DAY – 36 : Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2025 : ART & CULTURE

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• Question 1 of 30 1. Question 1 points With reference to ancient Indian Vedic Literature, consider the following: The Rig Veda Samhita consists mainly of hymns dedicated to deities like Indra, Agni, Varuna, and Soma. The Upanishads primarily elaborate on complex sacrificial rituals and procedures. The Brahmanas provide philosophical discourses on the nature of Atman and Brahman How many of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A The Rig Veda is the oldest Veda and primarily contains hymns (suktas) praising various deities invoked during rituals. Hence, statement 1 is correct. The Upanishads (Vedanta) focus on philosophical and metaphysical inquiries regarding Brahman, Atman, karma, and liberation, moving away from ritualistic focus. Elaborate rituals are the main subject of the Brahmanas. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect. The Brahmanas are prose texts attached to the Vedas that explain the meaning and performance of complex Vedic sacrifices and rituals. Philosophical discourses on Atman and Brahman are the core content of the Upanishads. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect. Incorrect Solution: A The Rig Veda is the oldest Veda and primarily contains hymns (suktas) praising various deities invoked during rituals. Hence, statement 1 is correct. The Upanishads (Vedanta) focus on philosophical and metaphysical inquiries regarding Brahman, Atman, karma, and liberation, moving away from ritualistic focus. Elaborate rituals are the main subject of the Brahmanas. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect. The Brahmanas are prose texts attached to the Vedas that explain the meaning and performance of complex Vedic sacrifices and rituals. Philosophical discourses on Atman and Brahman are the core content of the Upanishads. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

#### 1. Question

With reference to ancient Indian Vedic Literature, consider the following:

• The Rig Veda Samhita consists mainly of hymns dedicated to deities like Indra, Agni, Varuna, and Soma.

• The Upanishads primarily elaborate on complex sacrificial rituals and procedures.

• The Brahmanas provide philosophical discourses on the nature of Atman and Brahman

How many of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

The Rig Veda is the oldest Veda and primarily contains hymns (suktas) praising various deities invoked during rituals.

Hence, statement 1 is correct.

The Upanishads (Vedanta) focus on philosophical and metaphysical inquiries regarding Brahman, Atman, karma, and liberation, moving away from ritualistic focus. Elaborate rituals are the main subject of the Brahmanas.

Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

The Brahmanas are prose texts attached to the Vedas that explain the meaning and performance of complex Vedic sacrifices and rituals. Philosophical discourses on Atman and Brahman are the core content of the Upanishads.

Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

Solution: A

The Rig Veda is the oldest Veda and primarily contains hymns (suktas) praising various deities invoked during rituals.

Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

• Question 2 of 30 2. Question 1 points Which renowned poet, musician, and scholar of the Delhi Sultanate period, associated with Sufism (disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya), is often called the ‘Parrot of India’ (Tuti-e-Hind) and credited with significant contributions to Hindustani music, Indo-Persian literature, and the development of Hindavi (early Hindi/Urdu)? (a) Alberuni (b) Amir Khusrau (c) Ibn Battuta (d) Ziauddin Barani Correct Solution: B Amir Khusrau (1253-1325 AD) was a prolific polymath who served several Delhi Sultans. He was a disciple of the Chishti saint Nizamuddin Auliya and made immense contributions to poetry (in Persian and Hindavi), music (credited with inventing or popularizing qawwali, sitar – though debated), and historical chronicles. He is famously known as ‘Tuti-e-Hind’. Incorrect Solution: B Amir Khusrau (1253-1325 AD) was a prolific polymath who served several Delhi Sultans. He was a disciple of the Chishti saint Nizamuddin Auliya and made immense contributions to poetry (in Persian and Hindavi), music (credited with inventing or popularizing qawwali, sitar – though debated), and historical chronicles. He is famously known as ‘Tuti-e-Hind’.

#### 2. Question

Which renowned poet, musician, and scholar of the Delhi Sultanate period, associated with Sufism (disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya), is often called the ‘Parrot of India’ (Tuti-e-Hind) and credited with significant contributions to Hindustani music, Indo-Persian literature, and the development of Hindavi (early Hindi/Urdu)?

• (a) Alberuni

• (b) Amir Khusrau

• (c) Ibn Battuta

• (d) Ziauddin Barani

Solution: B

Amir Khusrau (1253-1325 AD) was a prolific polymath who served several Delhi Sultans. He was a disciple of the Chishti saint Nizamuddin Auliya and made immense contributions to poetry (in Persian and Hindavi), music (credited with inventing or popularizing qawwali, sitar – though debated), and historical chronicles. He is famously known as ‘Tuti-e-Hind’.

Solution: B

• Question 3 of 30 3. Question 1 points The Sahitya Akademi Award is a prestigious literary honour in India. Consider the following statements regarding it: It is awarded annually for literary works published only in the 22 languages listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution. The award encompasses various genres, including poetry, novels, short stories, plays, and literary criticism. Apart from the main award, the Sahitya Akademi also confers awards for translation and children’s literature. How many of the statements given above are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B The Sahitya Akademi Award recognizes literary works in 24 languages: the 22 Eighth Schedule languages plus English and Rajasthani. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. The awards are given for works across a wide range of literary genres, not limited to fiction. Hence, statement 2 is correct. Sahitya Akademi gives separate awards like the Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize, Bal Sahitya Puraskar (children’s literature), and Yuva Puraskar (young writers). Hence, statement 3 is correct. Incorrect Solution: B The Sahitya Akademi Award recognizes literary works in 24 languages: the 22 Eighth Schedule languages plus English and Rajasthani. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. The awards are given for works across a wide range of literary genres, not limited to fiction. Hence, statement 2 is correct. Sahitya Akademi gives separate awards like the Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize, Bal Sahitya Puraskar (children’s literature), and Yuva Puraskar (young writers). Hence, statement 3 is correct.

#### 3. Question

The Sahitya Akademi Award is a prestigious literary honour in India. Consider the following statements regarding it:

• It is awarded annually for literary works published only in the 22 languages listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution.

• The award encompasses various genres, including poetry, novels, short stories, plays, and literary criticism.

• Apart from the main award, the Sahitya Akademi also confers awards for translation and children’s literature.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

The Sahitya Akademi Award recognizes literary works in 24 languages: the 22 Eighth Schedule languages plus English and Rajasthani.

Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

The awards are given for works across a wide range of literary genres, not limited to fiction.

Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Sahitya Akademi gives separate awards like the Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize, Bal Sahitya Puraskar (children’s literature), and Yuva Puraskar (young writers). Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Solution: B

The Sahitya Akademi Award recognizes literary works in 24 languages: the 22 Eighth Schedule languages plus English and Rajasthani.

Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

The awards are given for works across a wide range of literary genres, not limited to fiction.

Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Sahitya Akademi gives separate awards like the Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize, Bal Sahitya Puraskar (children’s literature), and Yuva Puraskar (young writers). Hence, statement 3 is correct.

• Question 4 of 30 4. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding heterodox schools of ancient Indian philosophy: The Charvaka (Lokayata) school advocated materialism, rejected supernatural concepts like afterlife and karma, and accepted direct perception as the only valid source of knowledge. The Ajivika school, associated with Makkhali Gosala, believed in absolute determinism (Niyati), asserting that fate controlled everything and human effort was futile. Both Jainism and Buddhism accepted the authority of the Vedas but reinterpreted their meaning. How many of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Charvaka philosophy is known for its materialism, skepticism towards religion and metaphysics, and emphasis on empiricism (perception). Hence, statement 1 is correct. The Ajivika doctrine of Niyati (fate/destiny) posits that the course of all beings is predetermined, negating the role of free will or karma. Hence, statement 2 is correct. Both Jainism and Buddhism are considered Nastika (heterodox) schools precisely because they rejected the authority of the Vedas and the efficacy of Vedic rituals, proposing alternative paths to liberation. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect. Incorrect Solution: B Charvaka philosophy is known for its materialism, skepticism towards religion and metaphysics, and emphasis on empiricism (perception). Hence, statement 1 is correct. The Ajivika doctrine of Niyati (fate/destiny) posits that the course of all beings is predetermined, negating the role of free will or karma. Hence, statement 2 is correct. Both Jainism and Buddhism are considered Nastika (heterodox) schools precisely because they rejected the authority of the Vedas and the efficacy of Vedic rituals, proposing alternative paths to liberation. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding heterodox schools of ancient Indian philosophy:

• The Charvaka (Lokayata) school advocated materialism, rejected supernatural concepts like afterlife and karma, and accepted direct perception as the only valid source of knowledge.

• The Ajivika school, associated with Makkhali Gosala, believed in absolute determinism (Niyati), asserting that fate controlled everything and human effort was futile.

• Both Jainism and Buddhism accepted the authority of the Vedas but reinterpreted their meaning.

How many of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

Charvaka philosophy is known for its materialism, skepticism towards religion and metaphysics, and emphasis on empiricism (perception).

Hence, statement 1 is correct.

The Ajivika doctrine of Niyati (fate/destiny) posits that the course of all beings is predetermined, negating the role of free will or karma.

Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Both Jainism and Buddhism are considered Nastika (heterodox) schools precisely because they rejected the authority of the Vedas and the efficacy of Vedic rituals, proposing alternative paths to liberation.

Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

Solution: B

Charvaka philosophy is known for its materialism, skepticism towards religion and metaphysics, and emphasis on empiricism (perception).

Hence, statement 1 is correct.

The Ajivika doctrine of Niyati (fate/destiny) posits that the course of all beings is predetermined, negating the role of free will or karma.

Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

• Question 5 of 30 5. Question 1 points In the context of Vedanta philosophy, Shankara’s concept of ‘Maya’ is best understood as: (a) The individual soul's inherent divinity. (b) The cosmic illusion or veiling power that makes the phenomenal world appear real, obscuring the ultimate reality of Brahman. (c) The path of selfless action prescribed in the Bhagavad Gita. (d) The eternal, unchanging, attributeless Absolute Reality. Correct Solution: B In Shankara’s Advaita Vedanta, Brahman is the sole, attributeless reality. Maya is the inexplicable power or principle that causes the unreal world of multiplicity and differentiation to appear as real, thus veiling the true nature of Brahman and causing the individual soul (Atman) to perceive itself as separate. Overcoming Maya through knowledge (Jnana) leads to realizing the identity of Atman and Brahman. Incorrect Solution: B In Shankara’s Advaita Vedanta, Brahman is the sole, attributeless reality. Maya is the inexplicable power or principle that causes the unreal world of multiplicity and differentiation to appear as real, thus veiling the true nature of Brahman and causing the individual soul (Atman) to perceive itself as separate. Overcoming Maya through knowledge (Jnana) leads to realizing the identity of Atman and Brahman.

#### 5. Question

In the context of Vedanta philosophy, Shankara’s concept of ‘Maya’ is best understood as:

• (a) The individual soul's inherent divinity.

• (b) The cosmic illusion or veiling power that makes the phenomenal world appear real, obscuring the ultimate reality of Brahman.

• (c) The path of selfless action prescribed in the Bhagavad Gita.

• (d) The eternal, unchanging, attributeless Absolute Reality.

Solution: B

In Shankara’s Advaita Vedanta, Brahman is the sole, attributeless reality. Maya is the inexplicable power or principle that causes the unreal world of multiplicity and differentiation to appear as real, thus veiling the true nature of Brahman and causing the individual soul (Atman) to perceive itself as separate. Overcoming Maya through knowledge (Jnana) leads to realizing the identity of Atman and Brahman.

Solution: B

• Question 6 of 30 6. Question 1 points Consider the mandate and functions of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI): Exploration and excavation of ancient sites. Maintenance and conservation of centrally protected monuments and sites. Regulation of all archaeological activities in the country, including issuing licenses for excavation. Publication of research findings and maintenance of archaeological site museums. How many of the functions listed above fall under the purview of ASI? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: D The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is a government agency under the Ministry of Culture responsible for archaeological research and the preservation of India’s cultural heritage. It regulates all archaeological activities in the country, ensuring the protection of ancient monuments, archaeological sites, and remains of national importance. The ASI also regulates the Antiquities and Art Treasure Act, 1972. Key Functions and Responsibilities: Archaeological Research: Conducting excavations, surveys, and explorations to uncover and study India’s rich past. Conservation and Preservation: Maintaining and restoring ancient monuments, archaeological sites, and historical structures. Protection and Regulation: Implementing the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958, to protect and preserve India’s cultural heritage. Cultural Heritage Management: Overseeing museums, conducting research on epigraphy, numismatics, and museology. Education and Training: Providing advanced training in archaeology through the Institute of Archaeology. History: The ASI was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham, a British Army engineer who was a keen archaeologist, and is considered the “Father of Indian Archaeology”. The agency has a long history of surveying, excavating, and documenting ancient monuments and sites across India. Organizational Structure: The ASI is an attached office of the Ministry of Culture. It is headed by a Director-General and has headquarters in New Delhi. The organization operates through 27 regional circles across the country, each responsible for preserving historical sites in its respective region. Notable Publications: ASI publishes scholarly journals like Ancient India, Epigraphia Indica, and Indian Archaeology: A Review. Incorrect Solution: D The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is a government agency under the Ministry of Culture responsible for archaeological research and the preservation of India’s cultural heritage. It regulates all archaeological activities in the country, ensuring the protection of ancient monuments, archaeological sites, and remains of national importance. The ASI also regulates the Antiquities and Art Treasure Act, 1972. Key Functions and Responsibilities: Archaeological Research: Conducting excavations, surveys, and explorations to uncover and study India’s rich past. Conservation and Preservation: Maintaining and restoring ancient monuments, archaeological sites, and historical structures. Protection and Regulation: Implementing the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958, to protect and preserve India’s cultural heritage. Cultural Heritage Management: Overseeing museums, conducting research on epigraphy, numismatics, and museology. Education and Training: Providing advanced training in archaeology through the Institute of Archaeology. History: The ASI was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham, a British Army engineer who was a keen archaeologist, and is considered the “Father of Indian Archaeology”. The agency has a long history of surveying, excavating, and documenting ancient monuments and sites across India. Organizational Structure: The ASI is an attached office of the Ministry of Culture. It is headed by a Director-General and has headquarters in New Delhi. The organization operates through 27 regional circles across the country, each responsible for preserving historical sites in its respective region. Notable Publications: ASI publishes scholarly journals like Ancient India, Epigraphia Indica, and Indian Archaeology: A Review.

#### 6. Question

Consider the mandate and functions of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI):

• Exploration and excavation of ancient sites.

• Maintenance and conservation of centrally protected monuments and sites.

• Regulation of all archaeological activities in the country, including issuing licenses for excavation.

• Publication of research findings and maintenance of archaeological site museums.

How many of the functions listed above fall under the purview of ASI?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: D

The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is a government agency under the Ministry of Culture responsible for archaeological research and the preservation of India’s cultural heritage. It regulates all archaeological activities in the country, ensuring the protection of ancient monuments, archaeological sites, and remains of national importance. The ASI also regulates the Antiquities and Art Treasure Act, 1972.

Key Functions and Responsibilities:

• Archaeological Research: Conducting excavations, surveys, and explorations to uncover and study India’s rich past.

• Conservation and Preservation: Maintaining and restoring ancient monuments, archaeological sites, and historical structures.

• Protection and Regulation: Implementing the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958, to protect and preserve India’s cultural heritage.

• Cultural Heritage Management: Overseeing museums, conducting research on epigraphy, numismatics, and museology.

• Education and Training: Providing advanced training in archaeology through the Institute of Archaeology.

History:

• The ASI was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham, a British Army engineer who was a keen archaeologist, and is considered the “Father of Indian Archaeology”.

• The agency has a long history of surveying, excavating, and documenting ancient monuments and sites across India.

Organizational Structure:

• The ASI is an attached office of the Ministry of Culture.

• It is headed by a Director-General and has headquarters in New Delhi.

• The organization operates through 27 regional circles across the country, each responsible for preserving historical sites in its respective region.

Notable Publications:

• ASI publishes scholarly journals like Ancient India, Epigraphia Indica, and Indian Archaeology: A Review.

Solution: D

Key Functions and Responsibilities:

• Archaeological Research: Conducting excavations, surveys, and explorations to uncover and study India’s rich past.

• Conservation and Preservation: Maintaining and restoring ancient monuments, archaeological sites, and historical structures.

• Protection and Regulation: Implementing the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958, to protect and preserve India’s cultural heritage.

• Cultural Heritage Management: Overseeing museums, conducting research on epigraphy, numismatics, and museology.

• Education and Training: Providing advanced training in archaeology through the Institute of Archaeology.

History:

• The ASI was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham, a British Army engineer who was a keen archaeologist, and is considered the “Father of Indian Archaeology”.

• The agency has a long history of surveying, excavating, and documenting ancient monuments and sites across India.

Organizational Structure:

• The ASI is an attached office of the Ministry of Culture.

• It is headed by a Director-General and has headquarters in New Delhi.

• The organization operates through 27 regional circles across the country, each responsible for preserving historical sites in its respective region.

Notable Publications:

• ASI publishes scholarly journals like Ancient India, Epigraphia Indica, and Indian Archaeology: A Review.

• Question 7 of 30 7. Question 1 points A significant difference often highlighted between the Chishti and Suhrawardi Sufi orders as they operated in India is: (a) Chishtis actively participated in politics, while Suhrawardis remained aloof from the state. (b) Suhrawardis accepted grants and positions from rulers, while Chishtis generally maintained distance from state patronage. (c) Chishtis focused on rational philosophy, while Suhrawardis emphasized emotional devotion through music. (d) Suhrawardis established their main centers in North India, while Chishtis were confined only to the Deccan. Correct Solution: B Leading Suhrawardi saints (like Shaikh Bahauddin Zakariya) often accepted state grants and maintained cordial relations with rulers. In contrast, prominent early Chishti saints (like Moinuddin Chishti, Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki, Nizamuddin Auliya) generally preferred voluntary poverty and avoided entanglement with political power and state patronage. Incorrect Solution: B Leading Suhrawardi saints (like Shaikh Bahauddin Zakariya) often accepted state grants and maintained cordial relations with rulers. In contrast, prominent early Chishti saints (like Moinuddin Chishti, Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki, Nizamuddin Auliya) generally preferred voluntary poverty and avoided entanglement with political power and state patronage.

#### 7. Question

A significant difference often highlighted between the Chishti and Suhrawardi Sufi orders as they operated in India is:

• (a) Chishtis actively participated in politics, while Suhrawardis remained aloof from the state.

• (b) Suhrawardis accepted grants and positions from rulers, while Chishtis generally maintained distance from state patronage.

• (c) Chishtis focused on rational philosophy, while Suhrawardis emphasized emotional devotion through music.

• (d) Suhrawardis established their main centers in North India, while Chishtis were confined only to the Deccan.

Solution: B

Leading Suhrawardi saints (like Shaikh Bahauddin Zakariya) often accepted state grants and maintained cordial relations with rulers. In contrast, prominent early Chishti saints (like Moinuddin Chishti, Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki, Nizamuddin Auliya) generally preferred voluntary poverty and avoided entanglement with political power and state patronage.

Solution: B

• Question 8 of 30 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the ‘Yuge Yugeen Bharat’ National Museum project announced by the Government of India: It is planned to be developed at the existing National Museum building on Janpath, New Delhi after major renovation. It is envisioned to be the world’s largest museum upon completion. The museum aims to showcase the story of India spanning over 5,000 years. How many of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B The “Yuge Yugeen Bharat National Museum” is a planned national museum in New Delhi, India, designed to showcase India’s cultural and civilizational heritage over 5,000 years. It will be located in the North and South Blocks, which are being redeveloped as part of the Central Vista Redevelopment Project. The museum is intended to be the world’s largest, with a space of 154,000 square meters. Here’s a more detailed breakdown: Location: The museum will be housed in the North and South Blocks, which are currently used for government offices in New Delhi. (Hence, statement 1 is incorrect) Purpose: The primary aim is to present India’s historical, cultural, and civilizational journey over millennia. Scope: It will feature eight thematic galleries that cover ancient Indian knowledge, the medieval era, the transitional period, modern India, colonial control, the freedom movement, and the period after 1947. Size: The museum is planned to be the world’s largest, spanning 154,000 square meters. (Hence, statement 2 is correct.) Partnerships: The development is a collaboration between India and France, with France Museums Développement (FMD) providing expertise in museum development. Hence, statement 3 is correct. Incorrect Solution: B The “Yuge Yugeen Bharat National Museum” is a planned national museum in New Delhi, India, designed to showcase India’s cultural and civilizational heritage over 5,000 years. It will be located in the North and South Blocks, which are being redeveloped as part of the Central Vista Redevelopment Project. The museum is intended to be the world’s largest, with a space of 154,000 square meters. Here’s a more detailed breakdown: Location: The museum will be housed in the North and South Blocks, which are currently used for government offices in New Delhi. (Hence, statement 1 is incorrect) Purpose: The primary aim is to present India’s historical, cultural, and civilizational journey over millennia. Scope: It will feature eight thematic galleries that cover ancient Indian knowledge, the medieval era, the transitional period, modern India, colonial control, the freedom movement, and the period after 1947. Size: The museum is planned to be the world’s largest, spanning 154,000 square meters. (Hence, statement 2 is correct.) Partnerships: The development is a collaboration between India and France, with France Museums Développement (FMD) providing expertise in museum development. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the ‘Yuge Yugeen Bharat’ National Museum project announced by the Government of India:

• It is planned to be developed at the existing National Museum building on Janpath, New Delhi after major renovation.

• It is envisioned to be the world’s largest museum upon completion.

• The museum aims to showcase the story of India spanning over 5,000 years.

How many of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

The “Yuge Yugeen Bharat National Museum” is a planned national museum in New Delhi, India, designed to showcase India’s cultural and civilizational heritage over 5,000 years. It will be located in the North and South Blocks, which are being redeveloped as part of the Central Vista Redevelopment Project. The museum is intended to be the world’s largest, with a space of 154,000 square meters.

Here’s a more detailed breakdown:

• Location: The museum will be housed in the North and South Blocks, which are currently used for government offices in New Delhi. (Hence, statement 1 is incorrect)

• Purpose: The primary aim is to present India’s historical, cultural, and civilizational journey over millennia.

• Scope: It will feature eight thematic galleries that cover ancient Indian knowledge, the medieval era, the transitional period, modern India, colonial control, the freedom movement, and the period after 1947.

• Size: The museum is planned to be the world’s largest, spanning 154,000 square meters. (Hence, statement 2 is correct.)

• Partnerships: The development is a collaboration between India and France, with France Museums Développement (FMD) providing expertise in museum development. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Solution: B

Here’s a more detailed breakdown:

• Location: The museum will be housed in the North and South Blocks, which are currently used for government offices in New Delhi. (Hence, statement 1 is incorrect)

• Purpose: The primary aim is to present India’s historical, cultural, and civilizational journey over millennia.

• Size: The museum is planned to be the world’s largest, spanning 154,000 square meters. (Hence, statement 2 is correct.)

• Question 9 of 30 9. Question 1 points The ‘Aadi Mahotsav’, is an initiative focused on: (a) Promoting classical Indian dance forms among urban youth. (b) Showcasing and marketing the crafts, culture, cuisine, and commerce of India's tribal communities. (c) Celebrating the agricultural harvest seasons specific to North-Eastern states. (d) Organizing international dialogues on conserving intangible cultural heritage. Correct Solution: B Aadi Mahotsav-2025, the flagship initiative of the Tribal Co-operative Marketing Development Federation of India Limited (TRIFED) under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, was inaugurated today by Hon’ble President of India, Smt. Droupadi Murmu, at Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium, New Delhi. Organised from February 16 to 24, 2025, this vibrant festival celebrates India’s rich tribal heritage, culture, arts, crafts, cuisine, and commerce. Aadi Mahotsav 2025 brings together: 600+ tribal artisans from 30+ States and Union Territories. 500 performing artists showcasing mesmerizing tribal dance forms. 25 tribal food stalls presenting indigenous cuisines from different regions. The inaugural ceremony featured captivating performances by Tribal artists that included: Chhau Dance (Jharkhand), Kalbelia Dance (Rajasthan), Gaur Mariya Dance (Chhattisgarh), Siddhi Dhamal Dance (Gujarat), Angi Ger Dance (Rajasthan). https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2103858 Incorrect Solution: B Aadi Mahotsav-2025, the flagship initiative of the Tribal Co-operative Marketing Development Federation of India Limited (TRIFED) under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, was inaugurated today by Hon’ble President of India, Smt. Droupadi Murmu, at Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium, New Delhi. Organised from February 16 to 24, 2025, this vibrant festival celebrates India’s rich tribal heritage, culture, arts, crafts, cuisine, and commerce. Aadi Mahotsav 2025 brings together: 600+ tribal artisans from 30+ States and Union Territories. 500 performing artists showcasing mesmerizing tribal dance forms. 25 tribal food stalls presenting indigenous cuisines from different regions. The inaugural ceremony featured captivating performances by Tribal artists that included: Chhau Dance (Jharkhand), Kalbelia Dance (Rajasthan), Gaur Mariya Dance (Chhattisgarh), Siddhi Dhamal Dance (Gujarat), Angi Ger Dance (Rajasthan). https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2103858

#### 9. Question

The ‘Aadi Mahotsav’, is an initiative focused on:

• (a) Promoting classical Indian dance forms among urban youth.

• (b) Showcasing and marketing the crafts, culture, cuisine, and commerce of India's tribal communities.

• (c) Celebrating the agricultural harvest seasons specific to North-Eastern states.

• (d) Organizing international dialogues on conserving intangible cultural heritage.

Solution: B

Aadi Mahotsav-2025, the flagship initiative of the Tribal Co-operative Marketing Development Federation of India Limited (TRIFED) under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, was inaugurated today by Hon’ble President of India, Smt. Droupadi Murmu, at Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium, New Delhi. Organised from February 16 to 24, 2025, this vibrant festival celebrates India’s rich tribal heritage, culture, arts, crafts, cuisine, and commerce.

Aadi Mahotsav 2025 brings together:

• 600+ tribal artisans from 30+ States and Union Territories.

• 500 performing artists showcasing mesmerizing tribal dance forms.

• 25 tribal food stalls presenting indigenous cuisines from different regions.

The inaugural ceremony featured captivating performances by Tribal artists that included: Chhau Dance (Jharkhand), Kalbelia Dance (Rajasthan), Gaur Mariya Dance (Chhattisgarh), Siddhi Dhamal Dance (Gujarat), Angi Ger Dance (Rajasthan).

https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2103858

Solution: B

Aadi Mahotsav 2025 brings together:

• 600+ tribal artisans from 30+ States and Union Territories.

• 500 performing artists showcasing mesmerizing tribal dance forms.

• 25 tribal food stalls presenting indigenous cuisines from different regions.

https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2103858

• Question 10 of 30 10. Question 1 points Match the following pairs: List I (Textile) List II (Region) Paithani 1. Gujarat Ikat (Patola) 2. Varanasi Jamdani 3. Maharashtra Brocade (Kimkhab) 4. West Bengal Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 (b) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3 (c) A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1 (d) A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4 Correct Solution: A Paithani sarees, known for their rich silk and peacock/lotus motifs, are from Paithan, Maharashtra. (A-3) Ikat, particularly the double ikat technique known as Patola, is famously associated with Patan, Gujarat. (B-1) Jamdani, a fine muslin textile with intricate figured motifs woven on the loom, has historical roots in the Dhaka region (now Bangladesh) and is also produced in West Bengal. (C-4) Brocade weaving, producing rich, patterned fabrics often with gold/silver threads (like Kimkhab), is a specialty of centers like Varanasi (Benaras). (D-2) Incorrect Solution: A Paithani sarees, known for their rich silk and peacock/lotus motifs, are from Paithan, Maharashtra. (A-3) Ikat, particularly the double ikat technique known as Patola, is famously associated with Patan, Gujarat. (B-1) Jamdani, a fine muslin textile with intricate figured motifs woven on the loom, has historical roots in the Dhaka region (now Bangladesh) and is also produced in West Bengal. (C-4) Brocade weaving, producing rich, patterned fabrics often with gold/silver threads (like Kimkhab), is a specialty of centers like Varanasi (Benaras). (D-2)

#### 10. Question

Match the following pairs:

List I (Textile) List II (Region)

• Paithani 1. Gujarat

• Ikat (Patola) 2. Varanasi

• Jamdani 3. Maharashtra

• Brocade (Kimkhab) 4. West Bengal

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• (a) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

• (b) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

• (c) A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1

• (d) A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4

Solution: A

• Paithani sarees, known for their rich silk and peacock/lotus motifs, are from Paithan, Maharashtra. (A-3)

• Ikat, particularly the double ikat technique known as Patola, is famously associated with Patan, Gujarat. (B-1)

• Jamdani, a fine muslin textile with intricate figured motifs woven on the loom, has historical roots in the Dhaka region (now Bangladesh) and is also produced in West Bengal. (C-4)

• Brocade weaving, producing rich, patterned fabrics often with gold/silver threads (like Kimkhab), is a specialty of centers like Varanasi (Benaras). (D-2)

Solution: A

• Paithani sarees, known for their rich silk and peacock/lotus motifs, are from Paithan, Maharashtra. (A-3)

• Ikat, particularly the double ikat technique known as Patola, is famously associated with Patan, Gujarat. (B-1)

• Jamdani, a fine muslin textile with intricate figured motifs woven on the loom, has historical roots in the Dhaka region (now Bangladesh) and is also produced in West Bengal. (C-4)

• Brocade weaving, producing rich, patterned fabrics often with gold/silver threads (like Kimkhab), is a specialty of centers like Varanasi (Benaras). (D-2)

• Question 11 of 30 11. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: The National Mission for Manuscripts (NMM) is mandated to identify and make accessible the manuscript heritage of India. NMM functions as a unit under the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA). IGNCA is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Culture. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only 3 (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: C The Ministry of Culture established the National Mission for manuscripts in 2003 during the 10th five-year plan to document, conserve and promote access to Indian manuscripts. A unique project in its program and mandate the mission seeks to unearth and preserve the vast manuscript wealth of India. The scheme was evaluated by a committee of experts which recommended its continuation with broader reach and direct oversight by the Ministry. The mission uses Technology with contributions from the organisation for preservation and digitalisation of manuscripts. the National Mission for Manuscripts presently functions as a unit under the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts for which funds are provided to the organisation. The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts New Delhi is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Culture. Hence statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct Incorrect Solution: C The Ministry of Culture established the National Mission for manuscripts in 2003 during the 10th five-year plan to document, conserve and promote access to Indian manuscripts. A unique project in its program and mandate the mission seeks to unearth and preserve the vast manuscript wealth of India. The scheme was evaluated by a committee of experts which recommended its continuation with broader reach and direct oversight by the Ministry. The mission uses Technology with contributions from the organisation for preservation and digitalisation of manuscripts. the National Mission for Manuscripts presently functions as a unit under the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts for which funds are provided to the organisation. The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts New Delhi is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Culture. Hence statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct

#### 11. Question

Consider the following statements:

• The National Mission for Manuscripts (NMM) is mandated to identify and make accessible the manuscript heritage of India.

• NMM functions as a unit under the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA).

• IGNCA is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Culture.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only 3

• (c) All three

Solution: C

• The Ministry of Culture established the National Mission for manuscripts in 2003 during the 10th five-year plan to document, conserve and promote access to Indian manuscripts.

• A unique project in its program and mandate the mission seeks to unearth and preserve the vast manuscript wealth of India.

• The scheme was evaluated by a committee of experts which recommended its continuation with broader reach and direct oversight by the Ministry.

• The mission uses Technology with contributions from the organisation for preservation and digitalisation of manuscripts.

• the National Mission for Manuscripts presently functions as a unit under the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts for which funds are provided to the organisation.

• The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts New Delhi is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Culture.

Hence statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct

Solution: C

• The Ministry of Culture established the National Mission for manuscripts in 2003 during the 10th five-year plan to document, conserve and promote access to Indian manuscripts.

• A unique project in its program and mandate the mission seeks to unearth and preserve the vast manuscript wealth of India.

• The scheme was evaluated by a committee of experts which recommended its continuation with broader reach and direct oversight by the Ministry.

• The mission uses Technology with contributions from the organisation for preservation and digitalisation of manuscripts.

• the National Mission for Manuscripts presently functions as a unit under the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts for which funds are provided to the organisation.

• The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts New Delhi is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Culture.

Hence statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct

• Question 12 of 30 12. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: The Sutras of Jamini deal with Purva Mimamsa philosophy. Purva Mimamsa emphasizes on vedic rituals. The Nambudiri Brahmins, who follow Shrautism, adhere to the Poorva Mimamsa philosophy. How many of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: C The word Mimamsa mean the art of reasoning, interpretation and application The school focuses on analysis of the texts of Samhita and Brahmana that are portions of the Vedas. It is a considered as an orthodox or Astika school of Indian philosophy. The text that describes the Purve Mimamsa philosophy in detail are the Sutras of Jamini which were composed in 3rd century BC. Hence statement 1 is correct The Purva Mimamsa School believes in complete authority of the Vedas and argue that Vedas contain the eternal truth and they are repositories of all knowledge. The school emphasizes on the power of yajnas and mantras in sustaining activities of the universe It argues that salvation is possible through performing rituals; but it is also necessary to understand justification and reasoning behind Vedic rituals It is necessary to understand this reasoning if one wanted to perform the rituals perfectly, which, will allow them to attain salvation. Hence statement 2 is correct Shrautism is a rare, orthodox tradition within Hinduism It is practiced by ultra-orthodox Nambudiri Brahmins in Kerala. They follow Purva Mimamsa School of Philosophy and place utmost importance on Vedic sacrificial rituals. Hence statement 3 is correct Incorrect Solution: C The word Mimamsa mean the art of reasoning, interpretation and application The school focuses on analysis of the texts of Samhita and Brahmana that are portions of the Vedas. It is a considered as an orthodox or Astika school of Indian philosophy. The text that describes the Purve Mimamsa philosophy in detail are the Sutras of Jamini which were composed in 3rd century BC. Hence statement 1 is correct The Purva Mimamsa School believes in complete authority of the Vedas and argue that Vedas contain the eternal truth and they are repositories of all knowledge. The school emphasizes on the power of yajnas and mantras in sustaining activities of the universe It argues that salvation is possible through performing rituals; but it is also necessary to understand justification and reasoning behind Vedic rituals It is necessary to understand this reasoning if one wanted to perform the rituals perfectly, which, will allow them to attain salvation. Hence statement 2 is correct Shrautism is a rare, orthodox tradition within Hinduism It is practiced by ultra-orthodox Nambudiri Brahmins in Kerala. They follow Purva Mimamsa School of Philosophy and place utmost importance on Vedic sacrificial rituals. Hence statement 3 is correct

#### 12. Question

Consider the following statements:

• The Sutras of Jamini deal with Purva Mimamsa philosophy.

• Purva Mimamsa emphasizes on vedic rituals.

• The Nambudiri Brahmins, who follow Shrautism, adhere to the Poorva Mimamsa philosophy.

How many of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: C

• The word Mimamsa mean the art of reasoning, interpretation and application

• The school focuses on analysis of the texts of Samhita and Brahmana that are portions of the Vedas.

• It is a considered as an orthodox or Astika school of Indian philosophy.

• The text that describes the Purve Mimamsa philosophy in detail are the Sutras of Jamini which were composed in 3rd century BC.

Hence statement 1 is correct

• The Purva Mimamsa School believes in complete authority of the Vedas and argue that Vedas contain the eternal truth and they are repositories of all knowledge.

• The school emphasizes on the power of yajnas and mantras in sustaining activities of the universe

• It argues that salvation is possible through performing rituals; but it is also necessary to understand justification and reasoning behind Vedic rituals

• It is necessary to understand this reasoning if one wanted to perform the rituals perfectly, which, will allow them to attain salvation.

Hence statement 2 is correct

• Shrautism is a rare, orthodox tradition within Hinduism

• It is practiced by ultra-orthodox Nambudiri Brahmins in Kerala.

• They follow Purva Mimamsa School of Philosophy and place utmost importance on Vedic sacrificial rituals.

Hence statement 3 is correct

Solution: C

• The word Mimamsa mean the art of reasoning, interpretation and application

• The school focuses on analysis of the texts of Samhita and Brahmana that are portions of the Vedas.

• It is a considered as an orthodox or Astika school of Indian philosophy.

• The text that describes the Purve Mimamsa philosophy in detail are the Sutras of Jamini which were composed in 3rd century BC.

Hence statement 1 is correct

• The Purva Mimamsa School believes in complete authority of the Vedas and argue that Vedas contain the eternal truth and they are repositories of all knowledge.

• The school emphasizes on the power of yajnas and mantras in sustaining activities of the universe

• It argues that salvation is possible through performing rituals; but it is also necessary to understand justification and reasoning behind Vedic rituals

• It is necessary to understand this reasoning if one wanted to perform the rituals perfectly, which, will allow them to attain salvation.

Hence statement 2 is correct

• Shrautism is a rare, orthodox tradition within Hinduism

• It is practiced by ultra-orthodox Nambudiri Brahmins in Kerala.

• They follow Purva Mimamsa School of Philosophy and place utmost importance on Vedic sacrificial rituals.

Hence statement 3 is correct

• Question 13 of 30 13. Question 1 points Consider the following literary works: Brihadeeshi Dattilam Natyashastra How many of the above book’s deals with Indian music? (a) 3 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1 only Correct Solution: C Natyashastra by Bharata was the first work that clarified and elaborated on the subject of musicology; it conta6 several important chapters on music especially those that identified the octave and elaborated on its 22 keys These 22 keys were recognised as Sruti’s; this distinction was made in the Dattilam, a text that endorsed the existence of 22 shrutis and suggested that these were the only sounds that the human body could make. Sangeet Ratnakara, a 13th century book written by musicologist Sarangadeva supported it Brihadeeshi was written in Sanskrit between 6th and 8th century by Matanga and focused on the definition of the word raga. Hence options 1, 2 and 3 are correct Incorrect Solution: C Natyashastra by Bharata was the first work that clarified and elaborated on the subject of musicology; it conta6 several important chapters on music especially those that identified the octave and elaborated on its 22 keys These 22 keys were recognised as Sruti’s; this distinction was made in the Dattilam, a text that endorsed the existence of 22 shrutis and suggested that these were the only sounds that the human body could make. Sangeet Ratnakara, a 13th century book written by musicologist Sarangadeva supported it Brihadeeshi was written in Sanskrit between 6th and 8th century by Matanga and focused on the definition of the word raga. Hence options 1, 2 and 3 are correct

#### 13. Question

Consider the following literary works:

• Brihadeeshi

• Natyashastra

How many of the above book’s deals with Indian music?

• (a) 3 only

• (b) 1 and 3 only

• (c) 1, 2 and 3

• (d) 1 only

Solution: C

• Natyashastra by Bharata was the first work that clarified and elaborated on the subject of musicology; it conta6 several important chapters on music especially those that identified the octave and elaborated on its 22 keys

• These 22 keys were recognised as Sruti’s; this distinction was made in the Dattilam, a text that endorsed the existence of 22 shrutis and suggested that these were the only sounds that the human body could make.

• Sangeet Ratnakara, a 13th century book written by musicologist Sarangadeva supported it

• Brihadeeshi was written in Sanskrit between 6th and 8th century by Matanga and focused on the definition of the word raga.

Hence options 1, 2 and 3 are correct

Solution: C

• Sangeet Ratnakara, a 13th century book written by musicologist Sarangadeva supported it

• Brihadeeshi was written in Sanskrit between 6th and 8th century by Matanga and focused on the definition of the word raga.

Hence options 1, 2 and 3 are correct

• Question 14 of 30 14. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: Tolkappiyam is the first literary work on Tamil grammar that was published in the first Sangam Council. The Sangam literature provides an account of both political and social life during the 3rd century BC to 3rd century CE. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: B The first Sangam is believed to have held at Madurai and attended by Gods and legendary sages. No literary work of this Sangam is available. Tolkappiyam was written by Tolkappiyar It is considered the first Tamil literary work. Hence statement 1 is incorrect The period roughly between 3rd Century BC and 3rd Century AD in South India is known as Sangam period. It has been named after Sangam academies held during the period that flourished under the royal patronage of the Pandya rulers of Madurai. The Sangam literature was probably compiled by the Sangam or assembly of poets at Madurai. This literature depicts the political, economic, social and cultural life of the Tamil region during the Sangam age. Hence statement 2 is correct Incorrect Solution: B The first Sangam is believed to have held at Madurai and attended by Gods and legendary sages. No literary work of this Sangam is available. Tolkappiyam was written by Tolkappiyar It is considered the first Tamil literary work. Hence statement 1 is incorrect The period roughly between 3rd Century BC and 3rd Century AD in South India is known as Sangam period. It has been named after Sangam academies held during the period that flourished under the royal patronage of the Pandya rulers of Madurai. The Sangam literature was probably compiled by the Sangam or assembly of poets at Madurai. This literature depicts the political, economic, social and cultural life of the Tamil region during the Sangam age. Hence statement 2 is correct

#### 14. Question

Consider the following statements:

• Tolkappiyam is the first literary work on Tamil grammar that was published in the first Sangam Council.

• The Sangam literature provides an account of both political and social life during the 3rd century BC to 3rd century CE.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: B

• The first Sangam is believed to have held at Madurai and attended by Gods and legendary sages. No literary work of this Sangam is available.

• Tolkappiyam was written by Tolkappiyar

• It is considered the first Tamil literary work.

Hence statement 1 is incorrect

• The period roughly between 3rd Century BC and 3rd Century AD in South India is known as Sangam period.

• It has been named after Sangam academies held during the period that flourished under the royal patronage of the Pandya rulers of Madurai.

• The Sangam literature was probably compiled by the Sangam or assembly of poets at Madurai.

• This literature depicts the political, economic, social and cultural life of the Tamil region during the Sangam age.

Hence statement 2 is correct

Solution: B

• The first Sangam is believed to have held at Madurai and attended by Gods and legendary sages. No literary work of this Sangam is available.

• Tolkappiyam was written by Tolkappiyar

• It is considered the first Tamil literary work.

Hence statement 1 is incorrect

• The period roughly between 3rd Century BC and 3rd Century AD in South India is known as Sangam period.

• It has been named after Sangam academies held during the period that flourished under the royal patronage of the Pandya rulers of Madurai.

• The Sangam literature was probably compiled by the Sangam or assembly of poets at Madurai.

• This literature depicts the political, economic, social and cultural life of the Tamil region during the Sangam age.

Hence statement 2 is correct

• Question 15 of 30 15. Question 1 points Consider the following literary works: Kalpa Sutra Udana Mahapurana How many of the above are Jain literary works? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Kalpa Sutra was written by Bhadrabahu (3rd century BC); it is a biography of Jain tirthankaras. Bhadrabahu was one of the greatest Jain monks and the teacher of Chandragupta Maurya; he was the pioneer of Digambara sect of Jainism. Mahapurana waa written by Jinasena (in 8th– 9th century AD), a Digambara monk and a disciple of famous Jain Saint Virasena. Hence options 1 and 3 are correct Udana is one of the oldest Theravada Buddhist texts; it contains the famous story of the Blind Men and the Elephant Hence option 2 is incorrect Incorrect Solution: B Kalpa Sutra was written by Bhadrabahu (3rd century BC); it is a biography of Jain tirthankaras. Bhadrabahu was one of the greatest Jain monks and the teacher of Chandragupta Maurya; he was the pioneer of Digambara sect of Jainism. Mahapurana waa written by Jinasena (in 8th– 9th century AD), a Digambara monk and a disciple of famous Jain Saint Virasena. Hence options 1 and 3 are correct Udana is one of the oldest Theravada Buddhist texts; it contains the famous story of the Blind Men and the Elephant Hence option 2 is incorrect

#### 15. Question

Consider the following literary works:

• Kalpa Sutra

• Mahapurana

How many of the above are Jain literary works?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• Kalpa Sutra was written by Bhadrabahu (3rd century BC); it is a biography of Jain tirthankaras. Bhadrabahu was one of the greatest Jain monks and the teacher of Chandragupta Maurya; he was the pioneer of Digambara sect of Jainism.

• Mahapurana waa written by Jinasena (in 8th– 9th century AD), a Digambara monk and a disciple of famous Jain Saint Virasena.

Hence options 1 and 3 are correct

• Udana is one of the oldest Theravada Buddhist texts; it contains the famous story of the Blind Men and the Elephant

Hence option 2 is incorrect

Solution: B

• Mahapurana waa written by Jinasena (in 8th– 9th century AD), a Digambara monk and a disciple of famous Jain Saint Virasena.

Hence options 1 and 3 are correct

• Udana is one of the oldest Theravada Buddhist texts; it contains the famous story of the Blind Men and the Elephant

Hence option 2 is incorrect

• Question 16 of 30 16. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Varkari Sect: The Varkaris worship Vishnu in his manifestation as Vithoba. The sect is so named due to their religious chanting known as Vari. Annual pilgrimage of the followers to Pandaharpur in Maharashtra include events like Ringan and Dhava. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Correct Solution: A The Varkari sampradaya are devotees of Lord Vishnu in his manifestation as Vithoba The worship is centred in Vithoba temple of Pandharpur in Maharashtra Their annual pilgrimage event (Vari) involves interesting events; the events Ringan and Dhava are held during the pilgrimage. During Ringan, a Sacred horse runs through the rows of pilgrims who try catching the dust particles kicked off and smear their heads with the same. In the Vari, the Varkaris carry the paduka’s of the saint in palkies from samadhi to Pandharpur. Hence statements 1 and 3 are correct Vari refers to the annual pilgrimage undertaken by the Varkari sampradaya. Hence statement 2 is incorrect Incorrect Solution: A The Varkari sampradaya are devotees of Lord Vishnu in his manifestation as Vithoba The worship is centred in Vithoba temple of Pandharpur in Maharashtra Their annual pilgrimage event (Vari) involves interesting events; the events Ringan and Dhava are held during the pilgrimage. During Ringan, a Sacred horse runs through the rows of pilgrims who try catching the dust particles kicked off and smear their heads with the same. In the Vari, the Varkaris carry the paduka’s of the saint in palkies from samadhi to Pandharpur. Hence statements 1 and 3 are correct Vari refers to the annual pilgrimage undertaken by the Varkari sampradaya. Hence statement 2 is incorrect

#### 16. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Varkari Sect:

• The Varkaris worship Vishnu in his manifestation as Vithoba.

• The sect is so named due to their religious chanting known as Vari.

• Annual pilgrimage of the followers to Pandaharpur in Maharashtra include events like Ringan and Dhava.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 and 3 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) 1 and 2 only

• (d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: A

• The Varkari sampradaya are devotees of Lord Vishnu in his manifestation as Vithoba

• The worship is centred in Vithoba temple of Pandharpur in Maharashtra

• Their annual pilgrimage event (Vari) involves interesting events; the events Ringan and Dhava are held during the pilgrimage.

• During Ringan, a Sacred horse runs through the rows of pilgrims who try catching the dust particles kicked off and smear their heads with the same.

• In the Vari, the Varkaris carry the paduka’s of the saint in palkies from samadhi to Pandharpur.

Hence statements 1 and 3 are correct

• Vari refers to the annual pilgrimage undertaken by the Varkari sampradaya.

Hence statement 2 is incorrect

Solution: A

• The Varkari sampradaya are devotees of Lord Vishnu in his manifestation as Vithoba

• The worship is centred in Vithoba temple of Pandharpur in Maharashtra

• Their annual pilgrimage event (Vari) involves interesting events; the events Ringan and Dhava are held during the pilgrimage.

• During Ringan, a Sacred horse runs through the rows of pilgrims who try catching the dust particles kicked off and smear their heads with the same.

• In the Vari, the Varkaris carry the paduka’s of the saint in palkies from samadhi to Pandharpur.

Hence statements 1 and 3 are correct

• Vari refers to the annual pilgrimage undertaken by the Varkari sampradaya.

Hence statement 2 is incorrect

• Question 17 of 30 17. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: Dvaita Vedanta philosophy was proposed by Madhavacharya, a Kannada Saint of Karnataka. Unlike Vishishtadvaita Vedanta of Ramanuja, Dvaita Vedanta propounds that individual soul and the supreme being are eternally connected. Madhavacharya was the author of Gita Bhasya. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Correct Solution: C Dvaita Vedanta was proposed by Madhavacharya. Madhavacharya was a medieval Kannada saint from Karnataka. He proposed that there is a fundamental difference between Atman (individual soul) and the Brahman (or the ultimate reality or Vishnu). Prominent literary works of madhavacharya includes Gita Bhasya, Anu Bhasya, Karma Nirnaya, Brahma Sutra Bhashya. Hence statements 1 and 3 are correct Madhavacharya was a critic of Advaita Vedanta philosophy of Adi Shankaracharya as well as Vishishtadvaita Vedanta of Ramanuja. Dvaita Vedanta is a dualistic philosophy that proposes that the Supreme being and individual soul are eternally separate and distinct. On the other hand, Vishishtadvaita is a non-dualistic philosophy which proposes that individual soul and the supreme being are interconnected as a whole but not identical; the relationship between the soul and the supreme being is like the relation between body and the soul. Hence statement 2 is incorrect Incorrect Solution: C Dvaita Vedanta was proposed by Madhavacharya. Madhavacharya was a medieval Kannada saint from Karnataka. He proposed that there is a fundamental difference between Atman (individual soul) and the Brahman (or the ultimate reality or Vishnu). Prominent literary works of madhavacharya includes Gita Bhasya, Anu Bhasya, Karma Nirnaya, Brahma Sutra Bhashya. Hence statements 1 and 3 are correct Madhavacharya was a critic of Advaita Vedanta philosophy of Adi Shankaracharya as well as Vishishtadvaita Vedanta of Ramanuja. Dvaita Vedanta is a dualistic philosophy that proposes that the Supreme being and individual soul are eternally separate and distinct. On the other hand, Vishishtadvaita is a non-dualistic philosophy which proposes that individual soul and the supreme being are interconnected as a whole but not identical; the relationship between the soul and the supreme being is like the relation between body and the soul. Hence statement 2 is incorrect

#### 17. Question

Consider the following statements:

• Dvaita Vedanta philosophy was proposed by Madhavacharya, a Kannada Saint of Karnataka.

• Unlike Vishishtadvaita Vedanta of Ramanuja, Dvaita Vedanta propounds that individual soul and the supreme being are eternally connected.

• Madhavacharya was the author of Gita Bhasya.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 and 2 only

• (b) 3 only

• (c) 1 and 3 only

• (d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: C

• Dvaita Vedanta was proposed by Madhavacharya.

• Madhavacharya was a medieval Kannada saint from Karnataka.

• He proposed that there is a fundamental difference between Atman (individual soul) and the Brahman (or the ultimate reality or Vishnu).

• Prominent literary works of madhavacharya includes Gita Bhasya, Anu Bhasya, Karma Nirnaya, Brahma Sutra Bhashya.

Hence statements 1 and 3 are correct

• Madhavacharya was a critic of Advaita Vedanta philosophy of Adi Shankaracharya as well as Vishishtadvaita Vedanta of Ramanuja.

• Dvaita Vedanta is a dualistic philosophy that proposes that the Supreme being and individual soul are eternally separate and distinct.

• On the other hand, Vishishtadvaita is a non-dualistic philosophy which proposes that individual soul and the supreme being are interconnected as a whole but not identical; the relationship between the soul and the supreme being is like the relation between body and the soul.

Hence statement 2 is incorrect

Solution: C

• Dvaita Vedanta was proposed by Madhavacharya.

• Madhavacharya was a medieval Kannada saint from Karnataka.

• He proposed that there is a fundamental difference between Atman (individual soul) and the Brahman (or the ultimate reality or Vishnu).

• Prominent literary works of madhavacharya includes Gita Bhasya, Anu Bhasya, Karma Nirnaya, Brahma Sutra Bhashya.

Hence statements 1 and 3 are correct

• Madhavacharya was a critic of Advaita Vedanta philosophy of Adi Shankaracharya as well as Vishishtadvaita Vedanta of Ramanuja.

• Dvaita Vedanta is a dualistic philosophy that proposes that the Supreme being and individual soul are eternally separate and distinct.

Hence statement 2 is incorrect

• Question 18 of 30 18. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: The Dashanami Sect is associated with Advaita Vedanta tradition of Adi Shankaracharya. The rules for Dashanami Sanyasis are mentioned in the spiritual text Dasbodh. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: A Dashnami Sanyasis are associated with Advaita Vedanta tradition The philosophy asserts the non-duality of the individual soul (Atman) and the universal soul or Brahman; it proposes that the world is an illusion (Maya) and the ultimate reality is Brahman, the One Consciousness. Dashnamis are disciples of Adi Shankaracharya who proposed the Advaita Vedanta traditions. They are called Dash Naam Sanyasi as they are further divided into 10 groups. Hence statement 1 is correct Dasbodh which means ‘advise to the disciple’, is a 17th century bhakti spiritual text written in Marathi that was originally narrated orally by Saint Samarth Ramdas to his disciple Kalyan Swami. The book provides followers with spiritual guidance on matters including devotion and acquisition of knowledge. Hence statement 2 is incorrect Incorrect Solution: A Dashnami Sanyasis are associated with Advaita Vedanta tradition The philosophy asserts the non-duality of the individual soul (Atman) and the universal soul or Brahman; it proposes that the world is an illusion (Maya) and the ultimate reality is Brahman, the One Consciousness. Dashnamis are disciples of Adi Shankaracharya who proposed the Advaita Vedanta traditions. They are called Dash Naam Sanyasi as they are further divided into 10 groups. Hence statement 1 is correct Dasbodh which means ‘advise to the disciple’, is a 17th century bhakti spiritual text written in Marathi that was originally narrated orally by Saint Samarth Ramdas to his disciple Kalyan Swami. The book provides followers with spiritual guidance on matters including devotion and acquisition of knowledge. Hence statement 2 is incorrect

#### 18. Question

Consider the following statements:

• The Dashanami Sect is associated with Advaita Vedanta tradition of Adi Shankaracharya.

• The rules for Dashanami Sanyasis are mentioned in the spiritual text Dasbodh.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: A

• Dashnami Sanyasis are associated with Advaita Vedanta tradition

• The philosophy asserts the non-duality of the individual soul (Atman) and the universal soul or Brahman; it proposes that the world is an illusion (Maya) and the ultimate reality is Brahman, the One Consciousness.

• Dashnamis are disciples of Adi Shankaracharya who proposed the Advaita Vedanta traditions.

• They are called Dash Naam Sanyasi as they are further divided into 10 groups.

Hence statement 1 is correct

• Dasbodh which means ‘advise to the disciple’, is a 17th century bhakti spiritual text written in Marathi that was originally narrated orally by Saint Samarth Ramdas to his disciple Kalyan Swami.

• The book provides followers with spiritual guidance on matters including devotion and acquisition of knowledge.

Hence statement 2 is incorrect

Solution: A

• Dashnami Sanyasis are associated with Advaita Vedanta tradition

• Dashnamis are disciples of Adi Shankaracharya who proposed the Advaita Vedanta traditions.

• They are called Dash Naam Sanyasi as they are further divided into 10 groups.

Hence statement 1 is correct

• The book provides followers with spiritual guidance on matters including devotion and acquisition of knowledge.

Hence statement 2 is incorrect

• Question 19 of 30 19. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: Statement – I: Trika Shaivism incorporates Tantric traditions. Statement – II: Trika Shaivism is an offshoot of Vajrayana Buddhism that developed under patronage of the Pala rulers of Bengal. Which of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement -I and Statement -II are correct and Statement -II explains Statement -I (b) Both Statement -I and Statement -II are correct but Statement -II does not explain Statement -I (c) Statement- I is correct but Statement -II is incorrect (d) Statement- I is incorrect but Statement -II is correct Correct Solution: C Trika Shaivism or Kashmiri Shaivism is a non- dualistic School of Shiva Tantra Hinduism that developed in Kashmir after 850 CE. It centred on the three principles (trika) of Shiva, Shakti and the individual soul The philosophy advocates the inherent unity of all things with Shiva as the ultimate reality and the source of all creation It incorporates Tantric practices including rituals, mantras and visualisations to facility realisation of unity with Shiva. Hence statement 1 is correct Kashmiri Shaivism is not an offshoot of Vajrayana Buddhism. Both the traditions share some commonalities but they are different and have different origin and philosophical foundations. Trika Shaivism is a non-dualistic branch of Shiva Shakti tantra Hinduism that originated in Kashmir while Vajrayana Buddhism is a branch of Mahayana Buddhism that emerged in Eastern India and spread to Tibet and adjoining areas. Hence statement 2 is incorrect Incorrect Solution: C Trika Shaivism or Kashmiri Shaivism is a non- dualistic School of Shiva Tantra Hinduism that developed in Kashmir after 850 CE. It centred on the three principles (trika) of Shiva, Shakti and the individual soul The philosophy advocates the inherent unity of all things with Shiva as the ultimate reality and the source of all creation It incorporates Tantric practices including rituals, mantras and visualisations to facility realisation of unity with Shiva. Hence statement 1 is correct Kashmiri Shaivism is not an offshoot of Vajrayana Buddhism. Both the traditions share some commonalities but they are different and have different origin and philosophical foundations. Trika Shaivism is a non-dualistic branch of Shiva Shakti tantra Hinduism that originated in Kashmir while Vajrayana Buddhism is a branch of Mahayana Buddhism that emerged in Eastern India and spread to Tibet and adjoining areas. Hence statement 2 is incorrect

#### 19. Question

Consider the following statements:

Statement – I: Trika Shaivism incorporates Tantric traditions.

Statement – II: Trika Shaivism is an offshoot of Vajrayana Buddhism that developed under patronage of the Pala rulers of Bengal.

Which of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement -I and Statement -II are correct and Statement -II explains Statement -I

• (b) Both Statement -I and Statement -II are correct but Statement -II does not explain Statement -I

• (c) Statement- I is correct but Statement -II is incorrect

• (d) Statement- I is incorrect but Statement -II is correct

Solution: C

• Trika Shaivism or Kashmiri Shaivism is a non- dualistic School of Shiva Tantra Hinduism that developed in Kashmir after 850 CE.

• It centred on the three principles (trika) of Shiva, Shakti and the individual soul

• The philosophy advocates the inherent unity of all things with Shiva as the ultimate reality and the source of all creation

• It incorporates Tantric practices including rituals, mantras and visualisations to facility realisation of unity with Shiva.

Hence statement 1 is correct

• Kashmiri Shaivism is not an offshoot of Vajrayana Buddhism.

• Both the traditions share some commonalities but they are different and have different origin and philosophical foundations.

• Trika Shaivism is a non-dualistic branch of Shiva Shakti tantra Hinduism that originated in Kashmir while Vajrayana Buddhism is a branch of Mahayana Buddhism that emerged in Eastern India and spread to Tibet and adjoining areas.

Hence statement 2 is incorrect

Solution: C

• Trika Shaivism or Kashmiri Shaivism is a non- dualistic School of Shiva Tantra Hinduism that developed in Kashmir after 850 CE.

• It centred on the three principles (trika) of Shiva, Shakti and the individual soul

• The philosophy advocates the inherent unity of all things with Shiva as the ultimate reality and the source of all creation

• It incorporates Tantric practices including rituals, mantras and visualisations to facility realisation of unity with Shiva.

Hence statement 1 is correct

• Kashmiri Shaivism is not an offshoot of Vajrayana Buddhism.

• Both the traditions share some commonalities but they are different and have different origin and philosophical foundations.

Hence statement 2 is incorrect

• Question 20 of 30 20. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding National School of Drama (NSD): It is one of its kind theatre training institutions in India that was originally setup by the Sangeet Natak Akademi. Bharat Rang Mahotsav is the annual theatre festival organised by it. It presents the ‘Tulsi Samman’, named after Tulsidas, the author of Ramcharitmanas. How many of the statements given above are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B The National School of Drama is one of the foremost theatre training institutions in the world and one of its kind in India. It was set up by the Sangeet Natak Akademi as one of its constituent units in 1959. In 1975 it became an independent entity and was registered as an autonomous organisation under the Societies Registration Act XXI, 1860, fully financed by the Ministry of Culture. Hence statement 1 is correct. The Bharat Rang Mahotsav on the national theatre festival was started in 1999 by NSD. It is acknowledged as the largest theatre festival of Asia dedicated solely to theatre. it was started by NSD in order to contribute to the growth and development of theatre across India. Hence statement 2 is correct. The Tulsi Samman is presented annually by the Government of Madhya Pradesh. It is named after Tulsidas, a prominent Saint, poet and philosopher and the author of Ramcharitmanas It is presented for outstanding achievement in one of the four categories of art, theatre, dance and music. Hence statement 3 is incorrect. Incorrect Solution: B The National School of Drama is one of the foremost theatre training institutions in the world and one of its kind in India. It was set up by the Sangeet Natak Akademi as one of its constituent units in 1959. In 1975 it became an independent entity and was registered as an autonomous organisation under the Societies Registration Act XXI, 1860, fully financed by the Ministry of Culture. Hence statement 1 is correct. The Bharat Rang Mahotsav on the national theatre festival was started in 1999 by NSD. It is acknowledged as the largest theatre festival of Asia dedicated solely to theatre. it was started by NSD in order to contribute to the growth and development of theatre across India. Hence statement 2 is correct. The Tulsi Samman is presented annually by the Government of Madhya Pradesh. It is named after Tulsidas, a prominent Saint, poet and philosopher and the author of Ramcharitmanas It is presented for outstanding achievement in one of the four categories of art, theatre, dance and music. Hence statement 3 is incorrect.

#### 20. Question

Consider the following statements regarding National School of Drama (NSD):

• It is one of its kind theatre training institutions in India that was originally setup by the Sangeet Natak Akademi.

• Bharat Rang Mahotsav is the annual theatre festival organised by it.

• It presents the ‘Tulsi Samman’, named after Tulsidas, the author of Ramcharitmanas.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• The National School of Drama is one of the foremost theatre training institutions in the world and one of its kind in India.

• It was set up by the Sangeet Natak Akademi as one of its constituent units in 1959.

• In 1975 it became an independent entity and was registered as an autonomous organisation under the Societies Registration Act XXI, 1860, fully financed by the Ministry of Culture.

Hence statement 1 is correct.

• The Bharat Rang Mahotsav on the national theatre festival was started in 1999 by NSD.

• It is acknowledged as the largest theatre festival of Asia dedicated solely to theatre.

• it was started by NSD in order to contribute to the growth and development of theatre across India.

Hence statement 2 is correct.

• The Tulsi Samman is presented annually by the Government of Madhya Pradesh.

• It is named after Tulsidas, a prominent Saint, poet and philosopher and the author of Ramcharitmanas

• It is presented for outstanding achievement in one of the four categories of art, theatre, dance and music.

Hence statement 3 is incorrect.

Solution: B

• The National School of Drama is one of the foremost theatre training institutions in the world and one of its kind in India.

• It was set up by the Sangeet Natak Akademi as one of its constituent units in 1959.

• In 1975 it became an independent entity and was registered as an autonomous organisation under the Societies Registration Act XXI, 1860, fully financed by the Ministry of Culture.

Hence statement 1 is correct.

• The Bharat Rang Mahotsav on the national theatre festival was started in 1999 by NSD.

• It is acknowledged as the largest theatre festival of Asia dedicated solely to theatre.

• it was started by NSD in order to contribute to the growth and development of theatre across India.

Hence statement 2 is correct.

• The Tulsi Samman is presented annually by the Government of Madhya Pradesh.

• It is named after Tulsidas, a prominent Saint, poet and philosopher and the author of Ramcharitmanas

• It is presented for outstanding achievement in one of the four categories of art, theatre, dance and music.

Hence statement 3 is incorrect.

• Question 21 of 30 21. Question 1 points In oceanography, the “Twilight Zone” is crucial for Earth’s climate system primarily because: (a) It supports hydrothermal vent activity, releasing methane for climate regulation (b) It is a major carbon sink where organisms sequester atmospheric CO₂ through biological processes (c) It helps reflect sunlight back into space, preventing ocean surface warming (d) It moderates temperature exchange between polar and tropical waters Correct Answer: B Explanation: The Twilight Zone, or mesopelagic zone, lies between 200–1,000 meters beneath the ocean surface and is known for its dim light and unique biological activity. This zone plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle by acting as a carbon sink. Marine organisms residing here feed on phytoplankton and organic matter from the surface and produce organic waste that sinks to deeper layers—this is part of the biological carbon pump. The daily vertical migration of mesopelagic species (the largest animal migration on Earth) moves biomass and associated carbon between the surface and deeper ocean layers. This carbon sequestration process slows the return of CO₂ to the atmosphere, thus moderating global climate change. While hydrothermal vents (option a) and albedo (option b) are important in other contexts, the twilight zone’s primary climatic importance lies in its biological role in CO₂ capture, making option (c) correct. Incorrect Answer: B Explanation: The Twilight Zone, or mesopelagic zone, lies between 200–1,000 meters beneath the ocean surface and is known for its dim light and unique biological activity. This zone plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle by acting as a carbon sink. Marine organisms residing here feed on phytoplankton and organic matter from the surface and produce organic waste that sinks to deeper layers—this is part of the biological carbon pump. The daily vertical migration of mesopelagic species (the largest animal migration on Earth) moves biomass and associated carbon between the surface and deeper ocean layers. This carbon sequestration process slows the return of CO₂ to the atmosphere, thus moderating global climate change. While hydrothermal vents (option a) and albedo (option b) are important in other contexts, the twilight zone’s primary climatic importance lies in its biological role in CO₂ capture, making option (c) correct.

#### 21. Question

In oceanography, the “Twilight Zone” is crucial for Earth’s climate system primarily because:

• (a) It supports hydrothermal vent activity, releasing methane for climate regulation

• (b) It is a major carbon sink where organisms sequester atmospheric CO₂ through biological processes

• (c) It helps reflect sunlight back into space, preventing ocean surface warming

• (d) It moderates temperature exchange between polar and tropical waters

Explanation: The Twilight Zone, or mesopelagic zone, lies between 200–1,000 meters beneath the ocean surface and is known for its dim light and unique biological activity.

• This zone plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle by acting as a carbon sink. Marine organisms residing here feed on phytoplankton and organic matter from the surface and produce organic waste that sinks to deeper layers—this is part of the biological carbon pump.

• The daily vertical migration of mesopelagic species (the largest animal migration on Earth) moves biomass and associated carbon between the surface and deeper ocean layers. This carbon sequestration process slows the return of CO₂ to the atmosphere, thus moderating global climate change.

• While hydrothermal vents (option a) and albedo (option b) are important in other contexts, the twilight zone’s primary climatic importance lies in its biological role in CO₂ capture, making option (c) correct.

Explanation: The Twilight Zone, or mesopelagic zone, lies between 200–1,000 meters beneath the ocean surface and is known for its dim light and unique biological activity.

• Question 22 of 30 22. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding cybersquatting: Cybersquatting involves registering domain names that are deceptively similar to famous trademarks with the intent to sell or misuse. Indian courts have upheld that domain names are entitled to trademark protection under the Trademarks Act, 1999. Which of the above statements are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Answer: C Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Cybersquatting typically involves the registration of domain names that are identical or confusingly similar to the trademarks of known brands or individuals, with the intention of monetizing or blocking legitimate use. This is recognized globally under ICANN’s Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP) and in India under the Information Technology Act, 2000 and judicial precedents. Statement 2 is correct. Indian courts, notably in Yahoo v. Akash Arora, have held that domain names can be protected under trademark law, especially when there is likelihood of confusion or damage to goodwill. Courts have granted injunctions against cybersquatters, treating domain names as intellectual property that can cause brand dilution or consumer confusion. Hence, both statements are correct. Incorrect Answer: C Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Cybersquatting typically involves the registration of domain names that are identical or confusingly similar to the trademarks of known brands or individuals, with the intention of monetizing or blocking legitimate use. This is recognized globally under ICANN’s Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP) and in India under the Information Technology Act, 2000 and judicial precedents. Statement 2 is correct. Indian courts, notably in Yahoo v. Akash Arora, have held that domain names can be protected under trademark law, especially when there is likelihood of confusion or damage to goodwill. Courts have granted injunctions against cybersquatters, treating domain names as intellectual property that can cause brand dilution or consumer confusion. Hence, both statements are correct.

#### 22. Question

Consider the following statements regarding cybersquatting:

• Cybersquatting involves registering domain names that are deceptively similar to famous trademarks with the intent to sell or misuse.

• Indian courts have upheld that domain names are entitled to trademark protection under the Trademarks Act, 1999.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct. Cybersquatting typically involves the registration of domain names that are identical or confusingly similar to the trademarks of known brands or individuals, with the intention of monetizing or blocking legitimate use. This is recognized globally under ICANN’s Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP) and in India under the Information Technology Act, 2000 and judicial precedents.

• This is recognized globally under ICANN’s Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP) and in India under the Information Technology Act, 2000 and judicial precedents.

• Statement 2 is correct. Indian courts, notably in Yahoo v. Akash Arora, have held that domain names can be protected under trademark law, especially when there is likelihood of confusion or damage to goodwill. Courts have granted injunctions against cybersquatters, treating domain names as intellectual property that can cause brand dilution or consumer confusion.

• Courts have granted injunctions against cybersquatters, treating domain names as intellectual property that can cause brand dilution or consumer confusion.

Hence, both statements are correct.

Explanation:

• This is recognized globally under ICANN’s Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP) and in India under the Information Technology Act, 2000 and judicial precedents.

• Courts have granted injunctions against cybersquatters, treating domain names as intellectual property that can cause brand dilution or consumer confusion.

Hence, both statements are correct.

• Question 23 of 30 23. Question 1 points The system known as “Thirayattam”, where land revenue was collected in kind during festivals and ritual occasions, was observed in: (a) Malabar region of Kerala (b) Guntur region of Andhra Pradesh (c) Bhagalpur region of Bihar (d) Rajputana agency of Rajasthan Correct Solution: A Explanation: Thirayattam was a traditional land revenue collection system practiced in the Malabar region of Kerala (part of the erstwhile Zamorin kingdom of Calicut). How it worked? Revenue was collected in kind (agricultural produce, livestock, etc.) rather than cash. Payments were made during festivals, temple rituals, or special occasions as part of socio-religious obligations. It was a decentralized system, often managed by local chieftains (Naduvazhis) and temples. Incorrect Solution: A Explanation: Thirayattam was a traditional land revenue collection system practiced in the Malabar region of Kerala (part of the erstwhile Zamorin kingdom of Calicut). How it worked? Revenue was collected in kind (agricultural produce, livestock, etc.) rather than cash. Payments were made during festivals, temple rituals, or special occasions as part of socio-religious obligations. It was a decentralized system, often managed by local chieftains (Naduvazhis) and temples.

#### 23. Question

The system known as “Thirayattam”, where land revenue was collected in kind during festivals and ritual occasions, was observed in:

• (a) Malabar region of Kerala

• (b) Guntur region of Andhra Pradesh

• (c) Bhagalpur region of Bihar

• (d) Rajputana agency of Rajasthan

Solution: A

Explanation:

Thirayattam was a traditional land revenue collection system practiced in the Malabar region of Kerala (part of the erstwhile Zamorin kingdom of Calicut).

• How it worked? Revenue was collected in kind (agricultural produce, livestock, etc.) rather than cash. Payments were made during festivals, temple rituals, or special occasions as part of socio-religious obligations. It was a decentralized system, often managed by local chieftains (Naduvazhis) and temples.

• Revenue was collected in kind (agricultural produce, livestock, etc.) rather than cash.

• Payments were made during festivals, temple rituals, or special occasions as part of socio-religious obligations.

• It was a decentralized system, often managed by local chieftains (Naduvazhis) and temples.

Solution: A

Explanation:

Thirayattam was a traditional land revenue collection system practiced in the Malabar region of Kerala (part of the erstwhile Zamorin kingdom of Calicut).

• Revenue was collected in kind (agricultural produce, livestock, etc.) rather than cash.

• Payments were made during festivals, temple rituals, or special occasions as part of socio-religious obligations.

• It was a decentralized system, often managed by local chieftains (Naduvazhis) and temples.

• Question 24 of 30 24. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: Statement-I: Melting glaciers in the Alps are leading Switzerland and Italy to redefine parts of their shared national boundary. Statement-II: International boundaries are static and cannot be altered due to natural or climatic changes under customary international law. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Answer: C Explanation: Statement-I is correct. Italy and Switzerland are redrawing segments of their Alpine border—notably around Plateau Rosa and Gobba di Rollin—as glacier retreat has shifted the hydrological divides which once defined their boundary. This is an early example of climate change altering geopolitical realities. Statement-II is incorrect. While international borders are often considered stable, customary international law does allow for natural changes (like river shifts or glacial retreat) to trigger border negotiations, especially when borders are defined by natural landmarks. These changes require bilateral diplomatic agreements, as seen in this case. Therefore, the claim that borders cannot be altered due to climate-induced changes is false. Thus, the correct answer is (c). Incorrect Answer: C Explanation: Statement-I is correct. Italy and Switzerland are redrawing segments of their Alpine border—notably around Plateau Rosa and Gobba di Rollin—as glacier retreat has shifted the hydrological divides which once defined their boundary. This is an early example of climate change altering geopolitical realities. Statement-II is incorrect. While international borders are often considered stable, customary international law does allow for natural changes (like river shifts or glacial retreat) to trigger border negotiations, especially when borders are defined by natural landmarks. These changes require bilateral diplomatic agreements, as seen in this case. Therefore, the claim that borders cannot be altered due to climate-induced changes is false. Thus, the correct answer is (c).

#### 24. Question

Consider the following statements:

Statement-I: Melting glaciers in the Alps are leading Switzerland and Italy to redefine parts of their shared national boundary. Statement-II: International boundaries are static and cannot be altered due to natural or climatic changes under customary international law.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Explanation:

Statement-I is correct. Italy and Switzerland are redrawing segments of their Alpine border—notably around Plateau Rosa and Gobba di Rollin—as glacier retreat has shifted the hydrological divides which once defined their boundary.

• This is an early example of climate change altering geopolitical realities.

Statement-II is incorrect. While international borders are often considered stable, customary international law does allow for natural changes (like river shifts or glacial retreat) to trigger border negotiations, especially when borders are defined by natural landmarks.

• These changes require bilateral diplomatic agreements, as seen in this case.

Therefore, the claim that borders cannot be altered due to climate-induced changes is false. Thus, the correct answer is (c).

Explanation:

• This is an early example of climate change altering geopolitical realities.

• These changes require bilateral diplomatic agreements, as seen in this case.

Therefore, the claim that borders cannot be altered due to climate-induced changes is false. Thus, the correct answer is (c).

• Question 25 of 30 25. Question 1 points The Horizon 2047 initiative, recently in news, is primarily related to: (a) India’s net-zero emissions target with France by 2047 (b) A trilateral maritime security agreement among India, France, and UAE (c) India-South Korea military industrial agreement for nuclear submarine technology transfer (d) A long-term bilateral roadmap to deepen India–France relations till India’s 100th year of independence Correct Answer: D Explanation: Horizon 2047 is a comprehensive strategic roadmap jointly launched by India and France to strengthen bilateral cooperation across diverse sectors by the year 2047. This target year is symbolically important as it marks 100 years of India’s independence, 100 years of India–France diplomatic relations, and 50 years of their strategic partnership. The initiative spans defense and security, energy transition, climate change, digital and space cooperation, civil nuclear cooperation, education, and cultural exchange. It reflects the shared vision of both nations to act as major global players in a multipolar world based on strategic autonomy, sustainable development, and democratic values. Hence, option (d) is the correct answer. Incorrect Answer: D Explanation: Horizon 2047 is a comprehensive strategic roadmap jointly launched by India and France to strengthen bilateral cooperation across diverse sectors by the year 2047. This target year is symbolically important as it marks 100 years of India’s independence, 100 years of India–France diplomatic relations, and 50 years of their strategic partnership. The initiative spans defense and security, energy transition, climate change, digital and space cooperation, civil nuclear cooperation, education, and cultural exchange. It reflects the shared vision of both nations to act as major global players in a multipolar world based on strategic autonomy, sustainable development, and democratic values. Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

#### 25. Question

The Horizon 2047 initiative, recently in news, is primarily related to:

• (a) India’s net-zero emissions target with France by 2047

• (b) A trilateral maritime security agreement among India, France, and UAE

• (c) India-South Korea military industrial agreement for nuclear submarine technology transfer

• (d) A long-term bilateral roadmap to deepen India–France relations till India’s 100th year of independence

Explanation:

Horizon 2047 is a comprehensive strategic roadmap jointly launched by India and France to strengthen bilateral cooperation across diverse sectors by the year 2047. This target year is symbolically important as it marks 100 years of India’s independence, 100 years of India–France diplomatic relations, and 50 years of their strategic partnership.

• The initiative spans defense and security, energy transition, climate change, digital and space cooperation, civil nuclear cooperation, education, and cultural exchange.

• It reflects the shared vision of both nations to act as major global players in a multipolar world based on strategic autonomy, sustainable development, and democratic values.

• Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

• The initiative spans defense and security, energy transition, climate change, digital and space cooperation, civil nuclear cooperation, education, and cultural exchange.

• It reflects the shared vision of both nations to act as major global players in a multipolar world based on strategic autonomy, sustainable development, and democratic values.

• Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

• Question 26 of 30 26. Question 1 points Many schools require students to wear a uniform. While some people point to advantages of wearing a uniform to school, others are against their mandatory status. This essay will examine the advantages and disadvantages of wearing a uniform to school and provide a conclusion. The two main advantages of wearing a uniform to school are elimination of social and economic differences and instilling discipline. Firstly, school uniforms make schoolchildren look the same, and in this way create a sense of equality among children in a particular school. For example, disguising social boundaries under the cover of a uniform prevent schoolchildren from becoming an easy target for bullies. Secondly, wearing a school uniform, as a sign of the school’s identity, helps to instil discipline because the uniform obliges a student to comply with the requirements and regulations of a particular school. If students break school laws, for example, by smoking in the school yard, they can be reminded that the fact that the students behaved inappropriately wearing a uniform indicates that they were aware what their belonging to the school community entails. However, wearing a school uniform has some disadvantages like suppression of students’ creativity and individuality. Creativity is one of the most important traits that a young person should foster in order to have a successful career. In all spheres of professional life, it is important to bridge creativity with the acquisition of new knowledge and skills. In this regard, the regulation to wear a uniform may turn students into passive youngsters who cannot express their individuality through their own choice of clothing. Therefore, it is important to enhance creativity and a sense of individuality of young children while their personalities are still developing, whereas the requirement to wear a school uniform places emphasis on sameness. In conclusion, wearing school uniforms can be advantageous in that it allows managing social and financial divides and fostering discipline in school. However, it should also be considered that school uniforms limit rather than enhance the development of a creative and versatile individual who would be able to perform effectively on one’s own. (349 words) Which of the following statements, if false, could be seen as supporting the passage? Uniforms stifle creativity and turn children into passive adults. School uniforms act as a social leveller. Select the correct answer using the code given below. a. 1 only b. 2 only c. Both 1 and 2 d. Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Correct Option : D Justification : For the statements to support the passage when false, they would have to go against the passage while true. Both the given statements support the passage if taken to be true as they show how uniforms can be beneficial as they prevent social and economic disparities from being visible but at the same time prevent children from expressing themselves through their appearance. Hence, D. Incorrect Correct Option : D Justification : For the statements to support the passage when false, they would have to go against the passage while true. Both the given statements support the passage if taken to be true as they show how uniforms can be beneficial as they prevent social and economic disparities from being visible but at the same time prevent children from expressing themselves through their appearance. Hence, D.

#### 26. Question

Many schools require students to wear a uniform. While some people point

to advantages of wearing a uniform to school, others are against their mandatory status. This essay will examine the advantages and disadvantages of wearing a uniform to school and provide a conclusion. The two main advantages of wearing a uniform to school are elimination of social and economic differences and instilling discipline.

Firstly, school uniforms make schoolchildren look the same, and in this way create a sense of equality among children in a particular school. For example, disguising social boundaries

under the cover of a uniform prevent schoolchildren from becoming an easy target for bullies.

Secondly, wearing a school uniform, as a sign of the school’s identity, helps to instil discipline because the uniform obliges a student to comply with the requirements and regulations of a particular school. If students break school laws, for example, by smoking in

the school yard, they can be reminded that the fact that the students behaved inappropriately wearing a uniform indicates that they were aware what their belonging to the school community entails.

However, wearing a school uniform has some disadvantages like suppression of students’ creativity and individuality. Creativity is one of the most important traits that a young person should foster in order to have a successful career. In all spheres of professional life, it is important to bridge creativity with the acquisition of new knowledge and skills. In this regard, the regulation to wear a uniform may turn students into passive youngsters who

cannot express their individuality through their own choice of clothing. Therefore,

it is important to enhance creativity and a sense of individuality of young children while their personalities are still developing, whereas the requirement to wear a school uniform places emphasis on sameness.

In conclusion, wearing school uniforms can be advantageous in that it allows managing social and financial divides and fostering discipline in school. However, it should also be considered that school uniforms limit rather than enhance the development of a creative and versatile individual who would be able to perform effectively on one’s own. (349 words)

Which of the following statements, if false, could be seen as supporting the passage?

• Uniforms stifle creativity and turn children into passive adults. School uniforms act as a social leveller.

• Uniforms stifle creativity and turn children into passive adults.

• School uniforms act as a social leveller.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

• c. Both 1 and 2

• d. Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Option : D

Justification :

For the statements to support the passage when false, they would have to go against the passage while true. Both the given statements support the passage if taken to be true as they show how uniforms can be beneficial as they prevent social and economic disparities from being visible but at the same time prevent children from expressing themselves through their appearance. Hence, D.

Correct Option : D

Justification :

• Question 27 of 30 27. Question 1 points The simple interest on a sum of money for 3 years is Rs. 360, and the compound interest on the same sum at the same rate for 2 years is Rs. 270. What is the rate percent per annum? a. 25% b. 50% c. 60% d. 80% Correct Correct Option : A Justification : SI for 1st year=360/3=Rs. 120=CI for 1st year. SI for 2 years = Rs. 240. Now, CI for 2 years= 270 So, Interest on SI for 1 year (i.e. Rs. 120)= 270 – 240 =Rs. 30 Hence, the required rate = (30/120) × 100= 25% Hence, option (a) is correct. Incorrect Correct Option : A Justification : SI for 1st year=360/3=Rs. 120=CI for 1st year. SI for 2 years = Rs. 240. Now, CI for 2 years= 270 So, Interest on SI for 1 year (i.e. Rs. 120)= 270 – 240 =Rs. 30 Hence, the required rate = (30/120) × 100= 25% Hence, option (a) is correct.

#### 27. Question

The simple interest on a sum of money for 3 years is Rs. 360, and the compound interest on the same sum at the same rate for 2 years is Rs. 270. What is the rate percent per annum?

Correct Option : A

Justification :

SI for 1st year=360/3=Rs. 120=CI for 1st year. SI for 2 years = Rs. 240. Now, CI for 2 years= 270 So, Interest on SI for 1 year (i.e. Rs. 120)= 270 – 240 =Rs. 30 Hence, the required rate = (30/120) × 100= 25%

Hence, option (a) is correct.

Correct Option : A

Justification :

Hence, option (a) is correct.

• Question 28 of 30 28. Question 1 points A man invests Rs.5000 for 3 years at 5% p.a. compound interest reckoned yearly. Income tax at the rate of 20% on the interest earned is deducted at the end of each year. Find the amount at the end of the third year a. Rs.5624.32 b. Rs.5423 c. Rs.5634 d. Rs.5976 Correct Correct Option : A Justification : 5% is the rate of interest. 20% of the interest amount is paid as tax. i.e 80% of the interest amount stays back. if we compute the rate of interest as 80% of 5% = 4% p.a., we will get the same value. The interest accrued for 3 years in compound interest = 3 x simple interest on principal + 3 x interest on simple interest + 1 x interest on interest on interest. = 3 x (200) + 3 x (8) + 1 x 0.32 =600 + 24 + 0.32 = 624.32 The amount at the end of 3 years = 5000 + 624.32 = 5624.32 Incorrect Correct Option : A Justification : 5% is the rate of interest. 20% of the interest amount is paid as tax. i.e 80% of the interest amount stays back. if we compute the rate of interest as 80% of 5% = 4% p.a., we will get the same value. The interest accrued for 3 years in compound interest = 3 x simple interest on principal + 3 x interest on simple interest + 1 x interest on interest on interest. = 3 x (200) + 3 x (8) + 1 x 0.32 =600 + 24 + 0.32 = 624.32 The amount at the end of 3 years = 5000 + 624.32 = 5624.32

#### 28. Question

A man invests Rs.5000 for 3 years at 5% p.a. compound interest reckoned yearly. Income tax at the rate of 20% on the interest earned is deducted at the end of each year. Find the amount at the end of the third year

• a. Rs.5624.32

• b. Rs.5423

• c. Rs.5634

• d. Rs.5976

Correct Option : A

Justification :

5% is the rate of interest. 20% of the interest amount is paid as tax.

i.e 80% of the interest amount stays back.

if we compute the rate of interest as 80% of 5% = 4% p.a., we will get the same value.

The interest accrued for 3 years in compound interest = 3 x simple interest on principal + 3 x interest on simple interest + 1 x interest on interest on interest.

= 3 x (200) + 3 x (8) + 1 x 0.32 =600 + 24 + 0.32 = 624.32

The amount at the end of 3 years = 5000 + 624.32 = 5624.32

Correct Option : A

Justification :

5% is the rate of interest. 20% of the interest amount is paid as tax.

i.e 80% of the interest amount stays back.

if we compute the rate of interest as 80% of 5% = 4% p.a., we will get the same value.

The interest accrued for 3 years in compound interest = 3 x simple interest on principal + 3 x interest on simple interest + 1 x interest on interest on interest.

= 3 x (200) + 3 x (8) + 1 x 0.32 =600 + 24 + 0.32 = 624.32

The amount at the end of 3 years = 5000 + 624.32 = 5624.32

• Question 29 of 30 29. Question 1 points A sum of money was invested at simple interest at a rate for 5 years. Had it been invested at 3% higher rate, It would have received Rs. 150 more interest. What was the principle amount? a. Rs.900 b. Rs.1000 c. Rs.1100 d. Rs.1200 Correct Correct Option : B Justification : SI for 5 Yrs = PTR/100 = 5PR/100 SI for 5 Yrs if invested at 3% more interest rate = 5P(R+3)/100 From data: Difference between the above interest rates = Rs.150 ie., 5PR/100 – 5P(R+3)/100 = 150 P= Rs. 1000, The principle amount Incorrect Correct Option : B Justification : SI for 5 Yrs = PTR/100 = 5PR/100 SI for 5 Yrs if invested at 3% more interest rate = 5P(R+3)/100 From data: Difference between the above interest rates = Rs.150 ie., 5PR/100 – 5P(R+3)/100 = 150 P= Rs. 1000, The principle amount

#### 29. Question

A sum of money was invested at simple interest at a rate for 5 years. Had it been invested at 3% higher rate, It would have received Rs. 150 more interest. What was the principle amount?

• b. Rs.1000

• c. Rs.1100

• d. Rs.1200

Correct Option : B

Justification :

SI for 5 Yrs = PTR/100 = 5PR/100

SI for 5 Yrs if invested at 3% more interest rate = 5P(R+3)/100

From data: Difference between the above interest rates = Rs.150

ie., 5PR/100 – 5P(R+3)/100 = 150

P= Rs. 1000, The principle amount

Correct Option : B

Justification :

SI for 5 Yrs = PTR/100 = 5PR/100

SI for 5 Yrs if invested at 3% more interest rate = 5P(R+3)/100

From data: Difference between the above interest rates = Rs.150

ie., 5PR/100 – 5P(R+3)/100 = 150

P= Rs. 1000, The principle amount

• Question 30 of 30 30. Question 1 points A sum doubles in 5 years under simple interest at a certain rate of interest. In how many years, it would be six times itself? a. 20 years b. 25 years c. 15 years d. 18 years Correct Correct Option: B Justification: Amount = P[ 1 + RT/100] Sum doubles = 2P 2P = P[ 1 + R5/100] 2 = [1 + R/20] R = 20% Now in how many years the sum will be 6 times 6P = P[ 1 + 20T/100] 6 =[ 1 + 20T/100] T = 25 years Incorrect Correct Option: B Justification: Amount = P[ 1 + RT/100] Sum doubles = 2P 2P = P[ 1 + R5/100] 2 = [1 + R/20] R = 20% Now in how many years the sum will be 6 times 6P = P[ 1 + 20T/100] 6 =[ 1 + 20T/100] T = 25 years

#### 30. Question

A sum doubles in 5 years under simple interest at a certain rate of interest. In how many years, it would be six times itself?

• a. 20 years

• b. 25 years

• c. 15 years

• d. 18 years

Correct Option: B

Justification:

Amount = P[ 1 + RT/100]

Sum doubles = 2P

2P = P[ 1 + R*5/100]

2 = [1 + R/20]

Now in how many years the sum will be 6 times

6P = P[ 1 + 20T/100]

6 =[ 1 + 20T/100]

T = 25 years

Correct Option: B

Justification:

Amount = P[ 1 + RT/100]

Sum doubles = 2P

2P = P[ 1 + R*5/100]

2 = [1 + R/20]

Now in how many years the sum will be 6 times

6P = P[ 1 + 20T/100]

6 =[ 1 + 20T/100]

T = 25 years

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