DAY – 40 Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2024: Topic – MODERN INDIA, Subject-wise Test 19, Textbook-based Test – 24 and April 2024 CA

INSTA 75 Days REVISION PLAN 2024

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• Question 1 of 30 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: During Quit India movement, Kanaklata Barua led a large procession of protesters, advocating for the takeover of a police station, in West Bengal and was shot and killed by British authorities. Matangini Hazra led the Mrityu Bahini, a suicide squad, in an attempt to hoist the Tricolour at a police station in Assam during quit India movement. Which of the above given statements is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Answer: d Explanation: President Droupadi Murmu, during her address on the eve of Independence Day, paid tribute to women freedom fighters. She mentioned two notable figures: Matangini Hazra: Born in 1869 in a village near Tamluk, West Bengal, she was married at a young age and became widowed by 18. After her husband’s death, she dedicated herself to social causes and became deeply involved in the Nationalist movement, supporting Mahatma Gandhi’s ideals. Hazra participated in various protests, including the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Salt March. During the Quit India Movement in 1942, at the age of 73, she led a large procession of around 6,000 protesters, advocating for the takeover of the Tamluk police station. In the ensuing clash with British authorities, she was shot and killed, becoming a martyr for the cause of Indian independence. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. Kanaklata Barua was a young martyr of the Quit India Movement and a symbol of courage and determination. At just 17 years old, she led the Mrityu Bahini, a suicide squad, in an attempt to hoist the Tricolour at the Gohpur police station in Assam on September 20, 1942. During the confrontation with the police, she was shot and killed while holding onto the flag. Her sacrifice inspired many during a time when women’s involvement in the freedom struggle was gaining momentum. In 2020, a Coast Guard vessel was named after her as a tribute to her bravery. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect. Hence, option (d) is correct. Incorrect Answer: d Explanation: President Droupadi Murmu, during her address on the eve of Independence Day, paid tribute to women freedom fighters. She mentioned two notable figures: Matangini Hazra: Born in 1869 in a village near Tamluk, West Bengal, she was married at a young age and became widowed by 18. After her husband’s death, she dedicated herself to social causes and became deeply involved in the Nationalist movement, supporting Mahatma Gandhi’s ideals. Hazra participated in various protests, including the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Salt March. During the Quit India Movement in 1942, at the age of 73, she led a large procession of around 6,000 protesters, advocating for the takeover of the Tamluk police station. In the ensuing clash with British authorities, she was shot and killed, becoming a martyr for the cause of Indian independence. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. Kanaklata Barua was a young martyr of the Quit India Movement and a symbol of courage and determination. At just 17 years old, she led the Mrityu Bahini, a suicide squad, in an attempt to hoist the Tricolour at the Gohpur police station in Assam on September 20, 1942. During the confrontation with the police, she was shot and killed while holding onto the flag. Her sacrifice inspired many during a time when women’s involvement in the freedom struggle was gaining momentum. In 2020, a Coast Guard vessel was named after her as a tribute to her bravery. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect. Hence, option (d) is correct.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements:

• During Quit India movement, Kanaklata Barua led a large procession of protesters, advocating for the takeover of a police station, in West Bengal and was shot and killed by British authorities.

• Matangini Hazra led the Mrityu Bahini, a suicide squad, in an attempt to hoist the Tricolour at a police station in Assam during quit India movement.

Which of the above given statements is/are correct?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation:

• President Droupadi Murmu, during her address on the eve of Independence Day, paid tribute to women freedom fighters. She mentioned two notable figures:

• Matangini Hazra: Born in 1869 in a village near Tamluk, West Bengal, she was married at a young age and became widowed by 18. After her husband’s death, she dedicated herself to social causes and became deeply involved in the Nationalist movement, supporting Mahatma Gandhi’s ideals. Hazra participated in various protests, including the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Salt March.

• During the Quit India Movement in 1942, at the age of 73, she led a large procession of around 6,000 protesters, advocating for the takeover of the Tamluk police station. In the ensuing clash with British authorities, she was shot and killed, becoming a martyr for the cause of Indian independence. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

• Kanaklata Barua was a young martyr of the Quit India Movement and a symbol of courage and determination. At just 17 years old, she led the Mrityu Bahini, a suicide squad, in an attempt to hoist the Tricolour at the Gohpur police station in Assam on September 20, 1942. During the confrontation with the police, she was shot and killed while holding onto the flag. Her sacrifice inspired many during a time when women’s involvement in the freedom struggle was gaining momentum. In 2020, a Coast Guard vessel was named after her as a tribute to her bravery. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

• Hence, option (d) is correct.

Explanation:

• President Droupadi Murmu, during her address on the eve of Independence Day, paid tribute to women freedom fighters. She mentioned two notable figures:

• Hence, option (d) is correct.

• Question 2 of 30 2. Question 1 points With reference to Bhagavati Charan Vohra, consider the following statements: He was a pamphleteer and propagandist of the revolutionary movement. He authored “The Philosophy of the Bomb”, which features a debate between revolutionaries and Mahatma Gandhi. He was one of the founders of Naujawan Bharat Sabha. He died during the Kakori train robbery. Which of the above given statements are correct? a) 1 and 4 only b) 3 and 4 only c) 1,2 and 3 only d) 1,3 and 4 only Correct Answer: c Explanation: Bhagwati Charan Vohra is among the lesser-known personages from the Bhagat Singh era of the Indian revolutionary movement. He was a chief pamphleteer and propagandist and among the most important ideologues of the movement. Hence, statement 1 is correct. Though not as popular as Singh and Chandrashekhar Azad, he co-wrote three significant ideological/organisational documents—the manifestos of the Naujawan Bharat Sabha and Hindustan Socialist Republican Association and the most famous document of the HSRA, “The Philosophy of the Bomb”, which features a debate between revolutionaries and Mahatma Gandhi. Hence, statement 2 is correct. Vohra, Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev formed the Naujawan Bharat Sabha in 1926, was elected its propaganda secretary. Hence, statement 3 is correct. Vohra often used to say: “I want to die in such a place and manner that no one may know of it and shed tears”. In a cruel tragedy, fate heeded his desire. He died on 28 May 1930 while testing a bomb near the Ravi River. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect. Incorrect Answer: c Explanation: Bhagwati Charan Vohra is among the lesser-known personages from the Bhagat Singh era of the Indian revolutionary movement. He was a chief pamphleteer and propagandist and among the most important ideologues of the movement. Hence, statement 1 is correct. Though not as popular as Singh and Chandrashekhar Azad, he co-wrote three significant ideological/organisational documents—the manifestos of the Naujawan Bharat Sabha and Hindustan Socialist Republican Association and the most famous document of the HSRA, “The Philosophy of the Bomb”, which features a debate between revolutionaries and Mahatma Gandhi. Hence, statement 2 is correct. Vohra, Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev formed the Naujawan Bharat Sabha in 1926, was elected its propaganda secretary. Hence, statement 3 is correct. Vohra often used to say: “I want to die in such a place and manner that no one may know of it and shed tears”. In a cruel tragedy, fate heeded his desire. He died on 28 May 1930 while testing a bomb near the Ravi River. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect.

#### 2. Question

With reference to Bhagavati Charan Vohra, consider the following statements:

• He was a pamphleteer and propagandist of the revolutionary movement.

• He authored “The Philosophy of the Bomb”, which features a debate between revolutionaries and Mahatma Gandhi.

• He was one of the founders of Naujawan Bharat Sabha.

• He died during the Kakori train robbery.

Which of the above given statements are correct?

• a) 1 and 4 only

• b) 3 and 4 only

• c) 1,2 and 3 only

• d) 1,3 and 4 only

Explanation:

• Bhagwati Charan Vohra is among the lesser-known personages from the Bhagat Singh era of the Indian revolutionary movement. He was a chief pamphleteer and propagandist and among the most important ideologues of the movement. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

• Though not as popular as Singh and Chandrashekhar Azad, he co-wrote three significant ideological/organisational documents—the manifestos of the Naujawan Bharat Sabha and Hindustan Socialist Republican Association and the most famous document of the HSRA, “The Philosophy of the Bomb”, which features a debate between revolutionaries and Mahatma Gandhi. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

• Vohra, Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev formed the Naujawan Bharat Sabha in 1926, was elected its propaganda secretary. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

• Vohra often used to say: “I want to die in such a place and manner that no one may know of it and shed tears”. In a cruel tragedy, fate heeded his desire. He died on 28 May 1930 while testing a bomb near the Ravi River. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect.

Explanation:

• Vohra, Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev formed the Naujawan Bharat Sabha in 1926, was elected its propaganda secretary. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

• Question 3 of 30 3. Question 1 points Why did Mahatma Gandhi call the proposals of Cripps mission “Post-dated Cheque drawn on a failing bank?”? a) The Cripps Mission proposed to create a new Indian Union with Dominion status after the Second World War. b) It proposed setting up a Constitution-making body for India after the War, whose members would be elected by the Provincial Assemblies. c) There were provisions for any British Indian Province unwilling to accept India’s Constitution to either maintain its current constitutional status or frame its own constitution. d) Churchill was against providing any leverage to Indians. He was against Roosevelt's administration, which had wanted to abandon imperialism through the Atlantic Charter. Correct Answer: a Explanation: Sir Stafford Cripps, a left-wing Labourite, was in charge of the Cripps mission. He was a member of the British war cabinet and the leader of the House of Commons. The major goal of the Cripps mission in 1942 was to enlist Indian support for British war activities. Gandhi called Cripps Mission proposals a “Post-dated Cheque drawn on a failing bank”. This was due to the promise of granting dominion status after the end of the Second World War. Congress wanted immediate independence .The offer of the “Dominion Status” was dead at that moment. Hence, option (a) is correct. Incorrect Answer: a Explanation: Sir Stafford Cripps, a left-wing Labourite, was in charge of the Cripps mission. He was a member of the British war cabinet and the leader of the House of Commons. The major goal of the Cripps mission in 1942 was to enlist Indian support for British war activities. Gandhi called Cripps Mission proposals a “Post-dated Cheque drawn on a failing bank”. This was due to the promise of granting dominion status after the end of the Second World War. Congress wanted immediate independence .The offer of the “Dominion Status” was dead at that moment. Hence, option (a) is correct.

#### 3. Question

Why did Mahatma Gandhi call the proposals of Cripps mission “Post-dated Cheque drawn on a failing bank?”?

• a) The Cripps Mission proposed to create a new Indian Union with Dominion status after the Second World War.

• b) It proposed setting up a Constitution-making body for India after the War, whose members would be elected by the Provincial Assemblies.

• c) There were provisions for any British Indian Province unwilling to accept India’s Constitution to either maintain its current constitutional status or frame its own constitution.

• d) Churchill was against providing any leverage to Indians. He was against Roosevelt's administration, which had wanted to abandon imperialism through the Atlantic Charter.

Explanation:

• Sir Stafford Cripps, a left-wing Labourite, was in charge of the Cripps mission. He was a member of the British war cabinet and the leader of the House of Commons. The major goal of the Cripps mission in 1942 was to enlist Indian support for British war activities.

• Gandhi called Cripps Mission proposals a “Post-dated Cheque drawn on a failing bank”. This was due to the promise of granting dominion status after the end of the Second World War. Congress wanted immediate independence .The offer of the “Dominion Status” was dead at that moment.

• Hence, option (a) is correct.

Explanation:

• Hence, option (a) is correct.

• Question 4 of 30 4. Question 1 points What was the name of the revolutionary organization formed by Ram Prasad Bismil? a) Bharat Mata Sena b) Matrivedi c) Swaraj Samiti d) Hind Fauj Correct Answer: b Explanation: Ram Prasad Bismil was a revolutionary freedom fighter with a poet’s heart. Bismil was born on 11 June 1897, in a village in Uttar Pradesh’s Shahjahanpur district. British authorities hanged him for his involvement in the Kakori Train Action. He was hanged in the Gorakhpur jail in 1927 and cremated on the banks of the Rapti River. He is a revered symbol of patriotism and Hindu-Muslim unity. He attended the 1921 session of the Indian National Congress at Ahmedabad. Ram Prasad Bismil became known in the annals of history because of his participation in the Mainpuri Conspiracy of 1918 and the Kakori Conspiracy of 1925. Bismil formed a revolutionary organisation named ‘Matrivedi’ (Altar of Mother), and sought help from Genda Lal Dixit, a school teacher from Auraiya, who had established the first independent secret society in UP named ‘Shivaji Samiti’. Bismil and Dixit got involved in the Mainpuri Conspiracy in which they distributed prohibited literature. On 28 January, 1918, Bismil distributed two of his writings to people- a pamphlet titled Deshwasiyon ke Naam Sandesh (A Message to Countrymen) and Mainpuri ki Pratigya (Vow of Mainpuri). To collect funds for their parties they looted government coffers on three occasions in 1918. When Bismil was planning another looting between Delhi and Agra, a police team arrived and firing started from both the sides. Bismil jumped into the river Yamuna to escape and was presumed dead. Dixit and others were arrested and put on trial in the Mainpuri Conspiracy Case. Dixit escaped from the Agra jail and remained hidden in Delhi. On 1st November, 1919 a judgement was passed declaring Bismil and Dixit absconders in the case. Hence, option (b) is correct. Incorrect Answer: b Explanation: Ram Prasad Bismil was a revolutionary freedom fighter with a poet’s heart. Bismil was born on 11 June 1897, in a village in Uttar Pradesh’s Shahjahanpur district. British authorities hanged him for his involvement in the Kakori Train Action. He was hanged in the Gorakhpur jail in 1927 and cremated on the banks of the Rapti River. He is a revered symbol of patriotism and Hindu-Muslim unity. He attended the 1921 session of the Indian National Congress at Ahmedabad. Ram Prasad Bismil became known in the annals of history because of his participation in the Mainpuri Conspiracy of 1918 and the Kakori Conspiracy of 1925. Bismil formed a revolutionary organisation named ‘Matrivedi’ (Altar of Mother), and sought help from Genda Lal Dixit, a school teacher from Auraiya, who had established the first independent secret society in UP named ‘Shivaji Samiti’. Bismil and Dixit got involved in the Mainpuri Conspiracy in which they distributed prohibited literature. On 28 January, 1918, Bismil distributed two of his writings to people- a pamphlet titled Deshwasiyon ke Naam Sandesh (A Message to Countrymen) and Mainpuri ki Pratigya (Vow of Mainpuri). To collect funds for their parties they looted government coffers on three occasions in 1918. When Bismil was planning another looting between Delhi and Agra, a police team arrived and firing started from both the sides. Bismil jumped into the river Yamuna to escape and was presumed dead. Dixit and others were arrested and put on trial in the Mainpuri Conspiracy Case. Dixit escaped from the Agra jail and remained hidden in Delhi. On 1st November, 1919 a judgement was passed declaring Bismil and Dixit absconders in the case. Hence, option (b) is correct.

#### 4. Question

What was the name of the revolutionary organization formed by Ram Prasad Bismil?

• a) Bharat Mata Sena

• b) Matrivedi

• c) Swaraj Samiti

• d) Hind Fauj

Explanation:

• Ram Prasad Bismil was a revolutionary freedom fighter with a poet’s heart.

• Bismil was born on 11 June 1897, in a village in Uttar Pradesh’s Shahjahanpur district.

• British authorities hanged him for his involvement in the Kakori Train Action. He was hanged in the Gorakhpur jail in 1927 and cremated on the banks of the Rapti River.

• He is a revered symbol of patriotism and Hindu-Muslim unity. He attended the 1921 session of the Indian National Congress at Ahmedabad.

• Ram Prasad Bismil became known in the annals of history because of his participation in the Mainpuri Conspiracy of 1918 and the Kakori Conspiracy of 1925.

• Bismil formed a revolutionary organisation named ‘Matrivedi’ (Altar of Mother), and sought help from Genda Lal Dixit, a school teacher from Auraiya, who had established the first independent secret society in UP named ‘Shivaji Samiti’.

• Bismil and Dixit got involved in the Mainpuri Conspiracy in which they distributed prohibited literature.

• On 28 January, 1918, Bismil distributed two of his writings to people- a pamphlet titled Deshwasiyon ke Naam Sandesh (A Message to Countrymen) and Mainpuri ki Pratigya (Vow of Mainpuri).

• To collect funds for their parties they looted government coffers on three occasions in 1918. When Bismil was planning another looting between Delhi and Agra, a police team arrived and firing started from both the sides.

• Bismil jumped into the river Yamuna to escape and was presumed dead. Dixit and others were arrested and put on trial in the Mainpuri Conspiracy Case. Dixit escaped from the Agra jail and remained hidden in Delhi. On 1st November, 1919 a judgement was passed declaring Bismil and Dixit absconders in the case.

• Hence, option (b) is correct.

Explanation:

• Ram Prasad Bismil was a revolutionary freedom fighter with a poet’s heart.

• Bismil was born on 11 June 1897, in a village in Uttar Pradesh’s Shahjahanpur district.

• British authorities hanged him for his involvement in the Kakori Train Action. He was hanged in the Gorakhpur jail in 1927 and cremated on the banks of the Rapti River.

• He is a revered symbol of patriotism and Hindu-Muslim unity. He attended the 1921 session of the Indian National Congress at Ahmedabad.

• Ram Prasad Bismil became known in the annals of history because of his participation in the Mainpuri Conspiracy of 1918 and the Kakori Conspiracy of 1925.

• Bismil and Dixit got involved in the Mainpuri Conspiracy in which they distributed prohibited literature.

• On 28 January, 1918, Bismil distributed two of his writings to people- a pamphlet titled Deshwasiyon ke Naam Sandesh (A Message to Countrymen) and Mainpuri ki Pratigya (Vow of Mainpuri).

• Hence, option (b) is correct.

• Question 5 of 30 5. Question 1 points Who was the main target of the Alipore Bomb Conspiracy Case, and who were the young rebels involved? a) The target was Viceroy Lord Hardinge, and the rebels were Rash Behari Bose and Sachin Saniyal. b) The target was Douglas Kingford, and the rebels were Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki. c) The target was Lord Chelmsford, and the rebels were Vinayak Savarkar and Ganesh Damodar Savarkar. d) The target was Curzon Wyllie, and the rebels were Aurobindo Ghosh and Barindra Kumar Ghosh. Correct Answer: b Explanation: The Alipore Bomb Conspiracy Case was centred around a plot to assassinate Douglas Kingsford, a British magistrate known for his harsh treatment of Indian nationalists. Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki, two young revolutionaries, were assigned the task of carrying out the assassination. However, they detonated a bomb on a carriage on April 30, 1908, killing two English ladies instead of Kingsford. Khudiram Bose was detained and later executed for his involvement in the bombing, while Prafulla Chaki committed suicide. The case also involved other prominent figures like Aurobindo Ghosh and Barindra Kumar Ghosh Hence, option (b) is correct. Incorrect Answer: b Explanation: The Alipore Bomb Conspiracy Case was centred around a plot to assassinate Douglas Kingsford, a British magistrate known for his harsh treatment of Indian nationalists. Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki, two young revolutionaries, were assigned the task of carrying out the assassination. However, they detonated a bomb on a carriage on April 30, 1908, killing two English ladies instead of Kingsford. Khudiram Bose was detained and later executed for his involvement in the bombing, while Prafulla Chaki committed suicide. The case also involved other prominent figures like Aurobindo Ghosh and Barindra Kumar Ghosh Hence, option (b) is correct.

#### 5. Question

Who was the main target of the Alipore Bomb Conspiracy Case, and who were the young rebels involved?

• a) The target was Viceroy Lord Hardinge, and the rebels were Rash Behari Bose and Sachin Saniyal.

• b) The target was Douglas Kingford, and the rebels were Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki.

• c) The target was Lord Chelmsford, and the rebels were Vinayak Savarkar and Ganesh Damodar Savarkar.

• d) The target was Curzon Wyllie, and the rebels were Aurobindo Ghosh and Barindra Kumar Ghosh.

Explanation:

• The Alipore Bomb Conspiracy Case was centred around a plot to assassinate Douglas Kingsford, a British magistrate known for his harsh treatment of Indian nationalists.

• Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki, two young revolutionaries, were assigned the task of carrying out the assassination. However, they detonated a bomb on a carriage on April 30, 1908, killing two English ladies instead of Kingsford.

• Khudiram Bose was detained and later executed for his involvement in the bombing, while Prafulla Chaki committed suicide.

• The case also involved other prominent figures like Aurobindo Ghosh and Barindra Kumar Ghosh

Hence, option (b) is correct.

Explanation:

• The Alipore Bomb Conspiracy Case was centred around a plot to assassinate Douglas Kingsford, a British magistrate known for his harsh treatment of Indian nationalists.

• Khudiram Bose was detained and later executed for his involvement in the bombing, while Prafulla Chaki committed suicide.

• The case also involved other prominent figures like Aurobindo Ghosh and Barindra Kumar Ghosh

Hence, option (b) is correct.

• Question 6 of 30 6. Question 1 points Consider the following: Lack of organized leadership hiearachy Underestimation of the preparation required Resistance from Indian nationalist figures Komagatha Maru incident How many of the above are the reasons for failure of the Ghadar movement? a) Only one b) Only two c) Only three d) All four Correct Answer: c Explanation: The Ghadar Party was a revolutionary organisation with its main office in San Francisco and was centred around the weekly journal “The Ghadar.” The majority of these revolutionaries were ex-soldiers and peasants who had moved to the USA and Canada from Punjab in pursuit of better job possibilities. The Ghadar programme was designed to plan official assassinations, disseminate anti-imperialist and revolutionary literature, coordinate with Indian troops stationed abroad, get weapons, and spark a synchronised uprising across all British colonies. Lala Hardayal, Ramchandra, Bhagwan Singh, Kartar Singh Saraba, Barkatullah, and Bhai Parmanand were the driving forces behind the Ghadr Party. They wanted to incite a rebellion in India. Lala Har Dayal, Sant Baba Wasakha Singh Dadehar, Baba Jawala Singh, Santokh Singh, and Sohan Singh Bakra created the Ghadar Party, formerly known as the Pacific Coast Hindustan Association, on July 15, 1913, in the United States. Among the Indian diaspora in the United States, Canada, East Africa, and Asia, the Ghadar party attracted a substantial following. Reasons for failure of Ghadar Movement: Lack of organized and sustained leadership: The Ghadar Party lacked cohesive and sustained leadership necessary for effectively coordinating revolutionary activities. While it had influential figures like Lala Hardayal and Bhagwan Singh, the absence of a well-structured leadership hierarchy led to disorganization and inefficiency within the party. Hence, statement 1 is correct. Underestimation of the preparation required at every level: The Ghadar Party underestimated the magnitude of preparation required for executing its revolutionary plans. This included logistical, ideological, financial, and tactical preparation. The party failed to anticipate the challenges and complexities involved in orchestrating a synchronized uprising across British colonies. Hence, statement 2 is correct. Resistance from Indian nationalist figures and organizations: The Ghadar Party faced opposition and resistance from various quarters within the Indian nationalist movement. Established nationalist figures and organizations, such as the Indian National Congress, viewed the Ghadar Party’s methods as too radical and disruptive. This resistance hindered the party’s efforts to garner broader support and participation. Hence, statement 3 is correct. Komagatha Maru incident (1914): The Komagatha Maru incident was a significant event that provided motivation and support for the Ghadar movement, it was not a direct reason for the movement’s failure. Instead, it served as a rallying point and highlighted the injustices faced by Indians under British colonial rule, but it did not directly contribute to the movement’s downfall. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect. Hence, option (c) is correct. Incorrect Answer: c Explanation: The Ghadar Party was a revolutionary organisation with its main office in San Francisco and was centred around the weekly journal “The Ghadar.” The majority of these revolutionaries were ex-soldiers and peasants who had moved to the USA and Canada from Punjab in pursuit of better job possibilities. The Ghadar programme was designed to plan official assassinations, disseminate anti-imperialist and revolutionary literature, coordinate with Indian troops stationed abroad, get weapons, and spark a synchronised uprising across all British colonies. Lala Hardayal, Ramchandra, Bhagwan Singh, Kartar Singh Saraba, Barkatullah, and Bhai Parmanand were the driving forces behind the Ghadr Party. They wanted to incite a rebellion in India. Lala Har Dayal, Sant Baba Wasakha Singh Dadehar, Baba Jawala Singh, Santokh Singh, and Sohan Singh Bakra created the Ghadar Party, formerly known as the Pacific Coast Hindustan Association, on July 15, 1913, in the United States. Among the Indian diaspora in the United States, Canada, East Africa, and Asia, the Ghadar party attracted a substantial following. Reasons for failure of Ghadar Movement: Lack of organized and sustained leadership: The Ghadar Party lacked cohesive and sustained leadership necessary for effectively coordinating revolutionary activities. While it had influential figures like Lala Hardayal and Bhagwan Singh, the absence of a well-structured leadership hierarchy led to disorganization and inefficiency within the party. Hence, statement 1 is correct. Underestimation of the preparation required at every level: The Ghadar Party underestimated the magnitude of preparation required for executing its revolutionary plans. This included logistical, ideological, financial, and tactical preparation. The party failed to anticipate the challenges and complexities involved in orchestrating a synchronized uprising across British colonies. Hence, statement 2 is correct. Resistance from Indian nationalist figures and organizations: The Ghadar Party faced opposition and resistance from various quarters within the Indian nationalist movement. Established nationalist figures and organizations, such as the Indian National Congress, viewed the Ghadar Party’s methods as too radical and disruptive. This resistance hindered the party’s efforts to garner broader support and participation. Hence, statement 3 is correct. Komagatha Maru incident (1914): The Komagatha Maru incident was a significant event that provided motivation and support for the Ghadar movement, it was not a direct reason for the movement’s failure. Instead, it served as a rallying point and highlighted the injustices faced by Indians under British colonial rule, but it did not directly contribute to the movement’s downfall. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect. Hence, option (c) is correct.

#### 6. Question

Consider the following:

• Lack of organized leadership hiearachy

• Underestimation of the preparation required

• Resistance from Indian nationalist figures

• Komagatha Maru incident

How many of the above are the reasons for failure of the Ghadar movement?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) Only three

• d) All four

Explanation:

• The Ghadar Party was a revolutionary organisation with its main office in San Francisco and was centred around the weekly journal “The Ghadar.”

• The majority of these revolutionaries were ex-soldiers and peasants who had moved to the USA and Canada from Punjab in pursuit of better job possibilities.

• The Ghadar programme was designed to plan official assassinations, disseminate anti-imperialist and revolutionary literature, coordinate with Indian troops stationed abroad, get weapons, and spark a synchronised uprising across all British colonies.

• Lala Hardayal, Ramchandra, Bhagwan Singh, Kartar Singh Saraba, Barkatullah, and Bhai Parmanand were the driving forces behind the Ghadr Party. They wanted to incite a rebellion in India.

• Lala Har Dayal, Sant Baba Wasakha Singh Dadehar, Baba Jawala Singh, Santokh Singh, and Sohan Singh Bakra created the Ghadar Party, formerly known as the Pacific Coast Hindustan Association, on July 15, 1913, in the United States.

• Among the Indian diaspora in the United States, Canada, East Africa, and Asia, the Ghadar party attracted a substantial following.

Reasons for failure of Ghadar Movement:

• Lack of organized and sustained leadership: The Ghadar Party lacked cohesive and sustained leadership necessary for effectively coordinating revolutionary activities. While it had influential figures like Lala Hardayal and Bhagwan Singh, the absence of a well-structured leadership hierarchy led to disorganization and inefficiency within the party. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

• Underestimation of the preparation required at every level: The Ghadar Party underestimated the magnitude of preparation required for executing its revolutionary plans. This included logistical, ideological, financial, and tactical preparation. The party failed to anticipate the challenges and complexities involved in orchestrating a synchronized uprising across British colonies. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

• Resistance from Indian nationalist figures and organizations: The Ghadar Party faced opposition and resistance from various quarters within the Indian nationalist movement. Established nationalist figures and organizations, such as the Indian National Congress, viewed the Ghadar Party’s methods as too radical and disruptive. This resistance hindered the party’s efforts to garner broader support and participation. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

• Komagatha Maru incident (1914): The Komagatha Maru incident was a significant event that provided motivation and support for the Ghadar movement, it was not a direct reason for the movement’s failure. Instead, it served as a rallying point and highlighted the injustices faced by Indians under British colonial rule, but it did not directly contribute to the movement’s downfall. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect.

• Hence, option (c) is correct.

Explanation:

• The Ghadar Party was a revolutionary organisation with its main office in San Francisco and was centred around the weekly journal “The Ghadar.”

• The majority of these revolutionaries were ex-soldiers and peasants who had moved to the USA and Canada from Punjab in pursuit of better job possibilities.

• Lala Hardayal, Ramchandra, Bhagwan Singh, Kartar Singh Saraba, Barkatullah, and Bhai Parmanand were the driving forces behind the Ghadr Party. They wanted to incite a rebellion in India.

• Among the Indian diaspora in the United States, Canada, East Africa, and Asia, the Ghadar party attracted a substantial following.

Reasons for failure of Ghadar Movement:

• Hence, option (c) is correct.

• Question 7 of 30 7. Question 1 points With reference to Rabindranath Tagore, consider the following statements: He is the first non-European to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature. He expressed concerns about the emergence of aggressive forms of nationalism. The Bard of Bengal was the pen name of Tagore. Gitanjali, Gitimalya and the King of the Dark Chamber were among some of the greatest poems written by Tagore. How many of the above given statements are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Answer: b Explanation: Rabindranath Tagore, born on May 7, 1861, in Kolkata, India. He was born into a distinguished family in Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), West Bengal, India. He was the youngest of thirteen children born to Debendranath Tagore and Sarada Devi. Debendranath Tagore was a prominent philosopher, religious leader, and reformer, while Sarada Devi was deeply engaged in cultural and social activities. Rabindranath Tagore was called Gurudev, Kabiguru, and Biswakabi affectionately and his songs are popularly known as Rabindranath Tagore penned down the national anthems of India and Bangladesh – the Jana Gana Mana and the Amar Shonar Bangla respectively are from the Rabindrasangeet. Rabindranath Tagore was a poet, novelist, artist, painter and educationalist. Tagore won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913 for his collection Gitanjali. He is the first Indian and first non-European to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature. Hence, statement 1 is correct. Rabindranath Tagore expressed concerns about the emergence of aggressive and narrow forms of nationalism, both in India and globally, fearing that such ideologies could lead to conflicts and a suppression of individual freedom. In his famous work “Nationalism,” Tagore criticized the negative aspects of narrow nationalism while advocating for a more inclusive and universalistic approach to nationalism that promotes mutual understanding and cultural diversity. Hence, statement 2 is correct. Rabindranath Tagore also known by his pen name Bhanu Singha Thakur (Bhonita). The Bard of Bengal was the title given to him. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect. He received the British Knighthood in 1915. However, he renounced it in protest against the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre in 1919. He is credited for giving the Mahatma title to Mahatma Gandhi. In 1901, he started a model school after the ancient hermitage schools of India named Santiniketan (the abode of peace). Santiniketan engaged many scholars from across the world, including his English friends, Oxford professor E J Thompson, missionary C F Andrews and Lord Elmhirst. In 1921, a ‘world university’ was established at Santiniketan, later recognised as ‘Visva Bharati’. Important Literary Contributions:- Poems: Manasi (The Ideal One,1890) Sonar Tari (The Golden Boat,1894) Gitanjali (Song Offerings,1910) Gitimalya (Wreath of Songs,1914) Balaka (The Flight of Cranes,1916) Plays: Raja (1910) [The King of the Dark Chamber]. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect. Dakghar (The Post Office,1912) Achalayatan (The Immovable,1912) Muktadhara (The Waterfall,1922) Raktakaravi (Red Oleanders,1926) Short stories and Novels: Gora (1910), Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World, 1916) and Yogayog (Crosscurrents, 1929) Hence, option (b) is correct. Incorrect Answer: b Explanation: Rabindranath Tagore, born on May 7, 1861, in Kolkata, India. He was born into a distinguished family in Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), West Bengal, India. He was the youngest of thirteen children born to Debendranath Tagore and Sarada Devi. Debendranath Tagore was a prominent philosopher, religious leader, and reformer, while Sarada Devi was deeply engaged in cultural and social activities. Rabindranath Tagore was called Gurudev, Kabiguru, and Biswakabi affectionately and his songs are popularly known as Rabindranath Tagore penned down the national anthems of India and Bangladesh – the Jana Gana Mana and the Amar Shonar Bangla respectively are from the Rabindrasangeet. Rabindranath Tagore was a poet, novelist, artist, painter and educationalist. Tagore won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913 for his collection Gitanjali. He is the first Indian and first non-European to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature. Hence, statement 1 is correct. Rabindranath Tagore expressed concerns about the emergence of aggressive and narrow forms of nationalism, both in India and globally, fearing that such ideologies could lead to conflicts and a suppression of individual freedom. In his famous work “Nationalism,” Tagore criticized the negative aspects of narrow nationalism while advocating for a more inclusive and universalistic approach to nationalism that promotes mutual understanding and cultural diversity. Hence, statement 2 is correct. Rabindranath Tagore also known by his pen name Bhanu Singha Thakur (Bhonita). The Bard of Bengal was the title given to him. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect. He received the British Knighthood in 1915. However, he renounced it in protest against the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre in 1919. He is credited for giving the Mahatma title to Mahatma Gandhi. In 1901, he started a model school after the ancient hermitage schools of India named Santiniketan (the abode of peace). Santiniketan engaged many scholars from across the world, including his English friends, Oxford professor E J Thompson, missionary C F Andrews and Lord Elmhirst. In 1921, a ‘world university’ was established at Santiniketan, later recognised as ‘Visva Bharati’. Important Literary Contributions:- Poems: Manasi (The Ideal One,1890) Sonar Tari (The Golden Boat,1894) Gitanjali (Song Offerings,1910) Gitimalya (Wreath of Songs,1914) Balaka (The Flight of Cranes,1916) Plays: Raja (1910) [The King of the Dark Chamber]. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect. Dakghar (The Post Office,1912) Achalayatan (The Immovable,1912) Muktadhara (The Waterfall,1922) Raktakaravi (Red Oleanders,1926) Short stories and Novels: Gora (1910), Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World, 1916) and Yogayog (Crosscurrents, 1929) Hence, option (b) is correct.

#### 7. Question

With reference to Rabindranath Tagore, consider the following statements:

• He is the first non-European to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature.

• He expressed concerns about the emergence of aggressive forms of nationalism.

• The Bard of Bengal was the pen name of Tagore.

• Gitanjali, Gitimalya and the King of the Dark Chamber were among some of the greatest poems written by Tagore.

How many of the above given statements are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Explanation:

• Rabindranath Tagore, born on May 7, 1861, in Kolkata, India. He was born into a distinguished family in Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), West Bengal, India.

• He was the youngest of thirteen children born to Debendranath Tagore and Sarada Devi. Debendranath Tagore was a prominent philosopher, religious leader, and reformer, while Sarada Devi was deeply engaged in cultural and social activities.

• Rabindranath Tagore was called Gurudev, Kabiguru, and Biswakabi affectionately and his songs are popularly known as Rabindranath Tagore penned down the national anthems of India and Bangladesh – the Jana Gana Mana and the Amar Shonar Bangla respectively are from the Rabindrasangeet.

• Rabindranath Tagore was a poet, novelist, artist, painter and educationalist.

• Tagore won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913 for his collection Gitanjali. He is the first Indian and first non-European to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

• Rabindranath Tagore expressed concerns about the emergence of aggressive and narrow forms of nationalism, both in India and globally, fearing that such ideologies could lead to conflicts and a suppression of individual freedom.

• In his famous work “Nationalism,” Tagore criticized the negative aspects of narrow nationalism while advocating for a more inclusive and universalistic approach to nationalism that promotes mutual understanding and cultural diversity. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

• Rabindranath Tagore also known by his pen name Bhanu Singha Thakur (Bhonita). The Bard of Bengal was the title given to him. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

• He received the British Knighthood in 1915. However, he renounced it in protest against the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre in 1919.

• He is credited for giving the Mahatma title to Mahatma Gandhi.

• In 1901, he started a model school after the ancient hermitage schools of India named Santiniketan (the abode of peace).

• Santiniketan engaged many scholars from across the world, including his English friends, Oxford professor E J Thompson, missionary C F Andrews and Lord Elmhirst.

• In 1921, a ‘world university’ was established at Santiniketan, later recognised as ‘Visva Bharati’.

Important Literary Contributions:-

Poems:

• Manasi (The Ideal One,1890)

• Sonar Tari (The Golden Boat,1894)

• Gitanjali (Song Offerings,1910)

• Gitimalya (Wreath of Songs,1914)

• Balaka (The Flight of Cranes,1916)

Plays:

• Raja (1910) [The King of the Dark Chamber]. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect.

• Dakghar (The Post Office,1912)

• Achalayatan (The Immovable,1912)

• Muktadhara (The Waterfall,1922)

• Raktakaravi (Red Oleanders,1926)

Short stories and Novels:

• Gora (1910),

• Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World, 1916) and

• Yogayog (Crosscurrents, 1929)