted Wildlife Institute of India (WII) to develop guidelines for species conservation action plans. Subsequently in 2015, the MoEFCC tasked WII to prepare Endangered Species Recovery Plans (ESRP) for identified nationally and globally important species such as Great Indian Bustard, Manipuri Deer- Sangai, Gangetic Dolphin and Dugong. The MoEFCC has funded this program for an initial period of five years under the National Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Advisory Council. Incorrect Solution: B Rapidly growing anthropogenic pressures and incompatible land uses outside protected areas threatens the ecological integrity of broader land- and seascapes. Realizing the need of immediate conservation efforts to reverse the declining trend of several terrestrial and marine species, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) entrusted Wildlife Institute of India (WII) to develop guidelines for species conservation action plans. Subsequently in 2015, the MoEFCC tasked WII to prepare Endangered Species Recovery Plans (ESRP) for identified nationally and globally important species such as Great Indian Bustard, Manipuri Deer- Sangai, Gangetic Dolphin and Dugong. The MoEFCC has funded this program for an initial period of five years under the National Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Advisory Council.

#### 3. Question

How many of the following species is/are covered under the Endangered Species Recovery Programs of the Wildlife Institute of India (WII)?

• Asiatic Lion

• Irrawaddy Dolphin

• Manipuri Deer- Sangai

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: B

• Rapidly growing anthropogenic pressures and incompatible land uses outside protected areas threatens the ecological integrity of broader land- and seascapes.

• Realizing the need of immediate conservation efforts to reverse the declining trend of several terrestrial and marine species, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) entrusted Wildlife Institute of India (WII) to develop guidelines for species conservation action plans.

• Subsequently in 2015, the MoEFCC tasked WII to prepare Endangered Species Recovery Plans (ESRP) for identified nationally and globally important species such as Great Indian Bustard, Manipuri Deer- Sangai, Gangetic Dolphin and Dugong.

• The MoEFCC has funded this program for an initial period of five years under the National Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Advisory Council.

Solution: B

• Rapidly growing anthropogenic pressures and incompatible land uses outside protected areas threatens the ecological integrity of broader land- and seascapes.

• The MoEFCC has funded this program for an initial period of five years under the National Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Advisory Council.

• Question 4 of 30 4. Question 1 points Which of the following statements correctly describes the “Paris Rule Book”? (a) It includes rules governing the ethical use of biotechnology in global health. (b) It is the procedures for implementation of the Paris Agreement regarding climate change. (c) It contains regulations for global standards in renewable energy technologies. (d) It outlines international guidelines for sustainable urban development. Correct Solution: B The “Paris Rule Book” is pivotal for the practical application of the Paris Agreement. It ensures that all participating countries adhere to a common standard for measuring, reporting, and verifying their efforts in combating climate change. This transparency mechanism is essential for assessing progress towards global climate targets and for facilitating international cooperation on environmental challenges. Incorrect Solution: B The “Paris Rule Book” is pivotal for the practical application of the Paris Agreement. It ensures that all participating countries adhere to a common standard for measuring, reporting, and verifying their efforts in combating climate change. This transparency mechanism is essential for assessing progress towards global climate targets and for facilitating international cooperation on environmental challenges.

#### 4. Question

Which of the following statements correctly describes the “Paris Rule Book”?

• (a) It includes rules governing the ethical use of biotechnology in global health.

• (b) It is the procedures for implementation of the Paris Agreement regarding climate change.

• (c) It contains regulations for global standards in renewable energy technologies.

• (d) It outlines international guidelines for sustainable urban development.

Solution: B

The “Paris Rule Book” is pivotal for the practical application of the Paris Agreement. It ensures that all participating countries adhere to a common standard for measuring, reporting, and verifying their efforts in combating climate change. This transparency mechanism is essential for assessing progress towards global climate targets and for facilitating international cooperation on environmental challenges.

Solution: B

• Question 5 of 30 5. Question 1 points The Glasgow Climate Pact, agreed upon at COP26, primarily aims to: (a) Reduce the use of single-use plastics globally by 2030. (b) Achieve global net-zero carbon emissions by mid-century. (c) Implement a global tax on carbon emissions. (d) Promote the use of nuclear energy as a green alternative. Correct Solution: B The Glasgow Climate Pact, established during COP26 in Glasgow, focuses on accelerating efforts towards achieving global net-zero carbon emissions by around mid-century. This pact emphasizes the urgency of enhanced action and cooperation to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, in line with the Paris Agreement goals. Incorrect Solution: B The Glasgow Climate Pact, established during COP26 in Glasgow, focuses on accelerating efforts towards achieving global net-zero carbon emissions by around mid-century. This pact emphasizes the urgency of enhanced action and cooperation to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, in line with the Paris Agreement goals.

#### 5. Question

The Glasgow Climate Pact, agreed upon at COP26, primarily aims to:

• (a) Reduce the use of single-use plastics globally by 2030.

• (b) Achieve global net-zero carbon emissions by mid-century.

• (c) Implement a global tax on carbon emissions.

• (d) Promote the use of nuclear energy as a green alternative.

Solution: B

The Glasgow Climate Pact, established during COP26 in Glasgow, focuses on accelerating efforts towards achieving global net-zero carbon emissions by around mid-century. This pact emphasizes the urgency of enhanced action and cooperation to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, in line with the Paris Agreement goals.

Solution: B

• Question 6 of 30 6. Question 1 points The Global Methane Pledge, initiated in 2021, commits to: (a) Increasing methane emissions in the agriculture sector by 10%. (b) Reducing global methane emissions by at least 30% from 2020 levels by 2030. (c) Banning the extraction and use of natural gas. (d) Developing methane capture technology in landfills only. Correct Solution: B The Global Methane Pledge is an international commitment made by over 100 countries to collectively reduce methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas, by at least 30% from 2020 levels by 2030. This pledge recognizes the critical role that reducing methane emissions plays in immediately slowing global warming and improving air quality. Incorrect Solution: B The Global Methane Pledge is an international commitment made by over 100 countries to collectively reduce methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas, by at least 30% from 2020 levels by 2030. This pledge recognizes the critical role that reducing methane emissions plays in immediately slowing global warming and improving air quality.

#### 6. Question

The Global Methane Pledge, initiated in 2021, commits to:

• (a) Increasing methane emissions in the agriculture sector by 10%.

• (b) Reducing global methane emissions by at least 30% from 2020 levels by 2030.

• (c) Banning the extraction and use of natural gas.

• (d) Developing methane capture technology in landfills only.

Solution: B

The Global Methane Pledge is an international commitment made by over 100 countries to collectively reduce methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas, by at least 30% from 2020 levels by 2030. This pledge recognizes the critical role that reducing methane emissions plays in immediately slowing global warming and improving air quality.

Solution: B

• Question 7 of 30 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Blue Dot Network: It is an initiative to promote sustainable infrastructure development across the Indo-Pacific region. The Blue Dot Network is led by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: A The Blue Dot Network, initiated by the United States along with other democratic partners, aims to provide a globally recognized certification for quality infrastructure development, which is sustainable, transparent, and environmentally friendly. However, it is not led by the UNDP but rather a consortium of global partners, including the U.S., Australia, and Japan. Incorrect Solution: A The Blue Dot Network, initiated by the United States along with other democratic partners, aims to provide a globally recognized certification for quality infrastructure development, which is sustainable, transparent, and environmentally friendly. However, it is not led by the UNDP but rather a consortium of global partners, including the U.S., Australia, and Japan.

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements about the Blue Dot Network:

• It is an initiative to promote sustainable infrastructure development across the Indo-Pacific region.

• The Blue Dot Network is led by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: A

The Blue Dot Network, initiated by the United States along with other democratic partners, aims to provide a globally recognized certification for quality infrastructure development, which is sustainable, transparent, and environmentally friendly. However, it is not led by the UNDP but rather a consortium of global partners, including the U.S., Australia, and Japan.

Solution: A

• Question 8 of 30 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Bonn Challenge: It is a global effort to restore 150 million hectares of the world’s deforested and degraded land by 2020 and 350 million hectares by 2030. The challenge was launched by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in collaboration with the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: A The Bonn Challenge is indeed a global effort to restore 150 million hectares of deforested and degraded land by 2020 and 350 million hectares by 2030. However, it was launched by the government of Germany and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), not in collaboration with the WWF. Incorrect Solution: A The Bonn Challenge is indeed a global effort to restore 150 million hectares of deforested and degraded land by 2020 and 350 million hectares by 2030. However, it was launched by the government of Germany and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), not in collaboration with the WWF.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements about the Bonn Challenge:

• It is a global effort to restore 150 million hectares of the world’s deforested and degraded land by 2020 and 350 million hectares by 2030.

• The challenge was launched by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in collaboration with the World Wildlife Fund (WWF).

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: A

The Bonn Challenge is indeed a global effort to restore 150 million hectares of deforested and degraded land by 2020 and 350 million hectares by 2030. However, it was launched by the government of Germany and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), not in collaboration with the WWF.

Solution: A

• Question 9 of 30 9. Question 1 points Which of the following organizations launched the Trillion Trees Program to combat global deforestation? World Economic Forum United Nations Environment Programme World Wide Fund for Nature Select the correct answer using the codes given below: a) Only one b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: C The Trillion Trees Program is a collaborative project involving the World Economic Forum, the United Nations Environment Programme, and the World Wide Fund for Nature. This ambitious initiative aims to inspire and support the planting of a trillion trees worldwide as a means of restoring degraded land, enhancing biodiversity, and fighting climate change. Incorrect Solution: C The Trillion Trees Program is a collaborative project involving the World Economic Forum, the United Nations Environment Programme, and the World Wide Fund for Nature. This ambitious initiative aims to inspire and support the planting of a trillion trees worldwide as a means of restoring degraded land, enhancing biodiversity, and fighting climate change.

#### 9. Question

Which of the following organizations launched the Trillion Trees Program to combat global deforestation?

• World Economic Forum

• United Nations Environment Programme

• World Wide Fund for Nature

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: C

The Trillion Trees Program is a collaborative project involving the World Economic Forum, the United Nations Environment Programme, and the World Wide Fund for Nature. This ambitious initiative aims to inspire and support the planting of a trillion trees worldwide as a means of restoring degraded land, enhancing biodiversity, and fighting climate change.

Solution: C

• Question 10 of 30 10. Question 1 points The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, agreed upon in 2022, is designed to: (a) Phase out coal-fired power plants worldwide by 2040. (b) Protect at least 30% of the world's land and oceans by 2030. (c) Establish a new international body to enforce deforestation laws. (d) Promote industrial agriculture to ensure global food security. Correct Solution: B The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework was adopted to address the alarming loss of biodiversity and to ensure nature’s sustainable use by protecting at least 30% of the world’s land and oceans by 2030. This ambitious target is part of a broader strategy to halt and reverse the degradation of ecosystems and safeguard biodiversity, which is crucial for human well-being and sustainable development. Incorrect Solution: B The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework was adopted to address the alarming loss of biodiversity and to ensure nature’s sustainable use by protecting at least 30% of the world’s land and oceans by 2030. This ambitious target is part of a broader strategy to halt and reverse the degradation of ecosystems and safeguard biodiversity, which is crucial for human well-being and sustainable development.

#### 10. Question

The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, agreed upon in 2022, is designed to:

• (a) Phase out coal-fired power plants worldwide by 2040.

• (b) Protect at least 30% of the world's land and oceans by 2030.

• (c) Establish a new international body to enforce deforestation laws.

• (d) Promote industrial agriculture to ensure global food security.

Solution: B

The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework was adopted to address the alarming loss of biodiversity and to ensure nature’s sustainable use by protecting at least 30% of the world’s land and oceans by 2030. This ambitious target is part of a broader strategy to halt and reverse the degradation of ecosystems and safeguard biodiversity, which is crucial for human well-being and sustainable development.

Solution: B

• Question 11 of 30 11. Question 1 points Which initiative aims to phase out coal-fired power plants to reduce global warming? (a) The Powering Past Coal Alliance (b) The Renewable Energy Initiative (c) The Global Cooling Prize (d) The Solar Power Enhancement Program Correct Solution: A The Powering Past Coal Alliance is an initiative led by the UK and Canada that brings together a multitude of governments and businesses committed to accelerating the phase-out of unabated coal power. The primary goal is to reduce carbon emissions from coal, one of the dirtiest forms of energy production, and to transition to cleaner energy alternatives. Incorrect Solution: A The Powering Past Coal Alliance is an initiative led by the UK and Canada that brings together a multitude of governments and businesses committed to accelerating the phase-out of unabated coal power. The primary goal is to reduce carbon emissions from coal, one of the dirtiest forms of energy production, and to transition to cleaner energy alternatives.

#### 11. Question

Which initiative aims to phase out coal-fired power plants to reduce global warming?

• (a) The Powering Past Coal Alliance

• (b) The Renewable Energy Initiative

• (c) The Global Cooling Prize

• (d) The Solar Power Enhancement Program

Solution: A

The Powering Past Coal Alliance is an initiative led by the UK and Canada that brings together a multitude of governments and businesses committed to accelerating the phase-out of unabated coal power. The primary goal is to reduce carbon emissions from coal, one of the dirtiest forms of energy production, and to transition to cleaner energy alternatives.

Solution: A

• Question 12 of 30 12. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Global Environment Facility (GEF): It acts as a financial mechanism for the Convention on Biological Diversity. It solely supports projects in Asia and Latin America. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: A The Global Environment Facility (GEF) does act as a financial mechanism for several conventions, including the Convention on Biological Diversity, where it provides funding for projects aimed at protecting biodiversity. However, statement 2 is incorrect as the GEF supports projects globally, not just in Asia and Latin America, but also in Africa, Eastern Europe, and other regions. Incorrect Solution: A The Global Environment Facility (GEF) does act as a financial mechanism for several conventions, including the Convention on Biological Diversity, where it provides funding for projects aimed at protecting biodiversity. However, statement 2 is incorrect as the GEF supports projects globally, not just in Asia and Latin America, but also in Africa, Eastern Europe, and other regions.

#### 12. Question

Consider the following statements about the Global Environment Facility (GEF):

• It acts as a financial mechanism for the Convention on Biological Diversity.

• It solely supports projects in Asia and Latin America.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: A

The Global Environment Facility (GEF) does act as a financial mechanism for several conventions, including the Convention on Biological Diversity, where it provides funding for projects aimed at protecting biodiversity. However, statement 2 is incorrect as the GEF supports projects globally, not just in Asia and Latin America, but also in Africa, Eastern Europe, and other regions.

Solution: A

• Question 13 of 30 13. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Earth Hour movement: It is an annual event that encourages individuals, communities, and businesses to turn off non-essential electric lights for one hour. The event is organized by the International Energy Agency (IEA). Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: A Earth Hour is an annual event that promotes turning off non-essential lights for one hour to raise awareness about energy consumption and its effects on the planet. However, statement 2 is incorrect; Earth Hour is organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), not the International Energy Agency (IEA). Incorrect Solution: A Earth Hour is an annual event that promotes turning off non-essential lights for one hour to raise awareness about energy consumption and its effects on the planet. However, statement 2 is incorrect; Earth Hour is organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), not the International Energy Agency (IEA).

#### 13. Question

Consider the following statements about the Earth Hour movement:

• It is an annual event that encourages individuals, communities, and businesses to turn off non-essential electric lights for one hour.

• The event is organized by the International Energy Agency (IEA).

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: A

Earth Hour is an annual event that promotes turning off non-essential lights for one hour to raise awareness about energy consumption and its effects on the planet. However, statement 2 is incorrect; Earth Hour is organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), not the International Energy Agency (IEA).

Solution: A

• Question 14 of 30 14. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the New York Declaration on Forests: It aims to halt global deforestation by 2050. The declaration was initially endorsed by all UN member states. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: D The New York Declaration on Forests aims to end global deforestation by 2030 and has been endorsed by countries, companies, and civil society organizations to halve the rate of deforestation by 2020 and strive to end it by 2030. Although it has broad support, it was not initially endorsed by all UN member states, but rather a group of governments, multinational companies, indigenous community representatives, and NGOs. Incorrect Solution: D The New York Declaration on Forests aims to end global deforestation by 2030 and has been endorsed by countries, companies, and civil society organizations to halve the rate of deforestation by 2020 and strive to end it by 2030. Although it has broad support, it was not initially endorsed by all UN member states, but rather a group of governments, multinational companies, indigenous community representatives, and NGOs.

#### 14. Question

Consider the following statements about the New York Declaration on Forests:

• It aims to halt global deforestation by 2050.

• The declaration was initially endorsed by all UN member states.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: D

The New York Declaration on Forests aims to end global deforestation by 2030 and has been endorsed by countries, companies, and civil society organizations to halve the rate of deforestation by 2020 and strive to end it by 2030. Although it has broad support, it was not initially endorsed by all UN member states, but rather a group of governments, multinational companies, indigenous community representatives, and NGOs.

Solution: D

• Question 15 of 30 15. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the ’30 by 30′ target under the High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People: The coalition aims to protect at least 30% of the Earth’s land and ocean by 2030. This coalition is a subsidiary of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: A The ’30 by 30′ target under the High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People aims to protect at least 30% of the planet’s land and ocean areas by 2030. This ambitious target is endorsed by a broad coalition of countries but it is not a subsidiary of the WWF. The coalition is a partnership of multiple countries working towards biodiversity conservation. Incorrect Solution: A The ’30 by 30′ target under the High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People aims to protect at least 30% of the planet’s land and ocean areas by 2030. This ambitious target is endorsed by a broad coalition of countries but it is not a subsidiary of the WWF. The coalition is a partnership of multiple countries working towards biodiversity conservation.

#### 15. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the ’30 by 30′ target under the High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People:

• The coalition aims to protect at least 30% of the Earth’s land and ocean by 2030.

• This coalition is a subsidiary of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: A

The ’30 by 30′ target under the High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People aims to protect at least 30% of the planet’s land and ocean areas by 2030. This ambitious target is endorsed by a broad coalition of countries but it is not a subsidiary of the WWF. The coalition is a partnership of multiple countries working towards biodiversity conservation.

Solution: A

• Question 16 of 30 16. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the WTO Agreement on Investment Facilitation for Development (IFA). It is meant to create legally binding provisions that aim at at liberalising investment policies. It is aimed at simplifying investment procedures and promoting transparency and predictability for foreign direct investment (FDI), in developed countries. Which of the above is/are correct? a) 1 Only b) 2 Only c) Both 1 and 2 d) None of the above Correct Solution: d) Justification: The Agreement on Investment Facilitation for Development (IFA) is a WTO-negotiated agreement designed to create a more investor-friendly business environment by simplifying investment procedures and promoting transparency and predictability for foreign direct investment (FDI), particularly in developing and least-developed countries. It is meant to create legally binding provisions aimed at facilitating investment flows. What IFA doesn’t cover? IFA does not cover areas like market access, investment protection, government procurement, specific subsidies, or investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). In essence, the IFA is not aimed at liberalising investment policies. Its objective is to simplify investment procedures. Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/30/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-30-september-2023/ Incorrect Solution: d) Justification: The Agreement on Investment Facilitation for Development (IFA) is a WTO-negotiated agreement designed to create a more investor-friendly business environment by simplifying investment procedures and promoting transparency and predictability for foreign direct investment (FDI), particularly in developing and least-developed countries. It is meant to create legally binding provisions aimed at facilitating investment flows. What IFA doesn’t cover? IFA does not cover areas like market access, investment protection, government procurement, specific subsidies, or investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). In essence, the IFA is not aimed at liberalising investment policies. Its objective is to simplify investment procedures. Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/30/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-30-september-2023/

#### 16. Question

Consider the following statements about the WTO Agreement on Investment Facilitation for Development (IFA).

• It is meant to create legally binding provisions that aim at at liberalising investment policies.

• It is aimed at simplifying investment procedures and promoting transparency and predictability for foreign direct investment (FDI), in developed countries.

Which of the above is/are correct?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) None of the above

Solution: d)

Justification: The Agreement on Investment Facilitation for Development (IFA) is a WTO-negotiated agreement designed to create a more investor-friendly business environment by simplifying investment procedures and promoting transparency and predictability for foreign direct investment (FDI), particularly in developing and least-developed countries.

It is meant to create legally binding provisions aimed at facilitating investment flows.

What IFA doesn’t cover?

IFA does not cover areas like market access, investment protection, government procurement, specific subsidies, or investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS).

In essence, the IFA is not aimed at liberalising investment policies. Its objective is to simplify investment procedures.

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/30/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-30-september-2023/

Solution: d)

It is meant to create legally binding provisions aimed at facilitating investment flows.

What IFA doesn’t cover?

IFA does not cover areas like market access, investment protection, government procurement, specific subsidies, or investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS).

In essence, the IFA is not aimed at liberalising investment policies. Its objective is to simplify investment procedures.

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/30/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-30-september-2023/

• Question 17 of 30 17. Question 1 points Toto Language, recently seen in news, falls in which of the following language families? a) Indo-European b) Sino-Tbetan c) Afro-Asiatic d) Austroasiatic Correct Solution: b) Justification: A dictionary titled “Toto Shabda Sangraha” is set to be released with the aim of preserving the Toto language, which is spoken by a mere 1,600 people in parts of West Bengal bordering Bhutan. About Toto Language: The Toto language, a Sino-Tibetan language, is primarily spoken orally and is currently written in the Bengali script. While a script for Toto was developed in 2015 by Dhaniram Toto, a prominent community member, most Toto speakers still use the Bengali script or write in Bengali. The trilingual dictionary will translate Toto words into Bengali and English, making it accessible to a wider audience, as the Toto script is still in its early stages of development, and the tribe is more familiar with the Bengali script. Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/30/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-30-september-2023/ Incorrect Solution: b) Justification: A dictionary titled “Toto Shabda Sangraha” is set to be released with the aim of preserving the Toto language, which is spoken by a mere 1,600 people in parts of West Bengal bordering Bhutan. About Toto Language: The Toto language, a Sino-Tibetan language, is primarily spoken orally and is currently written in the Bengali script. While a script for Toto was developed in 2015 by Dhaniram Toto, a prominent community member, most Toto speakers still use the Bengali script or write in Bengali. The trilingual dictionary will translate Toto words into Bengali and English, making it accessible to a wider audience, as the Toto script is still in its early stages of development, and the tribe is more familiar with the Bengali script. Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/30/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-30-september-2023/

#### 17. Question

Toto Language, recently seen in news, falls in which of the following language families?

• a) Indo-European

• b) Sino-Tbetan

• c) Afro-Asiatic

• d) Austroasiatic

Solution: b)

Justification: A dictionary titled “Toto Shabda Sangraha” is set to be released with the aim of preserving the Toto language, which is spoken by a mere 1,600 people in parts of West Bengal bordering Bhutan.

About Toto Language:

The Toto language, a Sino-Tibetan language, is primarily spoken orally and is currently written in the Bengali script.

While a script for Toto was developed in 2015 by Dhaniram Toto, a prominent community member, most Toto speakers still use the Bengali script or write in Bengali.

The trilingual dictionary will translate Toto words into Bengali and English, making it accessible to a wider audience, as the Toto script is still in its early stages of development, and the tribe is more familiar with the Bengali script.

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/30/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-30-september-2023/

Solution: b)

About Toto Language:

The Toto language, a Sino-Tibetan language, is primarily spoken orally and is currently written in the Bengali script.

While a script for Toto was developed in 2015 by Dhaniram Toto, a prominent community member, most Toto speakers still use the Bengali script or write in Bengali.

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/30/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-30-september-2023/

• Question 18 of 30 18. Question 1 points The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has announced that Indian standards on biofuels and their specifications for biodiesel aviation turbine fuel hydrous and anhydrous ethanol How many of the above is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None of the above Correct Solution: c) Justification: The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has announced that Indian standards on biofuels will significantly support the objectives of the Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA). BIS has developed nine Indian standards on biofuels, including specifications for anhydrous ethanol, biodiesel, biogas, biodiesel-diesel fuel blends, hydrous ethanol, E85 fuel, E20 fuel, aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons, and ethanol as a fuel for spark-ignition engine-powered vehicles. Additionally, BIS is working on a standard for paraffinic (green) diesel derived from 2G feedstock. Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/27/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-27-september-2023/ Incorrect Solution: c) Justification: The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has announced that Indian standards on biofuels will significantly support the objectives of the Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA). BIS has developed nine Indian standards on biofuels, including specifications for anhydrous ethanol, biodiesel, biogas, biodiesel-diesel fuel blends, hydrous ethanol, E85 fuel, E20 fuel, aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons, and ethanol as a fuel for spark-ignition engine-powered vehicles. Additionally, BIS is working on a standard for paraffinic (green) diesel derived from 2G feedstock. Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/27/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-27-september-2023/

#### 18. Question

The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has announced that Indian standards on biofuels and their specifications for

• aviation turbine fuel

• hydrous and anhydrous ethanol

How many of the above is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

• d) None of the above

Solution: c)

Justification: The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has announced that Indian standards on biofuels will significantly support the objectives of the Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA).

BIS has developed nine Indian standards on biofuels, including specifications for anhydrous ethanol, biodiesel, biogas, biodiesel-diesel fuel blends, hydrous ethanol, E85 fuel, E20 fuel, aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons, and ethanol as a fuel for spark-ignition engine-powered vehicles.

Additionally, BIS is working on a standard for paraffinic (green) diesel derived from 2G feedstock.

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/27/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-27-september-2023/

Solution: c)

Justification: The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has announced that Indian standards on biofuels will significantly support the objectives of the Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA).

Additionally, BIS is working on a standard for paraffinic (green) diesel derived from 2G feedstock.

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/27/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-27-september-2023/

• Question 19 of 30 19. Question 1 points Consider the following statements. Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) is a multi-stake holder alliance of Governments, International Organizations and Industries, an initiative by India as the G20 Chair. GBA intends to expedite the global uptake of biofuels through facilitating capacity-building exercises across the value chain of biofuels and aims to provide technical support for national programs as well. Which of the above is/are correct? a) 1 Only b) 2 Only c) Both 1 and 2 d) None Correct Solution: c) Justification: Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) is a multi-stake holder alliance of Governments, International Organizations and Industries, an initiative by India as the G20 Chair, bringing together the biggest consumers and producers of biofuels to drive development and deployment of biofuels. The initiative aims to position biofuels as a key to energy transition and contribute to jobs and economic growth. The Alliance intends to expedite the global uptake of biofuels through facilitating capacity-building exercises across the value chain, technical support for national programs and promoting policy lessons-sharing, technology advancements, intensifying utilization of sustainable biofuels through the participation of a wide spectrum of stakeholders. GBA will facilitate development, adoption and implementation of internationally recognized standards, codes, sustainability principles and regulations to incentivize biofuels adoption and trade. The alliance will also act as a central repository of knowledge and an expert hub. GBA aims to serve as a catalytic platform, fostering global collaboration for the advancement and widespread adoption of biofuels. The initiative will be beneficial for India at multiple fronts and will help strengthen India’s position globally. Further, the alliance will focus on collaboration and will provide additional opportunities to Indian industries in the form of exporting technology and equipment. It will also help accelerate India’s existing biofuels programs such as PM-JIVAN Yojna, SATAT, and GOBARdhan scheme, thereby contributing to increased farmers’ income, creating jobs and overall development of the Indian ecosystem. Q Source: Based on September current affairs https://mopng.gov.in/en/page/68 Incorrect Solution: c) Justification: Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) is a multi-stake holder alliance of Governments, International Organizations and Industries, an initiative by India as the G20 Chair, bringing together the biggest consumers and producers of biofuels to drive development and deployment of biofuels. The initiative aims to position biofuels as a key to energy transition and contribute to jobs and economic growth. The Alliance intends to expedite the global uptake of biofuels through facilitating capacity-building exercises across the value chain, technical support for national programs and promoting policy lessons-sharing, technology advancements, intensifying utilization of sustainable biofuels through the participation of a wide spectrum of stakeholders. GBA will facilitate development, adoption and implementation of internationally recognized standards, codes, sustainability principles and regulations to incentivize biofuels adoption and trade. The alliance will also act as a central repository of knowledge and an expert hub. GBA aims to serve as a catalytic platform, fostering global collaboration for the advancement and widespread adoption of biofuels. The initiative will be beneficial for India at multiple fronts and will help strengthen India’s position globally. Further, the alliance will focus on collaboration and will provide additional opportunities to Indian industries in the form of exporting technology and equipment. It will also help accelerate India’s existing biofuels programs such as PM-JIVAN Yojna, SATAT, and GOBARdhan scheme, thereby contributing to increased farmers’ income, creating jobs and overall development of the Indian ecosystem. Q Source: Based on September current affairs https://mopng.gov.in/en/page/68

#### 19. Question

Consider the following statements.

• Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) is a multi-stake holder alliance of Governments, International Organizations and Industries, an initiative by India as the G20 Chair.

• GBA intends to expedite the global uptake of biofuels through facilitating capacity-building exercises across the value chain of biofuels and aims to provide technical support for national programs as well.

Which of the above is/are correct?

• c) Both 1 and 2

Solution: c)

Justification: Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) is a multi-stake holder alliance of Governments, International Organizations and Industries, an initiative by India as the G20 Chair, bringing together the biggest consumers and producers of biofuels to drive development and deployment of biofuels. The initiative aims to position biofuels as a key to energy transition and contribute to jobs and economic growth.

The Alliance intends to expedite the global uptake of biofuels through facilitating capacity-building exercises across the value chain, technical support for national programs and promoting policy lessons-sharing, technology advancements, intensifying utilization of sustainable biofuels through the participation of a wide spectrum of stakeholders.

GBA will facilitate development, adoption and implementation of internationally recognized standards, codes, sustainability principles and regulations to incentivize biofuels adoption and trade. The alliance will also act as a central repository of knowledge and an expert hub. GBA aims to serve as a catalytic platform, fostering global collaboration for the advancement and widespread adoption of biofuels.

The initiative will be beneficial for India at multiple fronts and will help strengthen India’s position globally. Further, the alliance will focus on collaboration and will provide additional opportunities to Indian industries in the form of exporting technology and equipment. It will also help accelerate India’s existing biofuels programs such as PM-JIVAN Yojna, SATAT, and GOBARdhan scheme, thereby contributing to increased farmers’ income, creating jobs and overall development of the Indian ecosystem.

Q Source: Based on September current affairs

https://mopng.gov.in/en/page/68

Solution: c)

Q Source: Based on September current affairs

https://mopng.gov.in/en/page/68

• Question 20 of 30 20. Question 1 points Consider the following statements. Currently, only a few countries, such as Morocco and the Western Sahara region, control most of the world’s phosphorus reserves. India is the world’s largest importer of phosphorus, primarily from cadmium-laden deposits in West Africa. Which of the above is/are correct? a) 1 Only b) 2 Only c) Both 1 and 2 d) None Correct Solution: c) Justification: Currently, only a few countries, such as Morocco and the Western Sahara region, control most of the world’s phosphorus reserves, raising geopolitical concerns. A significant issue is the coexistence of cadmium, a harmful heavy metal, with phosphorus in some deposits. Cadmium-laden fertilizers are often used in agriculture, leading to health concerns, including heart disease. India is the world’s largest importer of phosphorus, primarily from cadmium-laden deposits in West Africa. Moreover, only a small portion of mined phosphorus is used in food production, with a significant amount lost to water bodies as agricultural runoff. Most of the phosphorus consumed by people ends up in sewage, exacerbating environmental problems like algal blooms and fish deaths. To address the phosphorus scarcity, there is growing interest in mining urban sewage for high-quality phosphorus. This approach could create a sustainable source of phosphorus while mitigating environmental issues. Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/21/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-21-september-2023/ Incorrect Solution: c) Justification: Currently, only a few countries, such as Morocco and the Western Sahara region, control most of the world’s phosphorus reserves, raising geopolitical concerns. A significant issue is the coexistence of cadmium, a harmful heavy metal, with phosphorus in some deposits. Cadmium-laden fertilizers are often used in agriculture, leading to health concerns, including heart disease. India is the world’s largest importer of phosphorus, primarily from cadmium-laden deposits in West Africa. Moreover, only a small portion of mined phosphorus is used in food production, with a significant amount lost to water bodies as agricultural runoff. Most of the phosphorus consumed by people ends up in sewage, exacerbating environmental problems like algal blooms and fish deaths. To address the phosphorus scarcity, there is growing interest in mining urban sewage for high-quality phosphorus. This approach could create a sustainable source of phosphorus while mitigating environmental issues. Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/21/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-21-september-2023/

#### 20. Question

Consider the following statements.

• Currently, only a few countries, such as Morocco and the Western Sahara region, control most of the world’s phosphorus reserves.

• India is the world’s largest importer of phosphorus, primarily from cadmium-laden deposits in West Africa.

Which of the above is/are correct?

• c) Both 1 and 2

Solution: c)

Justification: Currently, only a few countries, such as Morocco and the Western Sahara region, control most of the world’s phosphorus reserves, raising geopolitical concerns.

A significant issue is the coexistence of cadmium, a harmful heavy metal, with phosphorus in some deposits. Cadmium-laden fertilizers are often used in agriculture, leading to health concerns, including heart disease.

India is the world’s largest importer of phosphorus, primarily from cadmium-laden deposits in West Africa.

Moreover, only a small portion of mined phosphorus is used in food production, with a significant amount lost to water bodies as agricultural runoff. Most of the phosphorus consumed by people ends up in sewage, exacerbating environmental problems like algal blooms and fish deaths.

To address the phosphorus scarcity, there is growing interest in mining urban sewage for high-quality phosphorus. This approach could create a sustainable source of phosphorus while mitigating environmental issues.

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/21/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-21-september-2023/

Solution: c)

Justification: Currently, only a few countries, such as Morocco and the Western Sahara region, control most of the world’s phosphorus reserves, raising geopolitical concerns.

India is the world’s largest importer of phosphorus, primarily from cadmium-laden deposits in West Africa.

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/09/21/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-21-september-2023/

• Question 21 of 30 21. Question 1 points With reference to the Fiberization, consider the following statements: It is the process of connecting radio towers through optical fibre cables. It aids in providing additional bandwidth and stronger backhaul support. Its forms the part of the network that connects the core of the network to the edge. How many of the statements given above is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None of the above Correct Answer: C Explanation: Statement 1 is correct: The process of connecting radio towers with each other via optical fibre cables is called fiberisation. It helps provide full utilisation of network capacity, and carry large amounts of data once 5G services are rolled out. Statement 2 is correct: It will also aid in providing additional bandwidth and stronger backhaul support. The backhaul is a component of the larger transport that is responsible for carrying data across the network. Statement 3 is correct: It represents the part of the network that connects the core of the network to the edge. As a result, fibre backhaul remains an important part of transport across all telecoms. Incorrect Answer: C Explanation: Statement 1 is correct: The process of connecting radio towers with each other via optical fibre cables is called fiberisation. It helps provide full utilisation of network capacity, and carry large amounts of data once 5G services are rolled out. Statement 2 is correct: It will also aid in providing additional bandwidth and stronger backhaul support. The backhaul is a component of the larger transport that is responsible for carrying data across the network. Statement 3 is correct: It represents the part of the network that connects the core of the network to the edge. As a result, fibre backhaul remains an important part of transport across all telecoms.

#### 21. Question

With reference to the Fiberization, consider the following statements:

• It is the process of connecting radio towers through optical fibre cables.

• It aids in providing additional bandwidth and stronger backhaul support.

• Its forms the part of the network that connects the core of the network to the edge.

How many of the statements given above is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

• d) None of the above

Answer: C

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The process of connecting radio towers with each other via optical fibre cables is called fiberisation.

It helps provide full utilisation of network capacity, and carry large amounts of data once 5G services are rolled out.

Statement 2 is correct: It will also aid in providing additional bandwidth and stronger backhaul support. The backhaul is a component of the larger transport that is responsible for carrying data across the network.

Statement 3 is correct: It represents the part of the network that connects the core of the network to the edge. As a result, fibre backhaul remains an important part of transport across all telecoms.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The process of connecting radio towers with each other via optical fibre cables is called fiberisation.

It helps provide full utilisation of network capacity, and carry large amounts of data once 5G services are rolled out.

• Question 22 of 30 22. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: The impossible trinity involves the idea that an economy can only maintain a fixed exchange rate if it allows the free flow of capital across its borders. If a country’s central bank adopts an easy monetary policy, it will naturally cause the value of its currency to depreciate against foreign currencies. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 Only b) 2 Only c) Both 1 and 2 d) None of the above Correct Answer: B Explanation: Statement 1 is not correct: The impossible trinity, or the trilemma, refers to the idea that an economy cannot pursue independent monetary policy, maintain a fixed exchange rate, and allow the free flow of capital across its borders at the same time. According to economists, any economy can choose to pursue only two out of the three policy options noted above simultaneously in the long-run. The idea was proposed independently by Canadian economist Robert Mundell and British economist Marcus Fleming in the early 1960s. Statement 2 is correct: if a country’s central bank adopts easy monetary policy with the aim of boosting domestic demand, this will naturally cause the value of its currency to depreciate against foreign currencies if foreign central banks adopt tighter monetary policy. Incorrect Answer: B Explanation: Statement 1 is not correct: The impossible trinity, or the trilemma, refers to the idea that an economy cannot pursue independent monetary policy, maintain a fixed exchange rate, and allow the free flow of capital across its borders at the same time. According to economists, any economy can choose to pursue only two out of the three policy options noted above simultaneously in the long-run. The idea was proposed independently by Canadian economist Robert Mundell and British economist Marcus Fleming in the early 1960s. Statement 2 is correct: if a country’s central bank adopts easy monetary policy with the aim of boosting domestic demand, this will naturally cause the value of its currency to depreciate against foreign currencies if foreign central banks adopt tighter monetary policy.

#### 22. Question

Consider the following statements:

• The impossible trinity involves the idea that an economy can only maintain a fixed exchange rate if it allows the free flow of capital across its borders.

• If a country’s central bank adopts an easy monetary policy, it will naturally cause the value of its currency to depreciate against foreign currencies.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) None of the above

Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 1 is not correct: The impossible trinity, or the trilemma, refers to the idea that an economy cannot pursue independent monetary policy, maintain a fixed exchange rate, and allow the free flow of capital across its borders at the same time.

According to economists, any economy can choose to pursue only two out of the three policy options noted above simultaneously in the long-run.

The idea was proposed independently by Canadian economist Robert Mundell and British economist Marcus Fleming in the early 1960s.

Statement 2 is correct: if a country’s central bank adopts easy monetary policy with the aim of boosting domestic demand, this will naturally cause the value of its currency to depreciate against foreign currencies if foreign central banks adopt tighter monetary policy.

Answer: B

Explanation:

According to economists, any economy can choose to pursue only two out of the three policy options noted above simultaneously in the long-run.

The idea was proposed independently by Canadian economist Robert Mundell and British economist Marcus Fleming in the early 1960s.

• Question 23 of 30 23. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: It is located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has a coastline on the Mediterranean Sea to the north. It is entirely located in the Eastern Hemisphere of the Earth. How many of the statements given above is/are *not correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None of the above Correct Answer: A Explanation: Statement 1 is correct: Libya is a country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. Statement 2 is correct: It is bordered by five countries. These are Egypt, Sudan, Chad, Niger, Algeria, and Tunisia to the east, southeast, south, southwest, west, and northwest, respectively. The country also has a coastline on the Mediterranean Sea to the north. Statement 3 is not correct: Libya is located in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres of the Earth. Incorrect Answer: A Explanation: Statement 1 is correct: Libya is a country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. Statement 2 is correct: It is bordered by five countries. These are Egypt, Sudan, Chad, Niger, Algeria, and Tunisia to the east, southeast, south, southwest, west, and northwest, respectively. The country also has a coastline on the Mediterranean Sea to the north. Statement 3 is not correct: *Libya is located in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres of the Earth.

#### 23. Question

Consider the following statements:

• It is located in the Maghreb region of North Africa.

• It has a coastline on the Mediterranean Sea to the north.

• It is entirely located in the Eastern Hemisphere of the Earth.

How many of the statements given above is/are *not* correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

• d) None of the above

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Libya is a country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa.

Statement 2 is correct: It is bordered by five countries. These are Egypt, Sudan, Chad, Niger, Algeria, and Tunisia to the east, southeast, south, southwest, west, and northwest, respectively.

The country also has a coastline on the Mediterranean Sea to the north.

Statement 3 is not correct: Libya is located in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres of the Earth.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Libya is a country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa.

Statement 2 is correct: It is bordered by five countries. These are Egypt, Sudan, Chad, Niger, Algeria, and Tunisia to the east, southeast, south, southwest, west, and northwest, respectively.

The country also has a coastline on the Mediterranean Sea to the north.

Statement 3 is not correct: Libya is located in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres of the Earth.

• Question 24 of 30 24. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Konark Sun Temple: It was built under the reign of Narasimha Deva I. It is materially linked to the non-Tantric belief systems. It is the culmination of Kalingan temple architecture. How many of the statements given above is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Answer: B Explanation: Statement 1 is correct: The Sun Temple of Konark is an exceptional testimony, in physical form, to the 13th-century Hindu Kingdom of Orissa, under the reign of Narasimha Deva I (AD 1238-1264). Its scale and conception represent the strength and stability of the Ganga Empire as well as the value systems of the historic milieu. It is an outstanding testimony to the 13th-century kingdom of Orissa and a monumental example of the personification of divinity, thus forming an invaluable link in the history of the diffusion of the cult of Surya,the Sun God. Statement 2 is not correct: In this sense, it is directly and materially linked to Brahmanism and tantricbelief systems. Statement 3 is correct: The Sun Temple is the culmination of Kalingan temple architecture, with all its defining elements in complete and perfect form. Incorrect Answer: B Explanation: Statement 1 is correct: The Sun Temple of Konark is an exceptional testimony, in physical form, to the 13th-century Hindu Kingdom of Orissa, under the reign of Narasimha Deva I (AD 1238-1264). Its scale and conception represent the strength and stability of the Ganga Empire as well as the value systems of the historic milieu. It is an outstanding testimony to the 13th-century kingdom of Orissa and a monumental example of the personification of divinity, thus forming an invaluable link in the history of the diffusion of the cult of Surya,the Sun God. Statement 2 is not correct: In this sense, it is directly and materially linked to Brahmanism and tantricbelief systems. Statement 3 is correct: The Sun Temple is the culmination of Kalingan temple architecture, with all its defining elements in complete and perfect form.

#### 24. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Konark Sun Temple:

• It was built under the reign of Narasimha Deva I.

• It is materially linked to the non-Tantric belief systems.

• It is the culmination of Kalingan temple architecture.

How many of the statements given above is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• (c) All three

Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The Sun Temple of Konark is an exceptional testimony, in physical form, to the 13th-century Hindu Kingdom of Orissa, under the reign of Narasimha Deva I (AD 1238-1264).

Its scale and conception represent the strength and stability of the Ganga Empire as well as the value systems of the historic milieu.

It is an outstanding testimony to the 13th-century kingdom of Orissa and a monumental example of the personification of divinity, thus forming an invaluable link in the history of the diffusion of the cult of Surya,the Sun God.

Statement 2 is not correct: In this sense, it is directly and materially linked to Brahmanism and tantricbelief systems.

Statement 3 is correct: The Sun Temple is the culmination of Kalingan temple architecture, with all its defining elements in complete and perfect form.

Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The Sun Temple of Konark is an exceptional testimony, in physical form, to the 13th-century Hindu Kingdom of Orissa, under the reign of Narasimha Deva I (AD 1238-1264).

Its scale and conception represent the strength and stability of the Ganga Empire as well as the value systems of the historic milieu.

Statement 2 is not correct: In this sense, it is directly and materially linked to Brahmanism and tantricbelief systems.

Statement 3 is correct: The Sun Temple is the culmination of Kalingan temple architecture, with all its defining elements in complete and perfect form.

• Question 25 of 30 25. Question 1 points The SATAT Scheme has been formulated in India with the aim to- (a) Enhance public transport system including the Bus Rapid Transit Systems. (b) Increase the amenity value of cities by developing well-maintained open spaces. (c) Upgrade living conditions and infrastructure in selected cities all over India. (d) Set up compressed biogas production plants for market use for automotives. Correct Answer: D Explanation: Option (d) is correct: The SATAT Scheme (Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation) is an initiative by the government of India with the objective of setting up Compressed Biogas production plants, and make it available for market use for automotives by inviting expression of interest through potential investors. Given the abundance of biomass in the country, CBG has the potential to support the development of alternate clean fuel in automotive, industrial and commercial uses in the coming years Incorrect Answer: D Explanation: Option (d) is correct: The SATAT Scheme (Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation) is an initiative by the government of India with the objective of setting up Compressed Biogas production plants, and make it available for market use for automotives by inviting expression of interest through potential investors. Given the abundance of biomass in the country, CBG has the potential to support the development of alternate clean fuel in automotive, industrial and commercial uses in the coming years

#### 25. Question

The SATAT Scheme has been formulated in India with the aim to-

• (a) Enhance public transport system including the Bus Rapid Transit Systems.

• (b) Increase the amenity value of cities by developing well-maintained open spaces.

• (c) Upgrade living conditions and infrastructure in selected cities all over India.

• (d) Set up compressed biogas production plants for market use for automotives.

Answer: D

Explanation:

Option (d) is correct: The SATAT Scheme (Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation) is an initiative by the government of India with the objective of setting up Compressed Biogas production plants, and make it available for market use for automotives by inviting expression of interest through potential investors.

Given the abundance of biomass in the country, CBG has the potential to support the development of alternate clean fuel in automotive, industrial and commercial uses in the coming years

Answer: D

Explanation:

Given the abundance of biomass in the country, CBG has the potential to support the development of alternate clean fuel in automotive, industrial and commercial uses in the coming years

• Question 26 of 30 26. Question 1 points In December this year, the US President Donald Trump’s recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel sparked international controversy for its blatant disregard of the Arab community’s claim to the city as a capital. The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation dismissed the decision as “null and void,” and declared East Jerusalem the capital of Palestine. Weeks after Trump’s announcement, a majority vote in the United Nations General Assembly backed the international consensus that Jerusalem’s status could only be determined through a peace deal between Israel and Palestine. Which among the following is the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the passage? a) Israel Palestine issue has continued for too long and must be resolved now b) Donald Trump’s decision on the status of Jerusalem received widespread condemnation c) Innovative thinking is required to resolve the Israel Paelestine conflict d) None of the above Correct Solution: B. Since Trump’s decision was condemned by OIC and refuted by UNGA, it is apparent that his decision was received unfavourably. Hence B. Incorrect Solution: B. Since Trump’s decision was condemned by OIC and refuted by UNGA, it is apparent that his decision was received unfavourably. Hence B.

#### 26. Question

In December this year, the US President Donald Trump’s recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel sparked international controversy for its blatant disregard of the Arab community’s claim to the city as a capital. The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation dismissed the decision as “null and void,” and declared East Jerusalem the capital of Palestine. Weeks after Trump’s announcement, a majority vote in the United Nations General Assembly backed the international consensus that Jerusalem’s status could only be determined through a peace deal between Israel and Palestine.

Which among the following is the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the passage?

• a) Israel Palestine issue has continued for too long and must be resolved now

• b) Donald Trump’s decision on the status of Jerusalem received widespread condemnation

• c) Innovative thinking is required to resolve the Israel Paelestine conflict

• d) None of the above

Solution: B.

Since Trump’s decision was condemned by OIC and refuted by UNGA, it is apparent that his decision was received unfavourably. Hence B.

Solution: B.

Since Trump’s decision was condemned by OIC and refuted by UNGA, it is apparent that his decision was received unfavourably. Hence B.

• Question 27 of 30 27. Question 1 points The word “cartoon” got its modern sense, denoting a comic drawing, in 1843. It appeared in the still-new British weekly Punch to describe the magazine’s popular caricatures of London political life. When the news reached London a couple of decades later that someone had launched a magazine called Indian Punch, Charles Dickens was incredulous. “Punch in India,” he mused. “The idea seems unpromising. … The Asiatic temperament is solemn, and finds no enjoyment in fun for its own sake.” Within a few short decades, as the anthropologist Ritu Khanduri describes in Caricaturing Culture in India, the satirical ideals of Punch were appropriated, indigenised, and, with an irony worthy of one of its cartoons, transformed into a vehicle for anti-British commentary in the colony. The empire’s humourless Asiatic subjects were laughing back. Which among the following is the most critical and rational inference that can be made from the passage? a) Cartoons first originated in Britain b) Cartoons were considered not suitable for Asians c) Cartoons were well received by Indians d) One should not form judgments based on perceptions Correct Solution: D. Statement A, B and C are all conclusions that can be drawn from the passage. However the question asks for critical and rational inference. Hence D is correct as the passage describes how Charles Dickens had to eat his words because Indians appreciated cartoons, contrary to his misinformed opinion. Incorrect Solution: D. Statement A, B and C are all conclusions that can be drawn from the passage. However the question asks for critical and rational inference. Hence D is correct as the passage describes how Charles Dickens had to eat his words because Indians appreciated cartoons, contrary to his misinformed opinion.

#### 27. Question

The word “cartoon” got its modern sense, denoting a comic drawing, in 1843. It appeared in the still-new British weekly Punch to describe the magazine’s popular caricatures of London political life. When the news reached London a couple of decades later that someone had launched a magazine called Indian Punch, Charles Dickens was incredulous. “Punch in India,” he mused. “The idea seems unpromising. … The Asiatic temperament is solemn, and finds no enjoyment in fun for its own sake.” Within a few short decades, as the anthropologist Ritu Khanduri describes in Caricaturing Culture in India, the satirical ideals of Punch were appropriated, indigenised, and, with an irony worthy of one of its cartoons, transformed into a vehicle for anti-British commentary in the colony. The empire’s humourless Asiatic subjects were laughing back.

Which among the following is the most critical and rational inference that can be made from the passage?

• a) Cartoons first originated in Britain

• b) Cartoons were considered not suitable for Asians

• c) Cartoons were well received by Indians

• d) One should not form judgments based on perceptions

Solution: D.

Statement A, B and C are all conclusions that can be drawn from the passage. However the question asks for critical and rational inference. Hence D is correct as the passage describes how Charles Dickens had to eat his words because Indians appreciated cartoons, contrary to his misinformed opinion.

Solution: D.

• Question 28 of 30 28. Question 1 points A student was asked to divide a number by 6 and add 14 to the quotient. He, however, first added 14 to the number and then divided it by 6, getting 114 as the answer. The correct answer should have been : (a) 122 (b) 118 (c) 114 (d) 125 Correct Solution: D) 125 Let the number be x. Then, as per the operation undertook by the student, we have (x+14)/6 = 114 . Therefore x= 670. Hence, correct answer should have been (670/6)+14 =125. Incorrect Solution: D) 125 Let the number be x. Then, as per the operation undertook by the student, we have (x+14)/6 = 114 . Therefore x= 670. Hence, correct answer should have been (670/6)+14 =125.

#### 28. Question

A student was asked to divide a number by 6 and add 14 to the quotient. He, however, first added 14 to the number and then divided it by 6, getting 114 as the answer. The correct answer should have been :

Solution: D) 125

Let the number be x. Then, as per the operation undertook by the student, we have (x+14)/6 = 114 .

Therefore x= 670.

Hence, correct answer should have been (670/6)+14 =125.

Solution: D) 125

Let the number be x. Then, as per the operation undertook by the student, we have (x+14)/6 = 114 .

Therefore x= 670.

Hence, correct answer should have been (670/6)+14 =125.

• Question 29 of 30 29. Question 1 points Three positions of a cube are shown below. What will come opposite to face containing ‘ α ‘? A) β B) δ C) η D) θ Correct Answer: B) δ Explanation: From the first and third figures Y ,β, θ, η are all adjacent to α Thus, from the second figure, symbol which will be opposite to α is = δ => Ans – (B) Incorrect Answer: B) δ Explanation: From the first and third figures Y ,β, θ, η are all adjacent to α Thus, from the second figure, symbol which will be opposite to α is = δ => Ans – (B)

#### 29. Question

Three positions of a cube are shown below. What will come opposite to face containing ‘ α ‘?

Answer: B) δ

Explanation:

From the first and third figures Y ,β, θ, η are all adjacent to α

Thus, from the second figure, symbol which will be opposite to α is = δ

=> Ans – (B)

Answer: B) δ

Explanation:

From the first and third figures Y ,β, θ, η are all adjacent to α

Thus, from the second figure, symbol which will be opposite to α is = δ

=> Ans – (B)

• Question 30 of 30 30. Question 1 points Choose the box that is similar to the box formed from the given sheet of paper (X). A) 1 and 2 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 3 and 4 only D) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Correct Answer: Option B) Explanation: The fig. (X) is similar to the Form VIII. So, when a cube is formed by folding the sheet shown in fig. (X), then and are the two faces and these two faces lie opposite to each other. Also, the face bearing the ‘x’ sigh lies opposite to the face bearing the black circle and the face bearing the white circle lies opposite to the face bearing the square (having a dot inside it). Now, the cubes in figures (2) and (4) consist of faces which are not formed when the sheet in fig. (X) is folded. Hence, these two cubes are not, formed. Therefore, only the cubes in figures (1) and (3) are formed. Incorrect Answer: Option B) Explanation: The fig. (X) is similar to the Form VIII. So, when a cube is formed by folding the sheet shown in fig. (X), then and are the two faces and these two faces lie opposite to each other. Also, the face bearing the ‘x’ sigh lies opposite to the face bearing the black circle and the face bearing the white circle lies opposite to the face bearing the square (having a dot inside it). Now, the cubes in figures (2) and (4) consist of faces which are not formed when the sheet in fig. (X) is folded. Hence, these two cubes are not, formed. Therefore, only the cubes in figures (1) and (3) are formed.

#### 30. Question

Choose the box that is similar to the box formed from the given sheet of paper (X).

• A) 1 and 2 only

• B) 1 and 3 only

• C) 3 and 4 only

• D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: Option B)

Explanation:

The fig. (X) is similar to the Form VIII. So, when a cube is formed by folding the sheet shown in fig. (X), then and are the two faces and these two faces lie opposite to each other. Also, the face bearing the ‘x’ sigh lies opposite to the face bearing the black circle and the face bearing the white circle lies opposite to the face bearing the square (having a dot inside it). Now, the cubes in figures (2) and (4) consist of faces which are not formed when the sheet in fig. (X) is folded. Hence, these two cubes are not, formed. Therefore, only the cubes in figures (1) and (3) are formed.