DAY – 39 : Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2025 : MODERN INDIA

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• Question 1 of 30 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding early Portuguese activities in India: They aimed to establish a maritime empire to control the spice trade, often referred to as ‘Estado da Índia’. Alfonso de Albuquerque advocated for intermarriage between Portuguese men and local women to secure a permanent population base. The Portuguese introduced the ‘Cartaz’ system, requiring Indian ships to purchase passes for trading in the Indian Ocean. Which of the statements given above are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Correct Solution: D All three statements are correct. Statement 1: The Portuguese aimed to control maritime trade routes in the Indian Ocean, establishing fortified posts and controlling trade – this system was known as ‘Estado da Índia’ (State of India). Statement 2: Alfonso de Albuquerque, the second governor of Portuguese India, encouraged Portuguese soldiers and settlers to marry local women to create a loyal Luso-Indian population and secure their presence. Statement 3: The ‘Cartaz’ was a naval trade license or pass issued by the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean during the 16th century. Ships which did not purchase the cartaz were liable to be confiscated and their crew killed. Incorrect Solution: D All three statements are correct. Statement 1: The Portuguese aimed to control maritime trade routes in the Indian Ocean, establishing fortified posts and controlling trade – this system was known as ‘Estado da Índia’ (State of India). Statement 2: Alfonso de Albuquerque, the second governor of Portuguese India, encouraged Portuguese soldiers and settlers to marry local women to create a loyal Luso-Indian population and secure their presence. Statement 3: The ‘Cartaz’ was a naval trade license or pass issued by the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean during the 16th century. Ships which did not purchase the cartaz were liable to be confiscated and their crew killed.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding early Portuguese activities in India:

• They aimed to establish a maritime empire to control the spice trade, often referred to as ‘Estado da Índia’.

• Alfonso de Albuquerque advocated for intermarriage between Portuguese men and local women to secure a permanent population base.

• The Portuguese introduced the ‘Cartaz’ system, requiring Indian ships to purchase passes for trading in the Indian Ocean.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

• (a) 1 and 2 only

• (b) 2 and 3 only

• (c) 1 and 3 only

• (d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: D

All three statements are correct.

Statement 1: The Portuguese aimed to control maritime trade routes in the Indian Ocean, establishing fortified posts and controlling trade – this system was known as ‘Estado da Índia’ (State of India).

Statement 2: Alfonso de Albuquerque, the second governor of Portuguese India, encouraged Portuguese soldiers and settlers to marry local women to create a loyal Luso-Indian population and secure their presence.

Statement 3: The ‘Cartaz’ was a naval trade license or pass issued by the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean during the 16th century. Ships which did not purchase the cartaz were liable to be confiscated and their crew killed.

Solution: D

All three statements are correct.

• Question 2 of 30 2. Question 1 points With reference to the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in India, consider the following: Their primary interest initially lay more in the Indonesian archipelago than in mainland India. They established their first factory in India at Masulipatnam. The Battle of Colachel (1741) marked a significant defeat for the Dutch against the Travancore kingdom. How many of the statements given above are correct? (a) Only one statement (b) Only two statements (c) All three statements (d) None of the statements Correct Solution: C All three statements are correct. Statement 1: The Dutch VOC’s primary focus was initially on the spice-rich islands of Indonesia (especially Java, Sumatra, and the Moluccas), though they maintained significant trading posts in India. Statement 2: The Dutch established their first factory in India at Masulipatnam (present-day Andhra Pradesh) in 1605. Statement 3: The Battle of Colachel (1741) was a decisive victory for the forces of Maharaja Marthanda Varma of Travancore over the Dutch East India Company, effectively ending major Dutch expansionist ambitions in Kerala. Incorrect Solution: C All three statements are correct. Statement 1: The Dutch VOC’s primary focus was initially on the spice-rich islands of Indonesia (especially Java, Sumatra, and the Moluccas), though they maintained significant trading posts in India. Statement 2: The Dutch established their first factory in India at Masulipatnam (present-day Andhra Pradesh) in 1605. Statement 3: The Battle of Colachel (1741) was a decisive victory for the forces of Maharaja Marthanda Varma of Travancore over the Dutch East India Company, effectively ending major Dutch expansionist ambitions in Kerala.

#### 2. Question

With reference to the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in India, consider the following:

• Their primary interest initially lay more in the Indonesian archipelago than in mainland India.

• They established their first factory in India at Masulipatnam.

• The Battle of Colachel (1741) marked a significant defeat for the Dutch against the Travancore kingdom.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

• (a) Only one statement

• (b) Only two statements

• (c) All three statements

• (d) None of the statements

Solution: C

All three statements are correct.

Statement 1: The Dutch VOC’s primary focus was initially on the spice-rich islands of Indonesia (especially Java, Sumatra, and the Moluccas), though they maintained significant trading posts in India.

Statement 2: The Dutch established their first factory in India at Masulipatnam (present-day Andhra Pradesh) in 1605.

Statement 3: The Battle of Colachel (1741) was a decisive victory for the forces of Maharaja Marthanda Varma of Travancore over the Dutch East India Company, effectively ending major Dutch expansionist ambitions in Kerala.

Solution: C

All three statements are correct.

Statement 2: The Dutch established their first factory in India at Masulipatnam (present-day Andhra Pradesh) in 1605.

• Question 3 of 30 3. Question 1 points Consider the following pairs regarding European settlements in India: Settlement European Power Pondicherry French Diu Portuguese Tranquebar Dutch How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? (a) Only one pair (b) Only two pairs (c) All three pairs (d) None of the pairs Correct Solution: B Pair 1 is correctly matched: Pondicherry was the main French settlement in India. Pair 2 is correctly matched: Diu was a Portuguese colony from 1535 until annexed by India in 1961. Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: Tranquebar (Tharangambadi) was a Danish settlement, not Dutch. The main Dutch settlements included Pulicat, Surat, Chinsurah, Cochin, etc. Therefore, only two pairs (1 and 2) are correctly matched. Incorrect Solution: B Pair 1 is correctly matched: Pondicherry was the main French settlement in India. Pair 2 is correctly matched: Diu was a Portuguese colony from 1535 until annexed by India in 1961. Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: Tranquebar (Tharangambadi) was a Danish settlement, not Dutch. The main Dutch settlements included Pulicat, Surat, Chinsurah, Cochin, etc. Therefore, only two pairs (1 and 2) are correctly matched.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following pairs regarding European settlements in India:

Settlement | European Power

Pondicherry | French

Diu | Portuguese

Tranquebar | Dutch

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

• (a) Only one pair

• (b) Only two pairs

• (c) All three pairs

• (d) None of the pairs

Solution: B

Pair 1 is correctly matched: Pondicherry was the main French settlement in India.

Pair 2 is correctly matched: Diu was a Portuguese colony from 1535 until annexed by India in 1961.

Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: Tranquebar (Tharangambadi) was a Danish settlement, not Dutch. The main Dutch settlements included Pulicat, Surat, Chinsurah, Cochin, etc. Therefore, only two pairs (1 and 2) are correctly matched.

Solution: B

Pair 1 is correctly matched: Pondicherry was the main French settlement in India.

Pair 2 is correctly matched: Diu was a Portuguese colony from 1535 until annexed by India in 1961.

• Question 4 of 30 4. Question 1 points Match the following early political organizations with their founders: Early Political Organizations Founders A. East India Association 1. Mahadev Govind Ranade B. Bombay Association 2. Dadabhai Naoroji C. Poona Sarvajanik Sabha 3. Jagannath Shankarshet D. Madras Mahajan Sabha 4. B. Subramaniya Aiyyar Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4 (b) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 (c) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3 (d) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 Correct Solution: A East India Association → Dadabhai Naoroji (1867) Founded in London to voice Indian grievances in British Parliament. It aimed to influence British public opinion in favor of India and was the precursor to more organized political movements in India. Bombay Association → Jagannath Shankarshet (1852) One of the first political associations in Bombay (now Mumbai). Formed by leading lawyers, businessmen, and landlords to represent Indian interests to the British authorities. Poona Sarvajanik Sabha → Mahadev Govind Ranade (1870) Established in Pune to create political consciousness among people. It acted as a bridge between the government and the people, especially advocating for the cause of Indian peasants and the poor. Madras Mahajan Sabha → B. Subramaniya Aiyyar (1884) Founded to promote nationalist sentiments in South India. Played a major role in the founding of the Indian National Congress (1885) by representing southern interests. Incorrect Solution: A East India Association → Dadabhai Naoroji (1867) Founded in London to voice Indian grievances in British Parliament. It aimed to influence British public opinion in favor of India and was the precursor to more organized political movements in India. Bombay Association → Jagannath Shankarshet (1852) One of the first political associations in Bombay (now Mumbai). Formed by leading lawyers, businessmen, and landlords to represent Indian interests to the British authorities. Poona Sarvajanik Sabha → Mahadev Govind Ranade (1870) Established in Pune to create political consciousness among people. It acted as a bridge between the government and the people, especially advocating for the cause of Indian peasants and the poor. Madras Mahajan Sabha → B. Subramaniya Aiyyar (1884) Founded to promote nationalist sentiments in South India. Played a major role in the founding of the Indian National Congress (1885) by representing southern interests.

#### 4. Question

Match the following early political organizations with their founders:

Early Political Organizations | Founders

A. East India Association | 1. Mahadev Govind Ranade

B. Bombay Association | 2. Dadabhai Naoroji

C. Poona Sarvajanik Sabha | 3. Jagannath Shankarshet

D. Madras Mahajan Sabha | 4. B. Subramaniya Aiyyar

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

• (a) A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4

• (b) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

• (c) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

• (d) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

Solution: A

• East India Association → Dadabhai Naoroji (1867)

• Founded in London to voice Indian grievances in British Parliament.

• It aimed to influence British public opinion in favor of India and was the precursor to more organized political movements in India.

• Bombay Association → Jagannath Shankarshet (1852)

• One of the first political associations in Bombay (now Mumbai).

• Formed by leading lawyers, businessmen, and landlords to represent Indian interests to the British authorities.

• Poona Sarvajanik Sabha → Mahadev Govind Ranade (1870)

• Established in Pune to create political consciousness among people.

• It acted as a bridge between the government and the people, especially advocating for the cause of Indian peasants and the poor.

• Madras Mahajan Sabha → B. Subramaniya Aiyyar (1884)

• Founded to promote nationalist sentiments in South India.

• Played a major role in the founding of the Indian National Congress (1885) by representing southern interests.

Solution: A

• East India Association → Dadabhai Naoroji (1867)

• Founded in London to voice Indian grievances in British Parliament.

• It aimed to influence British public opinion in favor of India and was the precursor to more organized political movements in India.

• Bombay Association → Jagannath Shankarshet (1852)

• One of the first political associations in Bombay (now Mumbai).

• Formed by leading lawyers, businessmen, and landlords to represent Indian interests to the British authorities.

• Poona Sarvajanik Sabha → Mahadev Govind Ranade (1870)

• Established in Pune to create political consciousness among people.

• It acted as a bridge between the government and the people, especially advocating for the cause of Indian peasants and the poor.

• Madras Mahajan Sabha → B. Subramaniya Aiyyar (1884)

• Founded to promote nationalist sentiments in South India.

• Played a major role in the founding of the Indian National Congress (1885) by representing southern interests.

• Question 5 of 30 5. Question 1 points Which of the following statements best explains the primary reason for the failure of the French East India Company against the British East India Company in India during the 18th century? (a) Frequent change of British leadership led to French dominance in key regions. (b) The French East India Company enjoyed complete autonomy from its government, allowing quick decisions. (c) Superior French naval strength consistently outmatched the British Royal Navy. (d) Excessive control and interference by the French government delayed crucial decisions and weakened French efforts. Correct Solution: D Explanation: Excessive French Government Control: The French East India Company operated under strict control of the French government, delaying decisions and weakening operational efficiency. (Hence d is correct) (a) is incorrect because, British leadership remained relatively stable, and British alliances and military strategies ensured their dominance. (b) is incorrect because, unlike the British Company, the French lacked financial independence and strategic flexibility due to government bureaucracy. (c) is incorrect because, the British Royal Navy was superior; crucial victories like the Battle of Wandiwash (1760) marked British naval and military dominance. Other Important Factors for French Defeat (Additional Points): Limited Financial Resources: The French Company lacked funds compared to the richer British East India Company. Focused on European Wars: France diverted attention to wars in Europe (e.g., Seven Years’ War), weakening its Indian efforts. Failure to Build Strong Local Alliances: British alliances (e.g., with Mir Jafar in Bengal) proved stronger compared to French attempts. Incorrect Solution: D Explanation: Excessive French Government Control: The French East India Company operated under strict control of the French government, delaying decisions and weakening operational efficiency. (Hence d is correct) (a) is incorrect because, British leadership remained relatively stable, and British alliances and military strategies ensured their dominance. (b) is incorrect because, unlike the British Company, the French lacked financial independence and strategic flexibility due to government bureaucracy. (c) is incorrect because, the British Royal Navy was superior; crucial victories like the Battle of Wandiwash (1760) marked British naval and military dominance. Other Important Factors for French Defeat (Additional Points): Limited Financial Resources: The French Company lacked funds compared to the richer British East India Company. Focused on European Wars: France diverted attention to wars in Europe (e.g., Seven Years’ War), weakening its Indian efforts. Failure to Build Strong Local Alliances: British alliances (e.g., with Mir Jafar in Bengal) proved stronger compared to French attempts.

#### 5. Question

Which of the following statements best explains the primary reason for the failure of the French East India Company against the British East India Company in India during the 18th century?

• (a) Frequent change of British leadership led to French dominance in key regions.

• (b) The French East India Company enjoyed complete autonomy from its government, allowing quick decisions.

• (c) Superior French naval strength consistently outmatched the British Royal Navy.

• (d) Excessive control and interference by the French government delayed crucial decisions and weakened French efforts.

Solution: D

Explanation:

• Excessive French Government Control: The French East India Company operated under strict control of the French government, delaying decisions and weakening operational efficiency. (Hence d is correct)

• (a) is incorrect because, British leadership remained relatively stable, and British alliances and military strategies ensured their dominance.

• (b) is incorrect because, unlike the British Company, the French lacked financial independence and strategic flexibility due to government bureaucracy.

• (c) is incorrect because, the British Royal Navy was superior; crucial victories like the Battle of Wandiwash (1760) marked British naval and military dominance.

Other Important Factors for French Defeat (Additional Points):

• Limited Financial Resources: The French Company lacked funds compared to the richer British East India Company.

• Focused on European Wars: France diverted attention to wars in Europe (e.g., Seven Years’ War), weakening its Indian efforts.

• Failure to Build Strong Local Alliances: British alliances (e.g., with Mir Jafar in Bengal) proved stronger compared to French attempts.

Solution: D

Explanation:

• (a) is incorrect because, British leadership remained relatively stable, and British alliances and military strategies ensured their dominance.

• (b) is incorrect because, unlike the British Company, the French lacked financial independence and strategic flexibility due to government bureaucracy.

• (c) is incorrect because, the British Royal Navy was superior; crucial victories like the Battle of Wandiwash (1760) marked British naval and military dominance.

Other Important Factors for French Defeat (Additional Points):

• Limited Financial Resources: The French Company lacked funds compared to the richer British East India Company.

• Focused on European Wars: France diverted attention to wars in Europe (e.g., Seven Years’ War), weakening its Indian efforts.

• Failure to Build Strong Local Alliances: British alliances (e.g., with Mir Jafar in Bengal) proved stronger compared to French attempts.

• Question 6 of 30 6. Question 1 points Consider the following factors contributing to the Revolt of 1857: The policy of ‘Doctrine of Lapse’ implemented by Lord Dalhousie. Activities of Christian missionaries perceived as interference in local customs. Introduction of the Enfield Rifle with greased cartridges. The General Service Enlistment Act of 1856 requiring sepoys to serve overseas if needed. Which of the above were socio-religious or military causes of the revolt? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 and 4 only (c) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Correct Solution: C Statement 1 (Doctrine of Lapse) was a major political cause, alienating ruling families. Statement 2 (Missionary activities) was a significant socio-religious cause, creating apprehension about forced conversions and interference with customs. Statement 3 (Greased cartridges) was the immediate military cause, offending the religious sentiments of both Hindu and Muslim sepoys. Statement 4 (General Service Enlistment Act) was a military cause, as it disregarded the caste taboo among some Hindu communities against crossing the sea. The question asks for socio-religious or military causes. Therefore, statements 2, 3, and 4 fit this description. Incorrect Solution: C Statement 1 (Doctrine of Lapse) was a major political cause, alienating ruling families. Statement 2 (Missionary activities) was a significant socio-religious cause, creating apprehension about forced conversions and interference with customs. Statement 3 (Greased cartridges) was the immediate military cause, offending the religious sentiments of both Hindu and Muslim sepoys. Statement 4 (General Service Enlistment Act) was a military cause, as it disregarded the caste taboo among some Hindu communities against crossing the sea. The question asks for socio-religious or military causes. Therefore, statements 2, 3, and 4 fit this description.

#### 6. Question

Consider the following factors contributing to the Revolt of 1857:

• The policy of ‘Doctrine of Lapse’ implemented by Lord Dalhousie.

• Activities of Christian missionaries perceived as interference in local customs.

• Introduction of the Enfield Rifle with greased cartridges.

• The General Service Enlistment Act of 1856 requiring sepoys to serve overseas if needed.

Which of the above were socio-religious or military causes of the revolt?

• (a) 1 and 2 only

• (b) 3 and 4 only

• (c) 2, 3 and 4 only

• (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Solution: C

Statement 1 (Doctrine of Lapse) was a major political cause, alienating ruling families.

Statement 2 (Missionary activities) was a significant socio-religious cause, creating apprehension about forced conversions and interference with customs.

Statement 3 (Greased cartridges) was the immediate military cause, offending the religious sentiments of both Hindu and Muslim sepoys.

Statement 4 (General Service Enlistment Act) was a military cause, as it disregarded the caste taboo among some Hindu communities against crossing the sea.

The question asks for socio-religious or military causes. Therefore, statements 2, 3, and 4 fit this description.

Solution: C

Statement 1 (Doctrine of Lapse) was a major political cause, alienating ruling families.

Statement 2 (Missionary activities) was a significant socio-religious cause, creating apprehension about forced conversions and interference with customs.

Statement 3 (Greased cartridges) was the immediate military cause, offending the religious sentiments of both Hindu and Muslim sepoys.

Statement 4 (General Service Enlistment Act) was a military cause, as it disregarded the caste taboo among some Hindu communities against crossing the sea.

The question asks for socio-religious or military causes. Therefore, statements 2, 3, and 4 fit this description.

• Question 7 of 30 7. Question 1 points The Indian Association, founded by Surendranath Banerjea and Anand Mohan Bose in 1876, had which of the following objectives? Creating a strong public opinion on political questions. Uniting Indian people on a common political programme. Promoting friendly relations between Hindus and Muslims. Advocating for simultaneous ICS examinations in India and England. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 only (c) 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Correct Solution: D All four statements reflect the key objectives and activities of the Indian Association. Statement 1: It aimed to mobilize educated public opinion on national issues through meetings, lectures, and publications. Statement 2: A major goal was to unify diverse Indian groups under a common political platform, transcending regional and sectarian divides. Statement 3: Promoting Hindu-Muslim unity was an explicit aim to foster broader national consciousness. Statement 4: It actively campaigned against discriminatory policies like the reduction of the age limit for the ICS examination and advocated for simultaneous exams in India and England to provide fairer opportunities for Indians. Incorrect Solution: D All four statements reflect the key objectives and activities of the Indian Association. Statement 1: It aimed to mobilize educated public opinion on national issues through meetings, lectures, and publications. Statement 2: A major goal was to unify diverse Indian groups under a common political platform, transcending regional and sectarian divides. Statement 3: Promoting Hindu-Muslim unity was an explicit aim to foster broader national consciousness. Statement 4: It actively campaigned against discriminatory policies like the reduction of the age limit for the ICS examination and advocated for simultaneous exams in India and England to provide fairer opportunities for Indians.

#### 7. Question

The Indian Association, founded by Surendranath Banerjea and Anand Mohan Bose in 1876, had which of the following objectives?

• Creating a strong public opinion on political questions.

• Uniting Indian people on a common political programme.

• Promoting friendly relations between Hindus and Muslims.

• Advocating for simultaneous ICS examinations in India and England.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• (a) 1 and 2 only

• (b) 1, 2 and 4 only

• (c) 3 and 4 only

• (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Solution: D

All four statements reflect the key objectives and activities of the Indian Association.

Statement 1: It aimed to mobilize educated public opinion on national issues through meetings, lectures, and publications.

Statement 2: A major goal was to unify diverse Indian groups under a common political platform, transcending regional and sectarian divides.

Statement 3: Promoting Hindu-Muslim unity was an explicit aim to foster broader national consciousness.

Statement 4: It actively campaigned against discriminatory policies like the reduction of the age limit for the ICS examination and advocated for simultaneous exams in India and England to provide fairer opportunities for Indians.

Solution: D

All four statements reflect the key objectives and activities of the Indian Association.

Statement 1: It aimed to mobilize educated public opinion on national issues through meetings, lectures, and publications.

Statement 2: A major goal was to unify diverse Indian groups under a common political platform, transcending regional and sectarian divides.

Statement 3: Promoting Hindu-Muslim unity was an explicit aim to foster broader national consciousness.

• Question 8 of 30 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statement: Statement I: The Revolt of 1857 failed to overthrow British rule in India completely. Statement II: The revolt lacked unified leadership, a common plan, modern weaponry, and support from all sections of Indian society, including many princely states and educated elites. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement I (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II is not the correct explanation for Statement I (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect (d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Correct Solution: A Statement I is correct: The Revolt of 1857, despite its scale and intensity, ultimately failed to end British rule in India. Statement II is correct: Several factors contributed to the failure, including the lack of a unified command structure and coordinated plan across different centers, the absence of a shared future vision among leaders, inferior weaponry and resources compared to the British, and the lack of widespread support. Many princely states remained loyal to the British, and the newly emerging Western-educated Indian middle class generally did not support the revolt, viewing it as backward-looking. Statement II provides the key reasons explaining why the event described in Statement I occurred. Therefore, Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement I. Incorrect Solution: A Statement I is correct: The Revolt of 1857, despite its scale and intensity, ultimately failed to end British rule in India. Statement II is correct: Several factors contributed to the failure, including the lack of a unified command structure and coordinated plan across different centers, the absence of a shared future vision among leaders, inferior weaponry and resources compared to the British, and the lack of widespread support. Many princely states remained loyal to the British, and the newly emerging Western-educated Indian middle class generally did not support the revolt, viewing it as backward-looking. Statement II provides the key reasons explaining why the event described in Statement I occurred. Therefore, Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement I.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statement:

Statement I: The Revolt of 1857 failed to overthrow British rule in India completely.

Statement II: The revolt lacked unified leadership, a common plan, modern weaponry, and support from all sections of Indian society, including many princely states and educated elites.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement I

• (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II is not the correct explanation for Statement I

• (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

• (d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

Solution: A

Statement I is correct: The Revolt of 1857, despite its scale and intensity, ultimately failed to end British rule in India.

Statement II is correct: Several factors contributed to the failure, including the lack of a unified command structure and coordinated plan across different centers, the absence of a shared future vision among leaders, inferior weaponry and resources compared to the British, and the lack of widespread support. Many princely states remained loyal to the British, and the newly emerging Western-educated Indian middle class generally did not support the revolt, viewing it as backward-looking. Statement II provides the key reasons explaining why the event described in Statement I occurred. Therefore, Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement I.

Solution: A

Statement I is correct: The Revolt of 1857, despite its scale and intensity, ultimately failed to end British rule in India.

• Question 9 of 30 9. Question 1 points The Government of India Act 1858, enacted after the Revolt of 1857, resulted in which of the following significant changes? Transfer of power from the East India Company to the British Crown. Creation of the office of the Secretary of State for India, assisted by a Council of India. Abolition of the Board of Control and Court of Directors. 4. Guaranteeing the territorial integrity of the remaining Princely States. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Correct Solution: D All four statements accurately describe major consequences enshrined in or resulting directly from the Government of India Act 1858 and the subsequent Queen’s Proclamation. Statement 1: The Act formally ended the rule of the East India Company and transferred governance directly to the British Crown. Statement 2: It created the post of Secretary of State for India, a member of the British cabinet, responsible for Indian affairs, advised by a 15-member Council of India. Statement 3: The Act abolished the Company’s governing bodies in London – the Board of Control (representing the Crown) and the Court of Directors (representing the Company). Statement 4: The Queen’s Proclamation (1858) assured Indian princes that their territories would be respected and the policy of annexation (like the Doctrine of Lapse) would be abandoned, seeking to secure their loyalty as allies. Incorrect Solution: D All four statements accurately describe major consequences enshrined in or resulting directly from the Government of India Act 1858 and the subsequent Queen’s Proclamation. Statement 1: The Act formally ended the rule of the East India Company and transferred governance directly to the British Crown. Statement 2: It created the post of Secretary of State for India, a member of the British cabinet, responsible for Indian affairs, advised by a 15-member Council of India. Statement 3: The Act abolished the Company’s governing bodies in London – the Board of Control (representing the Crown) and the Court of Directors (representing the Company). Statement 4: The Queen’s Proclamation (1858) assured Indian princes that their territories would be respected and the policy of annexation (like the Doctrine of Lapse) would be abandoned, seeking to secure their loyalty as allies.

#### 9. Question

The Government of India Act 1858, enacted after the Revolt of 1857, resulted in which of the following significant changes?

• Transfer of power from the East India Company to the British Crown.

• Creation of the office of the Secretary of State for India, assisted by a Council of India.

• Abolition of the Board of Control and Court of Directors. 4. Guaranteeing the territorial integrity of the remaining Princely States.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• (a) 1 and 2 only

• (b) 1, 2 and 3 only

• (c) 3 and 4 only

• (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Solution: D

All four statements accurately describe major consequences enshrined in or resulting directly from the Government of India Act 1858 and the subsequent Queen’s Proclamation.

Statement 1: The Act formally ended the rule of the East India Company and transferred governance directly to the British Crown.

Statement 2: It created the post of Secretary of State for India, a member of the British cabinet, responsible for Indian affairs, advised by a 15-member Council of India.

Statement 3: The Act abolished the Company’s governing bodies in London – the Board of Control (representing the Crown) and the Court of Directors (representing the Company).

Statement 4: The Queen’s Proclamation (1858) assured Indian princes that their territories would be respected and the policy of annexation (like the Doctrine of Lapse) would be abandoned, seeking to secure their loyalty as allies.

Solution: D

All four statements accurately describe major consequences enshrined in or resulting directly from the Government of India Act 1858 and the subsequent Queen’s Proclamation.

Statement 1: The Act formally ended the rule of the East India Company and transferred governance directly to the British Crown.

Statement 2: It created the post of Secretary of State for India, a member of the British cabinet, responsible for Indian affairs, advised by a 15-member Council of India.

Statement 3: The Act abolished the Company’s governing bodies in London – the Board of Control (representing the Crown) and the Court of Directors (representing the Company).

• Question 10 of 30 10. Question 1 points Which perspective argues that the 1857 Revolt was the “First War of Indian Independence”? (a) Primarily British historians viewing it as a sepoy mutiny confined to North India. (b) Marxist historians analyzing it as a struggle against feudal and foreign exploitation. (c) Nationalist historians emphasizing the widespread participation and anti-British sentiment. (d) Subaltern historians focusing on the autonomous role of peasants and tribal communities. Correct Solution: C The characterization of the 1857 Revolt as the “First War of Indian Independence” was prominently put forth by nationalist historians and figures (like V.D. Savarkar in his book of the same name). This perspective emphasizes the anti-British sentiment, the participation of various sections of society beyond just the sepoys, and the attempt, however fragmented, to overthrow foreign rule. Incorrect Solution: C The characterization of the 1857 Revolt as the “First War of Indian Independence” was prominently put forth by nationalist historians and figures (like V.D. Savarkar in his book of the same name). This perspective emphasizes the anti-British sentiment, the participation of various sections of society beyond just the sepoys, and the attempt, however fragmented, to overthrow foreign rule.

#### 10. Question

Which perspective argues that the 1857 Revolt was the “First War of Indian Independence”?

• (a) Primarily British historians viewing it as a sepoy mutiny confined to North India.

• (b) Marxist historians analyzing it as a struggle against feudal and foreign exploitation.

• (c) Nationalist historians emphasizing the widespread participation and anti-British sentiment.

• (d) Subaltern historians focusing on the autonomous role of peasants and tribal communities.

Solution: C

The characterization of the 1857 Revolt as the “First War of Indian Independence” was prominently put forth by nationalist historians and figures (like V.D. Savarkar in his book of the same name). This perspective emphasizes the anti-British sentiment, the participation of various sections of society beyond just the sepoys, and the attempt, however fragmented, to overthrow foreign rule.

Solution: C

• Question 11 of 30 11. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: The foundation of Pondicherry was laid in the year 1673 after the French Company successfully obtained firman from the Qiladar of Valikondapurarm. Sikander Adil Shah leased out Madras to the British and allowed them to fortify it. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: A The foundation of Pondicherry was laid in 1673 when the French East India Company obtained a firman (royal order) from the Qiladar of Valikondapuram, under the Sultan of Bijapur. (Hence statement 1 is correct) In 1639, Francis Day was able to obtain Madras on lease from Damarla Venkatadri Nayaka of Wandiwash; the ruler gave over to the East India Company a three-mile-long strip of land, a fishing village called Madrasapatam– copies of which were endorsed by Andrew Cogan, the Chief of Masulipatam factory. The ruler allowed the English to fortify Madras, to administer it and to coin money on the condition that English will pay him half the customs revenue of the port. Thus, the English set up a factory and built a small Fort around it, called Fort Saint George. Hence statement 2 is incorrect Incorrect Solution: A The foundation of Pondicherry was laid in 1673 when the French East India Company obtained a firman (royal order) from the Qiladar of Valikondapuram, under the Sultan of Bijapur. (Hence statement 1 is correct) In 1639, Francis Day was able to obtain Madras on lease from Damarla Venkatadri Nayaka of Wandiwash; the ruler gave over to the East India Company a three-mile-long strip of land, a fishing village called Madrasapatam– copies of which were endorsed by Andrew Cogan, the Chief of Masulipatam factory. The ruler allowed the English to fortify Madras, to administer it and to coin money on the condition that English will pay him half the customs revenue of the port. Thus, the English set up a factory and built a small Fort around it, called Fort Saint George. Hence statement 2 is incorrect

#### 11. Question

Consider the following statements:

• The foundation of Pondicherry was laid in the year 1673 after the French Company successfully obtained firman from the Qiladar of Valikondapurarm.

• Sikander Adil Shah leased out Madras to the British and allowed them to fortify it.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: A

• The foundation of Pondicherry was laid in 1673 when the French East India Company obtained a firman (royal order) from the Qiladar of Valikondapuram, under the Sultan of Bijapur. (Hence statement 1 is correct)

• In 1639, Francis Day was able to obtain Madras on lease from Damarla Venkatadri Nayaka of Wandiwash; the ruler gave over to the East India Company a three-mile-long strip of land, a fishing village called Madrasapatam– copies of which were endorsed by Andrew Cogan, the Chief of Masulipatam factory.

• The ruler allowed the English to fortify Madras, to administer it and to coin money on the condition that English will pay him half the customs revenue of the port.

• Thus, the English set up a factory and built a small Fort around it, called Fort Saint George.

Hence statement 2 is incorrect

Solution: A

• The ruler allowed the English to fortify Madras, to administer it and to coin money on the condition that English will pay him half the customs revenue of the port.

• Thus, the English set up a factory and built a small Fort around it, called Fort Saint George.

Hence statement 2 is incorrect

• Question 12 of 30 12. Question 1 points Consider the following pairs: Portuguese Governor : Major achievement Alfonzo-de-Albuquerque : Construction of Anjediva fort Nino-de- Cunha : Goa established as official Portuguese capital in India Francisco De Almeida : Adoption of Blue Water Policy How many of the pairs given above are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Alfonzo-de-Albuquerque was the greatest Portuguese victory in India and is also called the real founder of Portuguese power in India. He set up his headquarter at Cochin In 1509 he conquered Diu and in 1510 he conquered Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur and with this, the regional Kingdom of Portuguese in India was established Hence pair 1 is incorrect Nino-de- Cunha in 1530 transferred the government head office from Cochin to Goa, thus making Goa the official capital of the Portuguese in India. Hence pair 2 is correct Francisco De Almeida was appointed as the first Portuguese victory of India for a period of 3 years. He adopted the Blue Water policy with an aim to establish Naval supremacy of the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean rather than over land He is credited with the construction of Fort Anjediva on the Anjediva Island lying at the border of Muslim Bijapur and Hindu Vijayanagara States. Hence pair 3 is correct Incorrect Solution: B Alfonzo-de-Albuquerque was the greatest Portuguese victory in India and is also called the real founder of Portuguese power in India. He set up his headquarter at Cochin In 1509 he conquered Diu and in 1510 he conquered Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur and with this, the regional Kingdom of Portuguese in India was established Hence pair 1 is incorrect Nino-de- Cunha in 1530 transferred the government head office from Cochin to Goa, thus making Goa the official capital of the Portuguese in India. Hence pair 2 is correct Francisco De Almeida was appointed as the first Portuguese victory of India for a period of 3 years. He adopted the Blue Water policy with an aim to establish Naval supremacy of the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean rather than over land He is credited with the construction of Fort Anjediva on the Anjediva Island lying at the border of Muslim Bijapur and Hindu Vijayanagara States. Hence pair 3 is correct

#### 12. Question

Consider the following pairs:

Portuguese Governor : Major achievement

• Alfonzo-de-Albuquerque : Construction of Anjediva fort

• Nino-de- Cunha : Goa established as official Portuguese capital in India

• Francisco De Almeida : Adoption of Blue Water Policy

How many of the pairs given above are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• Alfonzo-de-Albuquerque was the greatest Portuguese victory in India and is also called the real founder of Portuguese power in India.

• He set up his headquarter at Cochin

• In 1509 he conquered Diu and in 1510 he conquered Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur and with this, the regional Kingdom of Portuguese in India was established

Hence pair 1 is incorrect

• Nino-de- Cunha in 1530 transferred the government head office from Cochin to Goa, thus making Goa the official capital of the Portuguese in India.

Hence pair 2 is correct

• Francisco De Almeida was appointed as the first Portuguese victory of India for a period of 3 years.

• He adopted the Blue Water policy with an aim to establish Naval supremacy of the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean rather than over land

• He is credited with the construction of Fort Anjediva on the Anjediva Island lying at the border of Muslim Bijapur and Hindu Vijayanagara States.

Hence pair 3 is correct

Solution: B

• Alfonzo-de-Albuquerque was the greatest Portuguese victory in India and is also called the real founder of Portuguese power in India.

• He set up his headquarter at Cochin

• In 1509 he conquered Diu and in 1510 he conquered Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur and with this, the regional Kingdom of Portuguese in India was established

Hence pair 1 is incorrect

• Nino-de- Cunha in 1530 transferred the government head office from Cochin to Goa, thus making Goa the official capital of the Portuguese in India.

Hence pair 2 is correct

• Francisco De Almeida was appointed as the first Portuguese victory of India for a period of 3 years.

• He adopted the Blue Water policy with an aim to establish Naval supremacy of the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean rather than over land

• He is credited with the construction of Fort Anjediva on the Anjediva Island lying at the border of Muslim Bijapur and Hindu Vijayanagara States.

Hence pair 3 is correct

• Question 13 of 30 13. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: Statement – I: The Inam Commission of 1852 added to the grievances that led to the revolt of 1857. Statement – II: The recommendations of the Inam Commission of 1852 resulted in confiscation of several lands that were exempt from paying revenue to the ruling authority. Which of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement -I and Statement -II are correct and Statement -II explains Statement -I (b) Both Statement -I and Statement -II are correct but Statement -II does not explain Statement -I (c) Statement- I is correct but Statement -II is incorrect (d) Statement- I is incorrect but Statement -II is correct Correct Solution: A Inam lands were actually land grants that were exempt from paying taxes to the ruling authority; these lands were given for religious, charitable or service purposes. The British constituted the Inam commission in 1852 to investigate and verify ownership of Inam lands. The commission aimed to systematize land revenue collection and consolidate British control over land ownership. The commission’s investigations led to confiscation of numerous Inam lands, specially when owners failed to produce sufficient evidence to prove the validity of their grants This issue contributed to the grievances that fuelled the Revolt of 1857 The recommendations of the Commission, particularly seizure of land from landlords created significant economic and political discontent and further fuelled the already tensed situations prior to the outbreak of the revolt of 1857. Hence statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 correctly explains statement 1 Incorrect Solution: A Inam lands were actually land grants that were exempt from paying taxes to the ruling authority; these lands were given for religious, charitable or service purposes. The British constituted the Inam commission in 1852 to investigate and verify ownership of Inam lands. The commission aimed to systematize land revenue collection and consolidate British control over land ownership. The commission’s investigations led to confiscation of numerous Inam lands, specially when owners failed to produce sufficient evidence to prove the validity of their grants This issue contributed to the grievances that fuelled the Revolt of 1857 The recommendations of the Commission, particularly seizure of land from landlords created significant economic and political discontent and further fuelled the already tensed situations prior to the outbreak of the revolt of 1857. Hence statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 correctly explains statement 1

#### 13. Question

Consider the following statements:

Statement – I: The Inam Commission of 1852 added to the grievances that led to the revolt of 1857.

Statement – II: The recommendations of the Inam Commission of 1852 resulted in confiscation of several lands that were exempt from paying revenue to the ruling authority.

Which of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement -I and Statement -II are correct and Statement -II explains Statement -I

• (b) Both Statement -I and Statement -II are correct but Statement -II does not explain Statement -I

• (c) Statement- I is correct but Statement -II is incorrect

• (d) Statement- I is incorrect but Statement -II is correct

Solution: A

• Inam lands were actually land grants that were exempt from paying taxes to the ruling authority; these lands were given for religious, charitable or service purposes.

• The British constituted the Inam commission in 1852 to investigate and verify ownership of Inam lands.

• The commission aimed to systematize land revenue collection and consolidate British control over land ownership.

• The commission’s investigations led to confiscation of numerous Inam lands, specially when owners failed to produce sufficient evidence to prove the validity of their grants

• This issue contributed to the grievances that fuelled the Revolt of 1857

• The recommendations of the Commission, particularly seizure of land from landlords created significant economic and political discontent and further fuelled the already tensed situations prior to the outbreak of the revolt of 1857.

Hence statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 correctly explains statement 1

Solution: A

• Inam lands were actually land grants that were exempt from paying taxes to the ruling authority; these lands were given for religious, charitable or service purposes.

• The British constituted the Inam commission in 1852 to investigate and verify ownership of Inam lands.

• The commission aimed to systematize land revenue collection and consolidate British control over land ownership.

• The commission’s investigations led to confiscation of numerous Inam lands, specially when owners failed to produce sufficient evidence to prove the validity of their grants

• This issue contributed to the grievances that fuelled the Revolt of 1857

Hence statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 correctly explains statement 1

• Question 14 of 30 14. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the East India Association (EIA): It was founded in London to influence British public opinion on Indian issues. Through the association Dadabhai Naoroji aimed to promote the concept of ‘Drain of wealth’. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: C The East India Association was formed by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866 in London along with some other members including Pherozshah Mehta and Manmohan Ghosh to carry political propaganda in England and discuss the Indian question and work for interest and welfare of the Indians. Hence statement 1 is correct Dadabhai Naoroji was a key figure in developing and popularizing the “Drain of Wealth” theory, which argued that a significant portion of India’s wealth was being systematically transferred to Britain without adequate economic returns. He used various platforms to promote this concept, and the East India Association was certainly one of them, even before the publication of his influential book “Poverty and Un-British Rule in India” in 1901. The association provided a forum to discuss and disseminate his economic ideas to a British audience. Hence statement 2 is incorrect Incorrect Solution: C The East India Association was formed by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866 in London along with some other members including Pherozshah Mehta and Manmohan Ghosh to carry political propaganda in England and discuss the Indian question and work for interest and welfare of the Indians. Hence statement 1 is correct Dadabhai Naoroji was a key figure in developing and popularizing the “Drain of Wealth” theory, which argued that a significant portion of India’s wealth was being systematically transferred to Britain without adequate economic returns. He used various platforms to promote this concept, and the East India Association was certainly one of them, even before the publication of his influential book “Poverty and Un-British Rule in India” in 1901. The association provided a forum to discuss and disseminate his economic ideas to a British audience. Hence statement 2 is incorrect

#### 14. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the East India Association (EIA):

• It was founded in London to influence British public opinion on Indian issues.

• Through the association Dadabhai Naoroji aimed to promote the concept of ‘Drain of wealth’.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: C

• The East India Association was formed by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866 in London along with some other members including Pherozshah Mehta and Manmohan Ghosh to carry political propaganda in England and discuss the Indian question and work for interest and welfare of the Indians. Hence statement 1 is correct

• Dadabhai Naoroji was a key figure in developing and popularizing the “Drain of Wealth” theory, which argued that a significant portion of India’s wealth was being systematically transferred to Britain without adequate economic returns.

• He used various platforms to promote this concept, and the East India Association was certainly one of them, even before the publication of his influential book “Poverty and Un-British Rule in India” in 1901.

• The association provided a forum to discuss and disseminate his economic ideas to a British audience. Hence statement 2 is incorrect

Solution: C

• The association provided a forum to discuss and disseminate his economic ideas to a British audience. Hence statement 2 is incorrect

• Question 15 of 30 15. Question 1 points Consider the following revolutionaries: KT Telang Mahadev Govind Ranade Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi SH Chiplunkar How many of the above best founding members of the Poone Sarvjanik Sabha? (a) 2 and 4 only (b) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1 and 3 only Correct Solution: C The Poonam Sarvajanik Sabha was founded him 1870 by MG Ranade, SH Chiplunkar and Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi. It was founded with an aim of serving as a bridge between the government and the people. It worked in close association with other organisations and played an important role in arousing political consciousness. It represented the local community including the businessmen, government servants, land owners, lawyers, teachers It advocated for the rights of peasants, organised famine relief in the Deccan region and also established arbitration courts. Hence options 2, 3 and 4 are correct Incorrect Solution: C The Poonam Sarvajanik Sabha was founded him 1870 by MG Ranade, SH Chiplunkar and Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi. It was founded with an aim of serving as a bridge between the government and the people. It worked in close association with other organisations and played an important role in arousing political consciousness. It represented the local community including the businessmen, government servants, land owners, lawyers, teachers It advocated for the rights of peasants, organised famine relief in the Deccan region and also established arbitration courts. Hence options 2, 3 and 4 are correct

#### 15. Question

Consider the following revolutionaries:

• Mahadev Govind Ranade

• Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi

• SH Chiplunkar

How many of the above best founding members of the Poone Sarvjanik Sabha?

• (a) 2 and 4 only

• (b) 1, 2 and 3 only

• (c) 2, 3 and 4 only

• (d) 1 and 3 only

Solution: C

• The Poonam Sarvajanik Sabha was founded him 1870 by MG Ranade, SH Chiplunkar and Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi.

• It was founded with an aim of serving as a bridge between the government and the people.

• It worked in close association with other organisations and played an important role in arousing political consciousness.

• It represented the local community including the businessmen, government servants, land owners, lawyers, teachers

• It advocated for the rights of peasants, organised famine relief in the Deccan region and also established arbitration courts.

Hence options 2, 3 and 4 are correct

Solution: C

• The Poonam Sarvajanik Sabha was founded him 1870 by MG Ranade, SH Chiplunkar and Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi.

• It was founded with an aim of serving as a bridge between the government and the people.

• It worked in close association with other organisations and played an important role in arousing political consciousness.

• It represented the local community including the businessmen, government servants, land owners, lawyers, teachers

• It advocated for the rights of peasants, organised famine relief in the Deccan region and also established arbitration courts.

Hence options 2, 3 and 4 are correct

• Question 16 of 30 16. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: Statement – I: The Government of India Act 1858 abolished the East India Company and ended its rule in India. Statement – II: The Permanent Settlement and Mahalwari system introduced by the Company enhanced grievances of cultivators, who also participated in the Revolt of 1857. Which of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement -I and Statement -II are correct and Statement -II explains Statement -I (b) Both Statement -I and Statement -II are correct but Statement -II does not explain Statement -I (c) Statement- I is correct but Statement -II is incorrect (d) Statement- I is incorrect but Statement -II is correct Correct Solution: B Although the revolt of 1857 was suppressed by the British and the authority was re-established, the Revolt provided a severe blow to the government. It was seen as a milestone event and an eye opener and warnings for the Company. The Structure and policies of the British raj were in many aspects drastically changed and inaugurated a new era of colonialism in India; thus, the changes introduced in the post Revolt years were guided by a renewed imperialist ideology. After the Revolt of 1857 the British government was forced to pass the Act of 1858 which called for liquidation of the British East India Company and its rule in India. Hence statement 1 is correct The various land revenue settlements like Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari and Mahalwari systems, introduced by the Company, meant loss of land for the landlords and heavy taxation for the cultivators. This made the cultivators heavily indebted; many of them later participated in the Revolt of 1857 driving away the government officials and burning money lenders’ records. The addition of cultivators in the revolt strengthened its base and made it more wide spread. Thus, the policies of the Company were directly responsible for outbreak of The Revolt and hence the British government thought of ending the Company rule and usher a new era of British administration in India through the Act of 1858. Hence statement 2 is correct Statement – I describe the consequence of the Revolt of 1857 (the abolition of the East India Company). Statement – II describes some of the underlying causes and grievances that contributed to the Revolt of 1857, in which cultivators played a part. Incorrect Solution: B Although the revolt of 1857 was suppressed by the British and the authority was re-established, the Revolt provided a severe blow to the government. It was seen as a milestone event and an eye opener and warnings for the Company. The Structure and policies of the British raj were in many aspects drastically changed and inaugurated a new era of colonialism in India; thus, the changes introduced in the post Revolt years were guided by a renewed imperialist ideology. After the Revolt of 1857 the British government was forced to pass the Act of 1858 which called for liquidation of the British East India Company and its rule in India. Hence statement 1 is correct The various land revenue settlements like Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari and Mahalwari systems, introduced by the Company, meant loss of land for the landlords and heavy taxation for the cultivators. This made the cultivators heavily indebted; many of them later participated in the Revolt of 1857 driving away the government officials and burning money lenders’ records. The addition of cultivators in the revolt strengthened its base and made it more wide spread. Thus, the policies of the Company were directly responsible for outbreak of The Revolt and hence the British government thought of ending the Company rule and usher a new era of British administration in India through the Act of 1858. Hence statement 2 is correct Statement – I describe the consequence of the Revolt of 1857 (the abolition of the East India Company). Statement – II describes some of the underlying causes and grievances that contributed to the Revolt of 1857, in which cultivators played a part.

#### 16. Question

Consider the following statements:

Statement – I: The Government of India Act 1858 abolished the East India Company and ended its rule in India.

Statement – II: The Permanent Settlement and Mahalwari system introduced by the Company enhanced grievances of cultivators, who also participated in the Revolt of 1857.

Which of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement -I and Statement -II are correct and Statement -II explains Statement -I

• (b) Both Statement -I and Statement -II are correct but Statement -II does not explain Statement -I

• (c) Statement- I is correct but Statement -II is incorrect

• (d) Statement- I is incorrect but Statement -II is correct

Solution: B

• Although the revolt of 1857 was suppressed by the British and the authority was re-established, the Revolt provided a severe blow to the government.

• It was seen as a milestone event and an eye opener and warnings for the Company.

• The Structure and policies of the British raj were in many aspects drastically changed and inaugurated a new era of colonialism in India; thus, the changes introduced in the post Revolt years were guided by a renewed imperialist ideology.

• After the Revolt of 1857 the British government was forced to pass the Act of 1858 which called for liquidation of the British East India Company and its rule in India.

Hence statement 1 is correct

• The various land revenue settlements like Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari and Mahalwari systems, introduced by the Company, meant loss of land for the landlords and heavy taxation for the cultivators.

• This made the cultivators heavily indebted; many of them later participated in the Revolt of 1857 driving away the government officials and burning money lenders’ records.

• The addition of cultivators in the revolt strengthened its base and made it more wide spread.

• Thus, the policies of the Company were directly responsible for outbreak of The Revolt and hence the British government thought of ending the Company rule and usher a new era of British administration in India through the Act of 1858.

Hence statement 2 is correct

• Statement – I describe the consequence of the Revolt of 1857 (the abolition of the East India Company). Statement – II describes some of the underlying causes and grievances that contributed to the Revolt of 1857, in which cultivators played a part.

Solution: B

• Although the revolt of 1857 was suppressed by the British and the authority was re-established, the Revolt provided a severe blow to the government.

• It was seen as a milestone event and an eye opener and warnings for the Company.

• After the Revolt of 1857 the British government was forced to pass the Act of 1858 which called for liquidation of the British East India Company and its rule in India.

Hence statement 1 is correct

• This made the cultivators heavily indebted; many of them later participated in the Revolt of 1857 driving away the government officials and burning money lenders’ records.

• The addition of cultivators in the revolt strengthened its base and made it more wide spread.

Hence statement 2 is correct

• Question 17 of 30 17. Question 1 points The Farrukhsiyar Farman 1717 provided for: Measures should be taken so that the boats owned or hired by them are not molested by anyone. Use of coins by the Company minted by them at Bombay Duty free trade in Bengal in exchange for an annual payment Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 3 only Correct Solution: C The provisions of the Farman of 1717 were – Duty-free trade: English Company agents could transport goods by land or water without paying customs duties, except for an annual peshkash (tribute) of ₹3000. Protection of goods: Local authorities were directed to recover stolen goods of the Company and punish the thieves promptly. Factory establishment support: The English were to be assisted in setting up factories across Bengal without obstruction. Debt recovery from locals: If native merchants or weavers owed money to the Company’s agents, the authorities had to ensure repayment. Protection of transport boats: Boats owned or hired by the Company were to be protected from molestation or harassment. Rights over purchased villages: Villages legally bought by the Company would remain in their possession; they could also rent adjoining villages with Diwan’s permission. Acceptance of Madras coins: If silver coins minted in Madras matched Surat standards, no discount was to be demanded. Seizure of fleeing debtors: Any Company servant attempting to escape debts had to be caught and handed over to Company officials. Safeguarding shipwreck goods: In the event of shipwrecks, special care was to be taken to recover and protect Company belongings. Hence statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct Incorrect Solution: C The provisions of the Farman of 1717 were – Duty-free trade: English Company agents could transport goods by land or water without paying customs duties, except for an annual peshkash (tribute) of ₹3000. Protection of goods: Local authorities were directed to recover stolen goods of the Company and punish the thieves promptly. Factory establishment support: The English were to be assisted in setting up factories across Bengal without obstruction. Debt recovery from locals: If native merchants or weavers owed money to the Company’s agents, the authorities had to ensure repayment. Protection of transport boats: Boats owned or hired by the Company were to be protected from molestation or harassment. Rights over purchased villages: Villages legally bought by the Company would remain in their possession; they could also rent adjoining villages with Diwan’s permission. Acceptance of Madras coins: If silver coins minted in Madras matched Surat standards, no discount was to be demanded. Seizure of fleeing debtors: Any Company servant attempting to escape debts had to be caught and handed over to Company officials. Safeguarding shipwreck goods: In the event of shipwrecks, special care was to be taken to recover and protect Company belongings. Hence statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct

#### 17. Question

The Farrukhsiyar Farman 1717 provided for:

• Measures should be taken so that the boats owned or hired by them are not molested by anyone.

• Use of coins by the Company minted by them at Bombay

• Duty free trade in Bengal in exchange for an annual payment

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• (a) 1 and 2 only

• (b) 2 and 3 only

• (c) 1, 2 and 3

• (d) 3 only

Solution: C

The provisions of the Farman of 1717 were –

• Duty-free trade: English Company agents could transport goods by land or water without paying customs duties, except for an annual peshkash (tribute) of ₹3000.

• Protection of goods: Local authorities were directed to recover stolen goods of the Company and punish the thieves promptly.

• Factory establishment support: The English were to be assisted in setting up factories across Bengal without obstruction.

• Debt recovery from locals: If native merchants or weavers owed money to the Company’s agents, the authorities had to ensure repayment.

• Protection of transport boats: Boats owned or hired by the Company were to be protected from molestation or harassment.

• Rights over purchased villages: Villages legally bought by the Company would remain in their possession; they could also rent adjoining villages with Diwan’s permission.

• Acceptance of Madras coins: If silver coins minted in Madras matched Surat standards, no discount was to be demanded.

• Seizure of fleeing debtors: Any Company servant attempting to escape debts had to be caught and handed over to Company officials.

• Safeguarding shipwreck goods: In the event of shipwrecks, special care was to be taken to recover and protect Company belongings.

Hence statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct